File Coverage

blib/lib/Test.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	138	211	65.4
branch	70	106	66.0
condition	20	44	45.4
subroutine	13	21	61.9
pod	3	3	100.0
total	244	385	63.3

require 5.004;
package Test;

use strict;

use Carp;
use vars (qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $ntest $TestLevel), #public-ish
          qw($TESTOUT $TESTERR %Program_Lines $told_about_diff
             $ONFAIL %todo %history $planned @FAILDETAIL) #private-ish
         );

# In case a test is run in a persistent environment.
sub _reset_globals {
    %todo       = ();
    %history    = ();
    @FAILDETAIL = ();
    $ntest      = 1;
    $TestLevel  = 0;		# how many extra stack frames to skip
    $planned    = 0;
}

$VERSION = '1.26';
require Exporter;
@ISA=('Exporter');

@EXPORT    = qw(&plan &ok &skip);
@EXPORT_OK = qw($ntest $TESTOUT $TESTERR);

$|=1;
$TESTOUT = *STDOUT{IO};
$TESTERR = *STDERR{IO};

# Use of this variable is strongly discouraged.  It is set mainly to
# help test coverage analyzers know which test is running.
$ENV{REGRESSION_TEST} = $0;


=head1 NAME

Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use strict;
  use Test;

  # use a BEGIN block so we print our plan before MyModule is loaded
  BEGIN { plan tests => 14, todo => [3,4] }

  # load your module...
  use MyModule;

  # Helpful notes.  All note-lines must start with a "#".
  print "# I'm testing MyModule version $MyModule::VERSION\n";

  ok(0); # failure
  ok(1); # success

  ok(0); # ok, expected failure (see todo list, above)
  ok(1); # surprise success!

  ok(0,1);             # failure: '0' ne '1'
  ok('broke','fixed'); # failure: 'broke' ne 'fixed'
  ok('fixed','fixed'); # success: 'fixed' eq 'fixed'
  ok('fixed',qr/x/);   # success: 'fixed' =~ qr/x/

  ok(sub { 1+1 }, 2);  # success: '2' eq '2'
  ok(sub { 1+1 }, 3);  # failure: '2' ne '3'

  my @list = (0,0);
  ok @list, 3, "\@list=".join(',',@list);      #extra notes
  ok 'segmentation fault', '/(?i)success/';    #regex match

  skip(
    $^O =~ m/MSWin/ ? "Skip if MSWin" : 0,  # whether to skip
    $foo, $bar  # arguments just like for ok(...)
  );
  skip(
    $^O =~ m/MSWin/ ? 0 : "Skip unless MSWin",  # whether to skip
    $foo, $bar  # arguments just like for ok(...)
  );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module simplifies the task of writing test files for Perl modules,
such that their output is in the format that
L expects to see.

=head1 QUICK START GUIDE

To write a test for your new (and probably not even done) module, create
a new file called F (in a new F directory). If you have
multiple test files, to test the "foo", "bar", and "baz" feature sets,
then feel free to call your files F, F, and
F

=head2 Functions

This module defines three public functions, C, C,
and C.  By default, all three are exported by
the C statement.

=over 4

=item C

     BEGIN { plan %theplan; }

This should be the first thing you call in your test script.  It
declares your testing plan, how many there will be, if any of them
should be allowed to fail, and so on.

Typical usage is just:

     use Test;
     BEGIN { plan tests => 23 }

These are the things that you can put in the parameters to plan:

=over

=item C I>

The number of tests in your script.
This means all ok() and skip() calls.

=item C [I<1,5,14>]>

A reference to a list of tests which are allowed to fail.
See L.

=item C sub { ... }>

=item C \&some_sub>

A subroutine reference to be run at the end of the test script, if
any of the tests fail.  See L.

=back

You must call C once and only once.  You should call it
in a C block, like so:

     BEGIN { plan tests => 23 }

=cut

sub plan {
    croak "Test::plan(%args): odd number of arguments" if @_ & 1;
    croak "Test::plan(): should not be called more than once" if $planned;

    local($\, $,);   # guard against -l and other things that screw with
                     # print

    _reset_globals();

    _read_program( (caller)[1] );

    my $max=0;
    while (@_) {
	my ($k,$v) = splice(@_, 0, 2);
	if ($k =~ /^test(s)?$/) { $max = $v; }
	elsif ($k eq 'todo' or
	       $k eq 'failok') { for (@$v) { $todo{$_}=1; }; }
	elsif ($k eq 'onfail') {
	    ref $v eq 'CODE' or croak "Test::plan(onfail => $v): must be CODE";
	    $ONFAIL = $v;
	}
	else { carp "Test::plan(): skipping unrecognized directive '$k'" }
    }
    my @todo = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %todo;
    if (@todo) {
	print $TESTOUT "1..$max todo ".join(' ', @todo).";\n";
    } else {
	print $TESTOUT "1..$max\n";
    }
    ++$planned;
    print $TESTOUT "# Running under perl version $] for $^O",
      (chr(65) eq 'A') ? "\n" : " in a non-ASCII world\n";

    print $TESTOUT "# Win32::BuildNumber ", &Win32::BuildNumber(), "\n"
      if defined(&Win32::BuildNumber) and defined &Win32::BuildNumber();

    print $TESTOUT "# MacPerl version $MacPerl::Version\n"
      if defined $MacPerl::Version;

    printf $TESTOUT
      "# Current time local: %s\n# Current time GMT:   %s\n",
      scalar(localtime($^T)), scalar(gmtime($^T));

    print $TESTOUT "# Using Test.pm version $VERSION\n";

    # Retval never used:
    return undef;
}

sub _read_program {
  my($file) = shift;
  return unless defined $file and length $file
    and -e $file and -f _ and -r _;
  open(SOURCEFILE, "<$file") || return;
  $Program_Lines{$file} = [];
  close(SOURCEFILE);

  foreach my $x (@{$Program_Lines{$file}})
   { $x =~ tr/\cm\cj\n\r//d }

  unshift @{$Program_Lines{$file}}, '';
  return 1;
}

=begin _private

=item B<_to_value>

  my $value = _to_value($input);

Converts an C parameter to its value.  Typically this just means
running it, if it's a code reference.  You should run all inputted
values through this.

=cut

sub _to_value {
    my ($v) = @_;
    return ref $v eq 'CODE' ? $v->() : $v;
}

sub _quote {
    my $str = $_[0];
    return "" unless defined $str;
    $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
    $str =~ s/"/\\"/g;
    $str =~ s/\a/\\a/g;
    $str =~ s/[\b]/\\b/g;
    $str =~ s/\e/\\e/g;
    $str =~ s/\f/\\f/g;
    $str =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
    $str =~ s/\r/\\r/g;
    $str =~ s/\t/\\t/g;
    $str =~ s/([\0-\037])(?!\d)/sprintf('\\%o',ord($1))/eg;
    $str =~ s/([\0-\037\177-\377])/sprintf('\\x%02X',ord($1))/eg;
    $str =~ s/([^\0-\176])/sprintf('\\x{%X}',ord($1))/eg;
    #if( $_[1] ) {
    #  substr( $str , 218-3 ) = "..."
    #   if length($str) >= 218 and !$ENV{PERL_TEST_NO_TRUNC};
    #}
    return qq("$str");
}


=end _private

=item C

  ok(1 + 1 == 2);
  ok($have, $expect);
  ok($have, $expect, $diagnostics);

This function is the reason for C's existence.  It's
the basic function that
handles printing "C" or "C", along with the
current test number.  (That's what C wants to see.)

In its most basic usage, C simply takes a single scalar
expression.  If its value is true, the test passes; if false,
the test fails.  Examples:

    # Examples of ok(scalar)

    ok( 1 + 1 == 2 );           # ok if 1 + 1 == 2
    ok( $foo =~ /bar/ );        # ok if $foo contains 'bar'
    ok( baz($x + $y) eq 'Armondo' );    # ok if baz($x + $y) returns
                                        # 'Armondo'
    ok( @a == @b );             # ok if @a and @b are the same length

The expression is evaluated in scalar context.  So the following will
work:

    ok( @stuff );                       # ok if @stuff has any elements
    ok( !grep !defined $_, @stuff );    # ok if everything in @stuff is
                                        # defined.

A special case is if the expression is a subroutine reference (in either
C syntax or C<\&foo> syntax).  In
that case, it is executed and its value (true or false) determines if
the test passes or fails.  For example,

    ok( sub {   # See whether sleep works at least passably
      my $start_time = time;
      sleep 5;
      time() - $start_time  >= 4
    });

In its two-argument form, C, I)> compares the two
scalar values to see if they match.  They match if both are undefined,
or if I is a regex that matches I, or if they compare equal
with C.

    # Example of ok(scalar, scalar)

    ok( "this", "that" );               # not ok, 'this' ne 'that'
    ok( "", undef );                    # not ok, "" is defined

The second argument is considered a regex if it is either a regex
object or a string that looks like a regex.  Regex objects are
constructed with the qr// operator in recent versions of perl.  A
string is considered to look like a regex if its first and last
characters are "/", or if the first character is "m"
and its second and last characters are both the
same non-alphanumeric non-whitespace character.  These regexp

Regex examples:

    ok( 'JaffO', '/Jaff/' );    # ok, 'JaffO' =~ /Jaff/
    ok( 'JaffO', 'm|Jaff|' );   # ok, 'JaffO' =~ m|Jaff|
    ok( 'JaffO', qr/Jaff/ );    # ok, 'JaffO' =~ qr/Jaff/;
    ok( 'JaffO', '/(?i)jaff/ ); # ok, 'JaffO' =~ /jaff/i;

If either (or both!) is a subroutine reference, it is run and used
as the value for comparing.  For example:

    ok sub {
        open(OUT, ">x.dat") || die $!;
        print OUT "\x{e000}";
        close OUT;
        my $bytecount = -s 'x.dat';
        unlink 'x.dat' or warn "Can't unlink : $!";
        return $bytecount;
      },
      4
    ;

The above test passes two values to C -- the first
a coderef, and the second is the number 4.  Before C compares them,
it calls the coderef, and uses its return value as the real value of
this parameter. Assuming that C<$bytecount> returns 4, C ends up
testing C<4 eq 4>.  Since that's true, this test passes.

Finally, you can append an optional third argument, in
C,I, I)>, where I is a string value that
will be printed if the test fails.  This should be some useful
information about the test, pertaining to why it failed, and/or
a description of the test.  For example:

    ok( grep($_ eq 'something unique', @stuff), 1,
        "Something that should be unique isn't!\n".
        '@stuff = '.join ', ', @stuff
      );

Unfortunately, a note cannot be used with the single argument
style of C.  That is, if you try C, I)>, then
C will interpret this as C, I)>, and probably
end up testing C eq I> -- and that's not what you want!

All of the above special cases can occasionally cause some
problems.  See L.

=cut

# A past maintainer of this module said:
# <
#   "feature" that can't be removed due to compatibility.>>
#

sub ok ($;$$) {
    croak "ok: plan before you test!" if !$planned;

    local($\,$,);   # guard against -l and other things that screw with
                    # print

    my ($pkg,$file,$line) = caller($TestLevel);
    my $repetition = ++$history{"$file:$line"};
    my $context = ("$file at line $line".
		   ($repetition > 1 ? " fail \#$repetition" : ''));

    # Are we comparing two values?
    my $compare = 0;

    my $ok=0;
    my $result = _to_value(shift);
    my ($expected, $isregex, $regex);
    if (@_ == 0) {
	$ok = $result;
    } else {
        $compare = 1;
	$expected = _to_value(shift);
	if (!defined $expected) {
	    $ok = !defined $result;
	} elsif (!defined $result) {
	    $ok = 0;
	} elsif (ref($expected) eq 'Regexp') {
	    $ok = $result =~ /$expected/;
            $regex = $expected;
	} elsif (($regex) = ($expected =~ m,^ / (.+) / $,sx) or
	    (undef, $regex) = ($expected =~ m,^ m([^\w\s]) (.+) \1 $,sx)) {
	    $ok = $result =~ /$regex/;
	} else {
	    $ok = $result eq $expected;
	}
    }
    my $todo = $todo{$ntest};
    if ($todo and $ok) {
	$context .= ' TODO?!' if $todo;
	print $TESTOUT "ok $ntest # ($context)\n";
    } else {
        # Issuing two seperate prints() causes problems on VMS.
        if (!$ok) {
            print $TESTOUT "not ok $ntest\n";
        }
	else {
            print $TESTOUT "ok $ntest\n";
        }

        $ok or _complain($result, $expected,
        {
          'repetition' => $repetition, 'package' => $pkg,
          'result' => $result, 'todo' => $todo,
          'file' => $file, 'line' => $line,
          'context' => $context, 'compare' => $compare,
          @_ ? ('diagnostic' =>  _to_value(shift)) : (),
        });

    }
    ++ $ntest;
    $ok;
}


sub _complain {
    my($result, $expected, $detail) = @_;
    $$detail{expected} = $expected if defined $expected;

    # Get the user's diagnostic, protecting against multi-line
    # diagnostics.
    my $diag = $$detail{diagnostic};
    $diag =~ s/\n/\n#/g if defined $diag;

    $$detail{context} .= ' *TODO*' if $$detail{todo};
    if (!$$detail{compare}) {
        if (!$diag) {
            print $TESTERR "# Failed test $ntest in $$detail{context}\n";
        } else {
            print $TESTERR "# Failed test $ntest in $$detail{context}: $diag\n";
        }
    } else {
        my $prefix = "Test $ntest";

        print $TESTERR "# $prefix got: " . _quote($result) .
                       " ($$detail{context})\n";
        $prefix = ' ' x (length($prefix) - 5);
        my $expected_quoted = (defined $$detail{regex})
         ?  'qr{'.($$detail{regex}).'}'  :  _quote($expected);

        print $TESTERR "# $prefix Expected: $expected_quoted",
           $diag ? " ($diag)" : (), "\n";

        _diff_complain( $result, $expected, $detail, $prefix )
          if defined($expected) and 2 < ($expected =~ tr/\n//);
    }

    if(defined $Program_Lines{ $$detail{file} }[ $$detail{line} ]) {
        print $TESTERR
          "#  $$detail{file} line $$detail{line} is: $Program_Lines{ $$detail{file} }[ $$detail{line} ]\n"
         if $Program_Lines{ $$detail{file} }[ $$detail{line} ]
          =~ m/[^\s\#\(\)\{\}\[\]\;]/;  # Otherwise it's uninformative

        undef $Program_Lines{ $$detail{file} }[ $$detail{line} ];
         # So we won't repeat it.
    }

    push @FAILDETAIL, $detail;
    return;
}



sub _diff_complain {
    my($result, $expected, $detail, $prefix) = @_;
    return _diff_complain_external(@_) if $ENV{PERL_TEST_DIFF};
    return _diff_complain_algdiff(@_)
     if eval { require Algorithm::Diff; Algorithm::Diff->VERSION(1.15); 1; };

    $told_about_diff++ or print $TESTERR <<"EOT";
# $prefix   (Install the Algorithm::Diff module to have differences in multiline
# $prefix    output explained.  You might also set the PERL_TEST_DIFF environment
# $prefix    variable to run a diff program on the output.)
EOT
    ;
    return;
}



sub _diff_complain_external {
    my($result, $expected, $detail, $prefix) = @_;
    my $diff = $ENV{PERL_TEST_DIFF} || die "WHAAAA?";

    require File::Temp;
    my($got_fh, $got_filename) = File::Temp::tempfile("test-got-XXXXX");
    my($exp_fh, $exp_filename) = File::Temp::tempfile("test-exp-XXXXX");
    unless ($got_fh && $exp_fh) {
      warn "Can't get tempfiles";
      return;
    }

    print $got_fh $result;
    print $exp_fh $expected;
    if (close($got_fh) && close($exp_fh)) {
        my $diff_cmd = "$diff $exp_filename $got_filename";
        print $TESTERR "#\n# $prefix $diff_cmd\n";
        if (open(DIFF, "$diff_cmd |")) {
            local $_;
            while () {
                print $TESTERR "# $prefix $_";
            }
            close(DIFF);
        }
        else {
            warn "Can't run diff: $!";
        }
    } else {
        warn "Can't write to tempfiles: $!";
    }
    unlink($got_filename);
    unlink($exp_filename);
    return;
}



sub _diff_complain_algdiff {
    my($result, $expected, $detail, $prefix) = @_;

    my @got = split(/^/, $result);
    my @exp = split(/^/, $expected);

    my $diff_kind;
    my @diff_lines;

    my $diff_flush = sub {
        return unless $diff_kind;

        my $count_lines = @diff_lines;
        my $s = $count_lines == 1 ? "" : "s";
        my $first_line = $diff_lines[0][0] + 1;

        print $TESTERR "# $prefix ";
        if ($diff_kind eq "GOT") {
            print $TESTERR "Got $count_lines extra line$s at line $first_line:\n";
            for my $i (@diff_lines) {
                print $TESTERR "# $prefix  + " . _quote($got[$i->[0]]) . "\n";
            }
        } elsif ($diff_kind eq "EXP") {
            if ($count_lines > 1) {
                my $last_line = $diff_lines[-1][0] + 1;
                print $TESTERR "Lines $first_line-$last_line are";
            }
            else {
                print $TESTERR "Line $first_line is";
            }
            print $TESTERR " missing:\n";
            for my $i (@diff_lines) {
                print $TESTERR "# $prefix  - " . _quote($exp[$i->[1]]) . "\n";
            }
        } elsif ($diff_kind eq "CH") {
            if ($count_lines > 1) {
                my $last_line = $diff_lines[-1][0] + 1;
                print $TESTERR "Lines $first_line-$last_line are";
            }
            else {
                print $TESTERR "Line $first_line is";
            }
            print $TESTERR " changed:\n";
            for my $i (@diff_lines) {
                print $TESTERR "# $prefix  - " . _quote($exp[$i->[1]]) . "\n";
                print $TESTERR "# $prefix  + " . _quote($got[$i->[0]]) . "\n";
            }
        }

        # reset
        $diff_kind = undef;
        @diff_lines = ();
    };

    my $diff_collect = sub {
        my $kind = shift;
        &$diff_flush() if $diff_kind && $diff_kind ne $kind;
        $diff_kind = $kind;
        push(@diff_lines, [@_]);
    };


    Algorithm::Diff::traverse_balanced(
        \@got, \@exp,
        {
            DISCARD_A => sub { &$diff_collect("GOT", @_) },
            DISCARD_B => sub { &$diff_collect("EXP", @_) },
            CHANGE    => sub { &$diff_collect("CH",  @_) },
            MATCH     => sub { &$diff_flush() },
        },
    );
    &$diff_flush();

    return;
}




#~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~`~


=item C, I)>

This is used for tests that under some conditions can be skipped.  It's
basically equivalent to:

  if( $skip_if_true ) {
    ok(1);
  } else {
    ok( args... );
  }

...except that the C emits not just "C>" but
actually "C # I>".

The arguments after the I are what is fed to C if
this test isn't skipped.

Example usage:

  my $if_MSWin =
    $^O =~ m/MSWin/ ? 'Skip if under MSWin' : '';

  # A test to be skipped if under MSWin (i.e., run except under MSWin)
  skip($if_MSWin, thing($foo), thing($bar) );

Or, going the other way:

  my $unless_MSWin =
    $^O =~ m/MSWin/ ? '' : 'Skip unless under MSWin';

  # A test to be skipped unless under MSWin (i.e., run only under MSWin)
  skip($unless_MSWin, thing($foo), thing($bar) );

The tricky thing to remember is that the first parameter is true if
you want to I the test, not I it; and it also doubles as a
note about why it's being skipped. So in the first codeblock above, read
the code as "skip if MSWin -- (otherwise) test whether C is
C" or for the second case, "skip unless MSWin...".

Also, when your I string is true, it really should (for
backwards compatibility with older Test.pm versions) start with the
string "Skip", as shown in the above examples.

Note that in the above cases, C and C
I evaluated -- but as long as the C is true,
then we C just tosses out their value (i.e., not
bothering to treat them like values to C.  But if
you need to I eval the arguments when skipping the
test, use
this format:

  skip( $unless_MSWin,
    sub {
      # This code returns true if the test passes.
      # (But it doesn't even get called if the test is skipped.)
      thing($foo) eq thing($bar)
    }
  );

or even this, which is basically equivalent:

  skip( $unless_MSWin,
    sub { thing($foo) }, sub { thing($bar) }
  );

That is, both are like this:

  if( $unless_MSWin ) {
    ok(1);  # but it actually appends "# $unless_MSWin"
            #  so that Test::Harness can tell it's a skip
  } else {
    # Not skipping, so actually call and evaluate...
    ok( sub { thing($foo) }, sub { thing($bar) } );
  }

=cut

sub skip ($;$$$) {
    local($\, $,);   # guard against -l and other things that screw with
                     # print

    my $whyskip = _to_value(shift);
    if (!@_ or $whyskip) {
	$whyskip = '' if $whyskip =~ m/^\d+$/;
        $whyskip =~ s/^[Ss]kip(?:\s+|$)//;  # backwards compatibility, old
                                            # versions required the reason
                                            # to start with 'skip'
        # We print in one shot for VMSy reasons.
        my $ok = "ok $ntest # skip";
        $ok .= " $whyskip" if length $whyskip;
        $ok .= "\n";
        print $TESTOUT $ok;
        ++ $ntest;
        return 1;
    } else {
        # backwards compatibility (I think).  skip() used to be
        # called like ok(), which is weird.  I haven't decided what to do with
        # this yet.
#        warn <
#This looks like a skip() using the very old interface.  Please upgrade to
#the documented interface as this has been deprecated.
#WARN

	local($TestLevel) = $TestLevel+1;  #to ignore this stack frame
        return &ok(@_);
    }
}

=back

=cut

END {
    $ONFAIL->(\@FAILDETAIL) if @FAILDETAIL && $ONFAIL;
}

1;
__END__