File Coverage

Upper.xs

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	887	941	94.2
branch	485	796	60.9
condition			n/a
subroutine			n/a
pod			n/a
total	1372	1737	78.9

/* This file is part of the Scope::Upper Perl module.
 * See http://search.cpan.org/dist/Scope-Upper/ */

#define PERL_NO_GET_CONTEXT
#include "EXTERN.h"
#include "perl.h"
#include "XSUB.h"

/* --- XS helpers ---------------------------------------------------------- */

#define XSH_PACKAGE "Scope::Upper"

#include "xsh/caps.h"
#include "xsh/util.h"
#include "xsh/debug.h"

/* --- Compatibility ------------------------------------------------------- */

/* perl 5.23.8 onwards has a revamped context system */
#define SU_HAS_NEW_CXT XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 23, 8)

#ifndef dVAR
# define dVAR dNOOP
#endif

#ifndef MUTABLE_SV
# define MUTABLE_SV(S) ((SV *) (S))
#endif

#ifndef MUTABLE_AV
# define MUTABLE_AV(A) ((AV *) (A))
#endif

#ifndef MUTABLE_CV
# define MUTABLE_CV(C) ((CV *) (C))
#endif

#ifndef PERL_UNUSED_VAR
# define PERL_UNUSED_VAR(V)
#endif

#ifndef Newx
# define Newx(v, n, c) New(0, v, n, c)
#endif

#ifdef DEBUGGING
# ifdef PoisonNew
#  define SU_POISON(D, N, T) PoisonNew((D), (N), T)
# elif defined(Poison)
#  define SU_POISON(D, N, T) Poison((D), (N), T)
# endif
#endif
#ifndef SU_POISON
# define SU_POISON(D, N, T) NOOP
#endif

#ifndef newSV_type
static SV *su_newSV_type(pTHX_ svtype t) {
 SV *sv = newSV(0);
 SvUPGRADE(sv, t);
 return sv;
}
# define newSV_type(T) su_newSV_type(aTHX_ (T))
#endif

#ifdef newSVpvn_flags
# define su_newmortal_pvn(S, L) newSVpvn_flags((S), (L), SVs_TEMP)
#else
# define su_newmortal_pvn(S, L) sv_2mortal(newSVpvn((S), (L)))
#endif
#define su_newmortal_pvs(S) su_newmortal_pvn((S), sizeof(S)-1)

#ifndef SvPV_const
# define SvPV_const(S, L) SvPV(S, L)
#endif

#ifndef SvPVX_const
# define SvPVX_const(S) SvPVX(S)
#endif

#ifndef SvPV_nolen_const
# define SvPV_nolen_const(S) SvPV_nolen(S)
#endif

#ifndef SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void
# define SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv) ((void) SvREFCNT_inc(sv))
#endif

#ifndef mPUSHi
# define mPUSHi(I) PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(I)))
#endif

#ifndef GvCV_set
# define GvCV_set(G, C) (GvCV(G) = (C))
#endif

#ifndef CvGV_set
# define CvGV_set(C, G) (CvGV(C) = (G))
#endif

#ifndef CvSTASH_set
# define CvSTASH_set(C, S) (CvSTASH(C) = (S))
#endif

#ifndef CvISXSUB
# define CvISXSUB(C) CvXSUB(C)
#endif

#ifndef PadlistARRAY
# define PadlistARRAY(P) AvARRAY(P)
# define PadARRAY(P)     AvARRAY(P)
#endif

#ifndef CxHASARGS
# define CxHASARGS(C) ((C)->blk_sub.hasargs)
#endif

#ifndef CxGIMME
# ifdef G_WANT
#  define CxGIMME(C) ((C)->blk_gimme & G_WANT)
# else
#  define CxGIMME(C) ((C)->blk_gimme)
# endif
#endif

#ifndef CxOLD_OP_TYPE
# define CxOLD_OP_TYPE(C) (C)->blk_eval.old_op_type
#endif

#ifndef OutCopFILE
# define OutCopFILE(C) CopFILE(C)
#endif

#ifndef OutCopFILE_len
# define OutCopFILE_len(C) strlen(OutCopFILE(C))
#endif

#ifndef CopHINTS_get
# define CopHINTS_get(C) ((I32) (C)->op_private & HINT_PRIVATE_MASK)
#endif

#ifndef CopHINTHASH_get
# define CopHINTHASH_get(C) (C)->cop_hints_hash
#endif

#ifndef cophh_2hv
# define COPHH           struct refcounted_he
# define cophh_2hv(H, F) Perl_refcounted_he_chain_2hv(aTHX_ (H))
#endif

#ifndef HvNAME_get
# define HvNAME_get(H) HvNAME(H)
#endif

#ifndef HvNAMELEN
# define HvNAMELEN(H) strlen(HvNAME(H))
#endif

#ifndef gv_fetchpvn_flags
# define gv_fetchpvn_flags(A, B, C, D) gv_fetchpv((A), (C), (D))
#endif

#ifndef hv_fetchs
# define hv_fetchs(H, K, L) hv_fetch((H), (K), sizeof(K)-1, (L))
#endif

#ifndef OP_GIMME_REVERSE
static U8 su_op_gimme_reverse(U8 gimme) {
 switch (gimme) {
  case G_VOID:
   return OPf_WANT_VOID;
  case G_ARRAY:
   return OPf_WANT_LIST;
  default:
   break;
 }

 return OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
}
#define OP_GIMME_REVERSE(G) su_op_gimme_reverse(G)
#endif

#ifndef OpSIBLING
# ifdef OP_SIBLING
#  define OpSIBLING(O) OP_SIBLING(O)
# else
#  define OpSIBLING(O) ((O)->op_sibling)
# endif
#endif

#ifndef PERL_MAGIC_tied
# define PERL_MAGIC_tied 'P'
#endif

#ifndef PERL_MAGIC_env
# define PERL_MAGIC_env 'E'
#endif

#ifndef NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR
# define NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR "NEGATIVE_INDICES"
#endif

/* --- Error messages ------------------------------------------------------ */

static const char su_stack_smash[]    = "Cannot target a scope outside of the current stack";
static const char su_no_such_target[] = "No targetable %s scope in the current stack";

/* --- Unique context ID global storage ------------------------------------ */

/* ... Sequence ID counter ................................................. */

typedef struct {
 UV     *seqs;
 STRLEN  size;
} su_uv_array;

static su_uv_array su_uid_seq_counter;

#ifdef USE_ITHREADS

static perl_mutex su_uid_seq_counter_mutex;

#endif /* USE_ITHREADS */

static UV su_uid_seq_next(pTHX_ UV depth) {
#define su_uid_seq_next(D) su_uid_seq_next(aTHX_ (D))
 UV seq;
 UV *seqs;

 XSH_LOCK(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);

 seqs = su_uid_seq_counter.seqs;

 if (depth >= su_uid_seq_counter.size) {
  UV i;

  seqs = PerlMemShared_realloc(seqs, (depth + 1) * sizeof(UV));
  for (i = su_uid_seq_counter.size; i <= depth; ++i)
   seqs[i] = 0;

  su_uid_seq_counter.seqs = seqs;
  su_uid_seq_counter.size = depth + 1;
 }

 seq = ++seqs[depth];

 XSH_UNLOCK(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);

 return seq;
}

/* ... UID storage ......................................................... */

typedef struct {
 UV  seq;
 U32 flags;
} su_uid;

#define SU_UID_ACTIVE 1

static UV su_uid_depth(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_uid_depth(I) su_uid_depth(aTHX_ (I))
 const PERL_SI *si;
 UV depth;

 depth = cxix;
 for (si = PL_curstackinfo->si_prev; si; si = si->si_prev)
  depth += si->si_cxix + 1;

 return depth;
}

typedef struct {
 su_uid *map;
 STRLEN  used;
 STRLEN  alloc;
} su_uid_storage;

static void su_uid_storage_dup(pTHX_ su_uid_storage *new_cxt, const su_uid_storage *old_cxt, UV max_depth) {
#define su_uid_storage_dup(N, O, D) su_uid_storage_dup(aTHX_ (N), (O), (D))
 su_uid *old_map = old_cxt->map;

 if (old_map) {
  su_uid *new_map  = new_cxt->map;
  STRLEN  old_used = old_cxt->used;
  STRLEN  new_used, new_alloc;
  STRLEN  i;

  new_used      = max_depth < old_used ? max_depth : old_used;
  new_cxt->used = new_used;

  if (new_used <= new_cxt->alloc) {
   new_alloc      = new_cxt->alloc;
  } else {
   new_alloc      = new_used;
   Renew(new_map, new_alloc, su_uid);
   new_cxt->map   = new_map;
   new_cxt->alloc = new_alloc;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < new_alloc; ++i) {
   su_uid *new_uid = new_map + i;

   if (i < new_used) { /* => i < max_depth && i < old_used */
    su_uid *old_uid = old_map + i;

    if (old_uid && (old_uid->flags & SU_UID_ACTIVE)) {
     *new_uid = *old_uid;
     continue;
    }
   }

   new_uid->seq   = 0;
   new_uid->flags = 0;
  }
 }

 return;
}

/* --- unwind() global storage --------------------------------------------- */

typedef struct {
 I32      cxix;
 I32      items;
 SV     **savesp;
 LISTOP   return_op;
 OP       proxy_op;
} su_unwind_storage;

/* --- yield() global storage ---------------------------------------------- */

typedef struct {
 I32      cxix;
 I32      items;
 SV     **savesp;
 UNOP     leave_op;
 OP       proxy_op;
} su_yield_storage;

/* --- uplevel() data tokens and global storage ---------------------------- */

#define SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 8, 0)

typedef struct {
 void          *next;

 su_uid_storage tmp_uid_storage;
 su_uid_storage old_uid_storage;

 I32            cxix;

 CV            *callback;
 CV            *renamed;

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
 U8             *cxtypes; /* array of saved context types */
 I32            gap;      /* how many contexts have temporarily CXt_NULLed out*/
 AV*            argarray; /* the PL_curpad[0] of the uplevel sub */
#else
 I32            target_depth;
 CV            *target;
 PERL_SI       *si;
 PERL_SI       *old_curstackinfo;
 AV            *old_mainstack;
 OP            *old_op;
 bool           old_catch;
 bool           died;
#endif

 COP           *old_curcop;

#if SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS
 runops_proc_t  old_runops;
#endif
} su_uplevel_ud;

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
/* used to flag a context stack entry whose type has been temporarily
 * set to CXt_NULL. It relies on perl not using this value for real
 * CXt_NULL entries.
 */
# define CXp_SU_UPLEVEL_NULLED 0x20
#endif

static su_uplevel_ud *su_uplevel_ud_new(pTHX) {
#define su_uplevel_ud_new() su_uplevel_ud_new(aTHX)
 su_uplevel_ud *sud;
 PERL_SI       *si;

 Newx(sud, 1, su_uplevel_ud);
 sud->next = NULL;

 sud->tmp_uid_storage.map   = NULL;
 sud->tmp_uid_storage.used  = 0;
 sud->tmp_uid_storage.alloc = 0;

#if !SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
 Newx(si, 1, PERL_SI);
 si->si_stack   = newAV();
 AvREAL_off(si->si_stack);
 si->si_cxstack = NULL;
 si->si_cxmax   = -1;

 sud->si = si;
#endif

 return sud;
}

static void su_uplevel_ud_delete(pTHX_ su_uplevel_ud *sud) {
#define su_uplevel_ud_delete(S) su_uplevel_ud_delete(aTHX_ (S))

#if !SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
 PERL_SI *si = sud->si;

 Safefree(si->si_cxstack);
 SvREFCNT_dec(si->si_stack);
 Safefree(si);
#endif

 Safefree(sud->tmp_uid_storage.map);

 Safefree(sud);

 return;
}

typedef struct {
 su_uplevel_ud *top;
 su_uplevel_ud *root;
 I32            count;
} su_uplevel_storage;

#ifndef SU_UPLEVEL_STORAGE_SIZE
# define SU_UPLEVEL_STORAGE_SIZE 4
#endif

/* --- Global data --------------------------------------------------------- */

typedef struct {
 su_unwind_storage   unwind_storage;
 su_yield_storage    yield_storage;
 su_uplevel_storage  uplevel_storage;
 su_uid_storage      uid_storage;
} xsh_user_cxt_t;

#define XSH_THREADS_USER_CONTEXT            1
#define XSH_THREADS_USER_CLONE_NEEDS_DUP    0
#define XSH_THREADS_COMPILE_TIME_PROTECTION 0

#if XSH_THREADSAFE

static void xsh_user_clone(pTHX_ const xsh_user_cxt_t *old_cxt, xsh_user_cxt_t *new_cxt) {
 new_cxt->uplevel_storage.top   = NULL;
 new_cxt->uplevel_storage.root  = NULL;
 new_cxt->uplevel_storage.count = 0;
 new_cxt->uid_storage.map   = NULL;
 new_cxt->uid_storage.used  = 0;
 new_cxt->uid_storage.alloc = 0;

 su_uid_storage_dup(&new_cxt->uid_storage, &old_cxt->uid_storage,
                    old_cxt->uid_storage.used);

 return;
}

#endif /* XSH_THREADSAFE */

#include "xsh/threads.h"

/* --- Stack manipulations ------------------------------------------------- */

/* how many slots on the save stack various save types take up */

#define SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE 3 /* SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR_X */
#define SU_SAVE_SCALAR_SIZE     3 /* SAVEt_SV */
#define SU_SAVE_ARY_SIZE        3 /* SAVEt_AV */
#define SU_SAVE_AELEM_SIZE      4 /* SAVEt_AELEM */
#define SU_SAVE_HASH_SIZE       3 /* SAVEt_HV */
#define SU_SAVE_HELEM_SIZE      4 /* SAVEt_HELEM */
#define SU_SAVE_HDELETE_SIZE    4 /* SAVEt_DELETE */

#define SU_SAVE_GVCV_SIZE       SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE

/* the overhead of save_alloc() but not including any elements,
 * of which there must be at least 1 */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 14, 0)
# define SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE      1 /* SAVEt_ALLOC */
#else
# define SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE      2 /* SAVEt_ALLOC */
#endif

#ifdef SAVEADELETE
# define SU_SAVE_ADELETE_SIZE   3 /* SAVEt_ADELETE */
#else
# define SU_SAVE_ADELETE_SIZE   SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE
#endif

/* (NB: it was 4 between 5.13.1 and 5.13.7) */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 8, 9)
# define SU_SAVE_GP_SIZE        3 /* SAVEt_GP */
# else
# define SU_SAVE_GP_SIZE        6 /* SAVEt_GP */
#endif

/* sometimes we don't know in advance whether we're saving or deleting
 * an array/hash element. So include enough room for a variable-sized
 * save_alloc() to pad it to a fixed size.
 */

#if SU_SAVE_AELEM_SIZE < SU_SAVE_ADELETE_SIZE
# define SU_SAVE_AELEM_OR_ADELETE_SIZE \
    (SU_SAVE_ADELETE_SIZE + SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1)
#elif SU_SAVE_AELEM_SIZE > SU_SAVE_ADELETE_SIZE
# define SU_SAVE_AELEM_OR_ADELETE_SIZE \
    (SU_SAVE_AELEM_SIZE + SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1)
#else
# define SU_SAVE_AELEM_OR_ADELETE_SIZE SU_SAVE_AELEM_SIZE
#endif

#if SU_SAVE_HELEM_SIZE < SU_SAVE_HDELETE_SIZE
# define SU_SAVE_HELEM_OR_HDELETE_SIZE \
    (SU_SAVE_HDELETE_SIZE + SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1)
#elif SU_SAVE_HELEM_SIZE > SU_SAVE_HDELETE_SIZE
# define SU_SAVE_HELEM_OR_HDELETE_SIZE \
    (SU_SAVE_HELEM_SIZE + SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1)
#else
# define SU_SAVE_HELEM_OR_HDELETE_SIZE SU_SAVE_HELEM_SIZE
#endif

#ifndef SvCANEXISTDELETE
# define SvCANEXISTDELETE(sv) \
  (!SvRMAGICAL(sv)            \
   || ((mg = mg_find((SV *) sv, PERL_MAGIC_tied))            \
       && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *) sv, mg)))) \
       && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "EXISTS", TRUE)     \
       && gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, "DELETE", TRUE)     \
      )                       \
   )
#endif

/* ... Saving array elements ............................................... */

static I32 su_av_key2idx(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key) {
#define su_av_key2idx(A, K) su_av_key2idx(aTHX_ (A), (K))
 I32 idx;

 if (key >= 0)
  return key;

/* Added by MJD in perl-5.8.1 with 6f12eb6d2a1dfaf441504d869b27d2e40ef4966a */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 8, 1)
 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
  const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV *) av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
  if (tied_magic) {
   SV * const * const negative_indices_glob = hv_fetch(
    SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *) (av), tied_magic))),
    NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, sizeof(NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR)-1, 0
   );
   if (negative_indices_glob && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
    return key;
  }
 }
#endif

 idx = key + av_len(av) + 1;
 if (idx < 0)
  return key;

 return idx;
}

#ifndef SAVEADELETE

typedef struct {
 AV *av;
 I32 idx;
} su_ud_adelete;

static void su_adelete(pTHX_ void *ud_) {
 su_ud_adelete *ud = (su_ud_adelete *) ud_;

 av_delete(ud->av, ud->idx, G_DISCARD);
 SvREFCNT_dec(ud->av);

 Safefree(ud);
}

static void su_save_adelete(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 idx) {
#define su_save_adelete(A, K) su_save_adelete(aTHX_ (A), (K))
 su_ud_adelete *ud;

 Newx(ud, 1, su_ud_adelete);
 ud->av  = av;
 ud->idx = idx;
 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(av);

 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_adelete, ud);
}

#define SAVEADELETE(A, K) su_save_adelete((A), (K))

#endif /* SAVEADELETE */

static void su_save_aelem(pTHX_ AV *av, SV *key, SV *val) {
#define su_save_aelem(A, K, V) su_save_aelem(aTHX_ (A), (K), (V))
 I32 idx;
 I32 preeminent = 1;
 SV **svp;
 HV *stash;
 MAGIC *mg;

 idx = su_av_key2idx(av, SvIV(key));

 if (SvCANEXISTDELETE(av))
  preeminent = av_exists(av, idx);

 svp = av_fetch(av, idx, 1);
 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef) croak(PL_no_aelem, idx);

 if (preeminent)
  save_aelem(av, idx, svp);
 else
  SAVEADELETE(av, idx);

 if (val) { /* local $x[$idx] = $val; */
  SvSetMagicSV(*svp, val);
 } else {   /* local $x[$idx]; delete $x[$idx]; */
  av_delete(av, idx, G_DISCARD);
 }
}

/* ... Saving hash elements ................................................ */

static void su_save_helem(pTHX_ HV *hv, SV *keysv, SV *val) {
#define su_save_helem(H, K, V) su_save_helem(aTHX_ (H), (K), (V))
 I32 preeminent = 1;
 HE *he;
 SV **svp;
 HV *stash;
 MAGIC *mg;

 if (SvCANEXISTDELETE(hv) || mg_find((SV *) hv, PERL_MAGIC_env))
  preeminent = hv_exists_ent(hv, keysv, 0);

 he  = hv_fetch_ent(hv, keysv, 1, 0);
 svp = he ? &HeVAL(he) : NULL;
 if (!svp || *svp == &PL_sv_undef) croak("Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, subscript \"%s\"", SvPV_nolen_const(*svp));

 if (HvNAME_get(hv) && isGV(*svp)) {
  save_gp((GV *) *svp, 0);
  return;
 }

 if (preeminent) {
  save_helem(hv, keysv, svp);
 } else {
  STRLEN keylen;
  const char * const key = SvPV_const(keysv, keylen);
  SAVEDELETE(hv, savepvn(key, keylen),
                 SvUTF8(keysv) ? -(I32)keylen : (I32)keylen);
 }

 if (val) { /* local $x{$keysv} = $val; */
  SvSetMagicSV(*svp, val);
 } else {   /* local $x{$keysv}; delete $x{$keysv}; */
  (void)hv_delete_ent(hv, keysv, G_DISCARD, HeHASH(he));
 }
}

/* ... Saving code slots from a glob ....................................... */

#if !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0) && !defined(mro_method_changed_in)
# define mro_method_changed_in(G) PL_sub_generation++
#endif

typedef struct {
 GV *gv;
 CV *old_cv;
} su_save_gvcv_ud;

static void su_restore_gvcv(pTHX_ void *ud_) {
 su_save_gvcv_ud *ud = ud_;
 GV              *gv = ud->gv;

 GvCV_set(gv, ud->old_cv);
 GvCVGEN(gv) = 0;
 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));

 Safefree(ud);
}

static void su_save_gvcv(pTHX_ GV *gv) {
#define su_save_gvcv(G) su_save_gvcv(aTHX_ (G))
 su_save_gvcv_ud *ud;

 Newx(ud, 1, su_save_gvcv_ud);
 ud->gv     = gv;
 ud->old_cv = GvCV(gv);

 GvCV_set(gv, NULL);
 GvCVGEN(gv) = 0;
 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv));

 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_restore_gvcv, ud);
}

/* --- Actions ------------------------------------------------------------- */

typedef struct {
 I32 orig_ix; /* original savestack_ix */
 I32 offset;  /* how much we bumped this savestack index */
} su_ud_origin_elem;

typedef struct {
 U8                 type;
 U8                 private;
 /* spare */
 I32                depth;
 su_ud_origin_elem *origin;
} su_ud_common;

#define SU_UD_TYPE(U)    (((su_ud_common *) (U))->type)
#define SU_UD_PRIVATE(U) (((su_ud_common *) (U))->private)
#define SU_UD_DEPTH(U)   (((su_ud_common *) (U))->depth)
#define SU_UD_ORIGIN(U)  (((su_ud_common *) (U))->origin)

#define SU_UD_TYPE_REAP     0
#define SU_UD_TYPE_LOCALIZE 1
#define SU_UD_TYPE_UID      2

#define SU_UD_FREE(U) STMT_START { \
 if (SU_UD_ORIGIN(U)) Safefree(SU_UD_ORIGIN(U)); \
 Safefree(U); \
} STMT_END

/* ... Reap ................................................................ */

#define SU_SAVE_LAST_CX (!XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 8, 4) || (XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 9, 5) && !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 14, 0)) || XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 15, 0))

typedef struct {
 su_ud_common ci;
 SV          *cb;
} su_ud_reap;

#define SU_UD_REAP_CB(U) (((su_ud_reap *) (U))->cb)

static void su_call(pTHX_ SV *cb) {
#if SU_SAVE_LAST_CX
 I32 cxix;
 PERL_CONTEXT saved_cx;
#endif /* SU_SAVE_LAST_CX */

 dSP;

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("@@@ call scope_ix=%2d save_ix=%2d\n",
                          PL_scopestack_ix, PL_savestack_ix));

 ENTER;
 SAVETMPS;

 PUSHMARK(SP);
 PUTBACK;

#if SU_SAVE_LAST_CX
 /* If the recently popped context isn't saved there, it will be overwritten by
  * the sub scope from call_sv, although it's still needed in our caller. */
 cxix     = (cxstack_ix < cxstack_max) ? (cxstack_ix + 1) : Perl_cxinc(aTHX);
 saved_cx = cxstack[cxix];
#endif /* SU_SAVE_LAST_CX */

 call_sv(cb, G_VOID);

#if SU_SAVE_LAST_CX
 cxstack[cxix] = saved_cx;
#endif /* SU_SAVE_LAST_CX */

 PUTBACK;

 FREETMPS;
 LEAVE;

 SvREFCNT_dec(cb);

 return;
}

/* ... Localize & localize array/hash element .............................. */

typedef struct {
 su_ud_common ci;
 SV          *sv;
 SV          *val;
 SV          *elem;
} su_ud_localize;

#define SU_UD_LOCALIZE_SV(U)   (((su_ud_localize *) (U))->sv)
#define SU_UD_LOCALIZE_VAL(U)  (((su_ud_localize *) (U))->val)
#define SU_UD_LOCALIZE_ELEM(U) (((su_ud_localize *) (U))->elem)

#define SU_UD_LOCALIZE_FREE(U) STMT_START { \
 SvREFCNT_dec(SU_UD_LOCALIZE_ELEM(U)); \
 SvREFCNT_dec(SU_UD_LOCALIZE_VAL(U)); \
 SvREFCNT_dec(SU_UD_LOCALIZE_SV(U)); \
 SU_UD_FREE(U); \
} STMT_END

static I32 su_ud_localize_init(pTHX_ su_ud_localize *ud, SV *sv, SV *val, SV *elem) {
#define su_ud_localize_init(UD, S, V, E) su_ud_localize_init(aTHX_ (UD), (S), (V), (E))
 int take_ref = 0;
 svtype     t = SVt_NULL;
 I32     size;

 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sv);

 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVGV) {
  if (SvFAKE(sv)) {
   sv_force_normal(sv);
   goto string_spec;
  }

  if (!val || !SvROK(val)) { /* local *x; or local *x = $val; */
   t = SVt_PVGV;
  } else {                   /* local *x = \$val; */
   t = SvTYPE(SvRV(val));
  }
 } else if (SvROK(sv)) {
  croak("Invalid %s reference as the localization target",
                 sv_reftype(SvRV(sv), 0));
 } else {
  STRLEN len, l;
  const char *p, *s;
string_spec:
  p = SvPV_const(sv, len);
  for (s = p, l = len; l > 0 && isSPACE(*s); ++s, --l) { }
  if (!l) {
   l = len;
   s = p;
  }
  switch (*s) {
   case '$': t = SVt_PV;   break;
   case '@': t = SVt_PVAV; break;
   case '%': t = SVt_PVHV; break;
   case '&': t = SVt_PVCV; break;
   case '*': t = SVt_PVGV; break;
  }
  if (t != SVt_NULL) {
   ++s;
   --l;
   if (t == SVt_PV)
    take_ref = 1;
  } else if (val) { /* t == SVt_NULL, type can't be inferred from the sigil */
   if (SvROK(val) && !sv_isobject(val)) {
    t = SvTYPE(SvRV(val));
   } else {
    t = SvTYPE(val);
    take_ref = 1;
   }
  }

  SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
  sv = newSVpvn(s, l);
 }

 switch (t) {
  case SVt_PVAV:
   size  = elem ? SU_SAVE_AELEM_OR_ADELETE_SIZE
                : SU_SAVE_ARY_SIZE;
   break;
  case SVt_PVHV:
   size  = elem ? SU_SAVE_HELEM_OR_HDELETE_SIZE
                : SU_SAVE_HASH_SIZE;
   break;
  case SVt_PVGV:
   size  = SU_SAVE_GP_SIZE;
   break;
  case SVt_PVCV:
   size  = SU_SAVE_GVCV_SIZE;
   break;
  default:
   size = SU_SAVE_SCALAR_SIZE;
   break;
 }

 SU_UD_PRIVATE(ud) = t;

 ud->sv   = sv;
 if (val) {
  val     = newSVsv(val);
  ud->val = take_ref ? newRV_noinc(val) : val;
 } else {
  ud->val = NULL;
 }
 ud->elem = SvREFCNT_inc(elem);

 return size;
}

static void su_localize(pTHX_ void *ud_) {
#define su_localize(U) su_localize(aTHX_ (U))
 su_ud_localize *ud = (su_ud_localize *) ud_;
 SV *sv   = ud->sv;
 SV *val  = ud->val;
 SV *elem = ud->elem;
 svtype t = SU_UD_PRIVATE(ud);
 GV *gv;

 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVGV) {
  gv = (GV *) sv;
 } else {
/* new perl context implementation frees savestack *before* restoring
 * PL_curcop. Temporarily restore it prematurely to make gv_fetch*
 * looks up unqualified var names in the caller's package */
#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
  COP *old_cop = PL_curcop;
  PL_curcop    = CX_CUR()->blk_oldcop;
#endif

#ifdef gv_fetchsv
  gv = gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADDMULTI, t);
#else
  {
   STRLEN len;
   const char *name = SvPV_const(sv, len);
   gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(name, len, GV_ADDMULTI, t);
  }
#endif

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
  CX_CUR()->blk_oldcop = old_cop;
#endif
 }

 XSH_D({
  SV *z = newSV(0);
  SvUPGRADE(z, t);
  xsh_debug_log("%p:     === localize a %s\n", ud, sv_reftype(z, 0));
  xsh_debug_log("%p:         depth=%2d scope_ix=%2d save_ix=%2d\n",
                 ud,   SU_UD_DEPTH(ud), PL_scopestack_ix, PL_savestack_ix);
  SvREFCNT_dec(z);
 });

 /* Inspired from Alias.pm */
 switch (t) {
  case SVt_PVAV:
   if (elem) {
    su_save_aelem(GvAV(gv), elem, val);
    return;
   } else {
    save_ary(gv);
   }
   break;
  case SVt_PVHV:
   if (elem) {
    su_save_helem(GvHV(gv), elem, val);
    return;
   } else {
    save_hash(gv);
   }
   break;
  case SVt_PVGV:
   save_gp(gv, 1); /* hide previous entry in symtab */
   break;
  case SVt_PVCV:
   su_save_gvcv(gv);
   break;
  default:
   save_scalar(gv);
   break;
 }

 if (val)
  SvSetMagicSV((SV *) gv, val);

 return;
}

/* ... Unique context ID ................................................... */

/* We must pass the index because XSH_CXT.uid_storage might be reallocated
 * between the UID fetch and the invalidation at the end of scope. */

typedef struct {
 su_ud_common ci;
 I32          idx;
} su_ud_uid;

static void su_uid_drop(pTHX_ void *ud_) {
 su_ud_uid *ud = ud_;
 dXSH_CXT;

 XSH_CXT.uid_storage.map[ud->idx].flags &= ~SU_UID_ACTIVE;

 SU_UD_FREE(ud);

 return;
}

/* --- Pop a context back -------------------------------------------------- */

#ifdef DEBUGGING
# define SU_CX_TYPENAME(T) PL_block_type[(T)]
#else
# if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 23, 8)
static const char *su_block_type[] = {
 "NULL",
 "WHEN",
 "BLOCK",
 "GIVEN",
 "LOOP_ARY",
 "LOOP_LAZYSV",
 "LOOP_LAZYIV",
 "LOOP_LIST",
 "LOOP_PLAIN",
 "SUB",
 "FORMAT",
 "EVAL",
 "SUBST"
};
# elif XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
static const char *su_block_type[] = {
 "NULL",
 "WHEN",
 "BLOCK",
 "GIVEN",
 "LOOP_FOR",
 "LOOP_PLAIN",
 "LOOP_LAZYSV",
 "LOOP_LAZYIV",
 "SUB",
 "FORMAT",
 "EVAL",
 "SUBST"
};
# elif XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
static const char *su_block_type[] = {
 "NULL",
 "SUB",
 "EVAL",
 "LOOP",
 "SUBST",
 "BLOCK",
 "FORMAT"
 "WHEN",
 "GIVEN"
};
# else
static const char *su_block_type[] = {
 "NULL",
 "SUB",
 "EVAL",
 "LOOP",
 "SUBST",
 "BLOCK",
 "FORMAT"
};
# endif
# define SU_CX_TYPENAME(T) su_block_type[(T)]
#endif

#define SU_CXNAME(C) SU_CX_TYPENAME(CxTYPE(C))

#if XSH_DEBUG

/* for debugging. These indicate how many ENTERs each context type
 * does before the PUSHBLOCK */

static const int su_cxt_enter_count[] = {
# if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 23, 8)
  0 /* context pushes no longer do ENTERs */
# elif XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
 /* NULL WHEN BLOCK GIVEN LOOP_FOR LOOP_PLAIN LOOP_LAZYSV
  * LOOP_LAZYIV SUB FORMAT EVAL SUBST */
 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0
# elif XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
 /* NULL SUB EVAL LOOP SUBST BLOCK FORMAT WHEN GIVEN */
 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1
# else
 /* NULL SUB EVAL LOOP SUBST BLOCK FORMAT */
 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1
# endif
};

#endif /* XSH_DEBUG */

/* push at least 'size' slots worth of padding onto the savestack */

static void su_ss_push_padding(pTHX_ void *ud, I32 size) {
#define su_ss_push_padding(U, S) su_ss_push_padding(aTHX_ (U), (S))
 if (size <= 0)
  return;

 if (size < SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1) /* minimum possible SAVEt_ALLOC */
  size = SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1;

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log(
       "%p:     push %2d padding at save_ix=%d\n",
        ud,         size,      PL_savestack_ix));

 save_alloc((size - SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE) * sizeof(*PL_savestack), 0);

 return;
}

static void su_pop(pTHX_ void *ud);

/* push an su_pop destructor onto the savestack with suitable padding.
 * first indicates that this is the first push of a destructor */

static void su_ss_push_destructor(pTHX_ void *ud, I32 depth, bool first) {
#define su_ss_push_destructor(U, D, F) su_ss_push_destructor(aTHX_ (U), (D), (F))
 su_ud_origin_elem *origin = SU_UD_ORIGIN(ud);

 assert(first || origin[depth+1].orig_ix == PL_savestack_ix);

 su_ss_push_padding(ud,
              (origin[depth].orig_ix + origin[depth].offset) - PL_savestack_ix);

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log(
       "%p:     push destructor at save_ix=%d depth=%d scope_ix=%d\n",
        ud,                   PL_savestack_ix,   depth, PL_scopestack_ix));

 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_pop, ud);

 assert(first ||
        PL_savestack_ix <= origin[depth+1].orig_ix + origin[depth+1].offset);

 return;
}

/* this is called during each leave_scope() via SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X */

static void su_pop(pTHX_ void *ud) {
#define su_pop(U) su_pop(aTHX_ (U))
 I32 depth, base, mark;
 su_ud_origin_elem *origin;

 depth  = SU_UD_DEPTH(ud);
 origin = SU_UD_ORIGIN(ud);

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("%p: ### su_pop: depth=%d\n", ud, depth));

 depth--;
 mark = PL_savestack_ix;
 base = origin[depth].orig_ix;

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("%p:     residual savestack frame is %d(+%d)..%d\n",
                      ud,                  base, origin[depth].offset, mark));

 if (base < mark) {
  XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("%p:     clear leftovers at %d..%d\n", ud, base, mark));
  leave_scope(base);
 }
 assert(PL_savestack_ix == base);

 SU_UD_DEPTH(ud) = depth;

 if (depth > 0) {
  su_ss_push_destructor(ud, depth-1, 0);
 } else {
  I32 offset = origin[0].offset; /* grab value before origin is freed */
  switch (SU_UD_TYPE(ud)) {
   case SU_UD_TYPE_REAP: {
    XSH_D(
     xsh_debug_log("%p:     === reap\n%p: depth=%d scope_ix=%d save_ix=%d\n",
                    ud, ud, SU_UD_DEPTH(ud), PL_scopestack_ix, PL_savestack_ix)
    );
    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_call, SU_UD_REAP_CB(ud));
    SU_UD_FREE(ud);
    break;
   }
   case SU_UD_TYPE_LOCALIZE:
    su_localize(ud);
    SU_UD_LOCALIZE_FREE(ud);
    break;
   case SU_UD_TYPE_UID:
    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_uid_drop, ud);
    break;
  }
  /* perl 5.23.8 onwards is very fussy about the return from leave_scope()
   * leaving PL_savestack_ix where it expects it to be */
  if (PL_savestack_ix < base + offset) {
   I32 gap = (base + offset) - PL_savestack_ix;
   assert(gap >= SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1);
   su_ss_push_padding(ud, gap);
  }
  assert(PL_savestack_ix == base + offset);
 }

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("%p:     end pop: ss_ix=%d\n", ud, PL_savestack_ix));
}

/* --- Initialize the stack and the action userdata ------------------------ */

static void su_init(pTHX_ void *ud, I32 cxix, I32 size) {
#define su_init(U, C, S) su_init(aTHX_ (U), (C), (S))
 su_ud_origin_elem *origin;
 I32                i, depth;
 I32                cur_cx_ix, cur_scope_ix;

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("%p: ### su_init(cxix=%d, size=%d)\n", ud, cxix, size));

 depth  = PL_scopestack_ix - cxstack[cxix].blk_oldscopesp;
#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
 depth += (cxstack_ix - cxix); /* each context frame holds 1 scope */
#endif
 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log(
   "%p:     going down by depth=%d with scope_ix=%d save_ix=%d\n",
    ud, depth, PL_scopestack_ix, PL_savestack_ix));

 /* Artificially increase the position of each savestack frame boundary
  * to make space to squeeze in a 'size' sized entry (first one) or a
  * SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE sized entry (higher ones). In addition, make
  * sure that each boundary is higher than the previous, so that *every*
  * scope exit triggers a call to leave_scope(). Each scope exit will call
  * the su_pop() destructor, which is responsible for: freeing any
  * savestack entries below the artificially raised floor; then pushing a
  * new destructor in that space. On the final pop, the "real" savestack
  * action is pushed rather than another destructor.
  *
  * On older perls, savestack frame boundaries are specified by a range of
  * scopestack entries (one per ENTER). Each scope entry typically does
  * one or two ENTERs followed by a PUSHBLOCK. Thus the
  * cx->blku_oldscopesp field set by the PUSHBLOCK points to the next free
  * slot, which is one above the last of the ENTERs. In the debugging
  * output we indicate that by bracketing the ENTERs directly preceding
  * that context push with dashes, e.g.:
  *
  *   13b98d8:     ------------------
  *   13b98d8:                 ENTER origin[0] scope[3] savestack=3+3
  *   13b98d8:                 ENTER origin[1] scope[4] savestack=9+3
  *   13b98d8:     cx=1  LOOP_LAZYIV
  *   13b98d8:     ------------------
  *
  * In addition to context stack pushes, other activities can push ENTERs
  * too, such as grep expr and XS sub calls.
  *
  * For newer perls (SU_HAS_NEW_CXT), a context push no longer does any
  * ENTERs; instead the old savestack position is stored in the new
  * cx->blk_oldsaveix field; thus this field specifies an additional
  * savestack frame boundary point in addition to the scopestack entries,
  * and will also need adjusting.
  *
  * We record the original and modified position of each boundary in the
  * origin array.
  *
  * The passed cxix argument represents the scope we wish to inject into;
  * we have to adjust all the savestack frame boundaries above (but not
  * including) that context.
  */

 Newx(origin, depth, su_ud_origin_elem);

 cur_cx_ix    = cxix;
 cur_scope_ix = cxstack[cxix].blk_oldscopesp;

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("%p:     cx=%-2d %-11s\n",
                      ud,   cur_cx_ix, SU_CXNAME(cxstack+cur_cx_ix)));
 cur_cx_ix++;
#endif

 for (i = 0; cur_scope_ix < PL_scopestack_ix; i++) {
  I32 *ixp;
  I32  offset;

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT

  if (cur_cx_ix <= cxstack_ix
      && cur_scope_ix == cxstack[cur_cx_ix].blk_oldscopesp)
   ixp = &(cxstack[cur_cx_ix++].blk_oldsaveix);
  else
   ixp = &PL_scopestack[cur_scope_ix++]; /* an ENTER pushed after cur context */

#else

  XSH_D({
   if (cur_cx_ix <= cxstack_ix) {
    if (cur_scope_ix == cxstack[cur_cx_ix].blk_oldscopesp) {
     xsh_debug_log("%p:     cx=%-2d %s\n%p:     ------------------\n",
                    ud,   cur_cx_ix, SU_CXNAME(cxstack+cur_cx_ix), ud);
     cur_cx_ix++;
    }
    else if (cur_scope_ix + su_cxt_enter_count[CxTYPE(cxstack+cur_cx_ix)]
             == cxstack[cur_cx_ix].blk_oldscopesp)
     xsh_debug_log("%p:     ------------------\n", ud);
   }
  });

  ixp = &PL_scopestack[cur_scope_ix++];

#endif

  if (i == 0) {
   offset = size;
  } else {
   /* we have three constraints to satisfy:
    * 1) Each adjusted offset must be at least SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE
    *    above its unadjusted boundary, so that there is space to inject a
    *    destructor into the outer scope.
    * 2) Each adjusted boundary must be at least SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE
    *    higher than the previous adjusted boundary, so that a new
    *    destructor can be added below the Nth adjusted frame boundary,
    *    but be within the (N-1)th adjusted frame and so be triggered on
    *    the next scope exit;
    * 3) If the adjustment needs to be greater than SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE,
    *    then it should be greater by an amount of at least the minimum
    *    pad side, so a destructor and padding can be pushed.
    */
   I32 pad;
   offset = SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE; /* rule 1 */
   pad    = (origin[i-1].orig_ix + origin[i-1].offset) + offset
            - (*ixp + offset);
   if (pad > 0) { /* rule 2 */
    if (pad < SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1) /* rule 3 */
     pad = SU_SAVE_ALLOC_SIZE + 1;
    offset += pad;
   }
  }

  origin[i].offset  = offset;
  origin[i].orig_ix = *ixp;
  *ixp             += offset;

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
  XSH_D({
   if (ixp == &PL_scopestack[cur_scope_ix-1])
    xsh_debug_log(
     "%p:           ENTER       origin[%d] scope[%d] savestack=%d+%d\n",
      ud, i, cur_scope_ix, origin[i].orig_ix, origin[i].offset);
   else
    xsh_debug_log(
     "%p:     cx=%-2d %-11s origin[%d] scope[%d] savestack=%d+%d\n",
      ud, cur_cx_ix-1, SU_CXNAME(cxstack+cur_cx_ix-1),
      i, cur_scope_ix, origin[i].orig_ix, origin[i].offset);
  });
#else
  XSH_D(xsh_debug_log(
    "%p:                 ENTER origin[%d] scope[%d] savestack=%d+%d\n",
     ud, i, cur_scope_ix, origin[i].orig_ix, origin[i].offset));
#endif

 }

 assert(i == depth);

 SU_UD_DEPTH(ud)  = depth;
 SU_UD_ORIGIN(ud) = origin;

 su_ss_push_destructor(ud, depth-1, 1);
}

/* --- Unwind stack -------------------------------------------------------- */

static void su_unwind(pTHX_ void *ud_) {
 dXSH_CXT;
 I32 cxix  = XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.cxix;
 I32 items = XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.items;
 I32 mark;

 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(ud_);

 PL_stack_sp = XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.savesp;
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 19, 4)
 {
  I32 i;
  SV **sp = PL_stack_sp;
  for (i = -items + 1; i <= 0; ++i)
   if (!SvTEMP(sp[i]))
    sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc(sp[i]));
 }
#endif

 if (cxstack_ix > cxix)
  dounwind(cxix);

 mark = PL_markstack[cxstack[cxix].blk_oldmarksp];
 PUSHMARK(PL_stack_sp - items);

 XSH_D({
  I32 gimme = GIMME_V;
  xsh_debug_log("%p: cx=%d gimme=%s items=%d sp=%d oldmark=%d mark=%d\n",
                &XSH_CXT, cxix,
                gimme == G_VOID ? "void" : gimme == G_ARRAY ? "list" : "scalar",
                items, PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base, *PL_markstack_ptr, mark);
 });

 PL_op = (OP *) &(XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.return_op);
 PL_op = PL_op->op_ppaddr(aTHX);

 *PL_markstack_ptr = mark;

 XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.proxy_op.op_next = PL_op;
 PL_op = &(XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.proxy_op);
}

/* --- Yield --------------------------------------------------------------- */

#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
# define SU_RETOP_SUB(C)   ((C)->blk_sub.retop)
# define SU_RETOP_EVAL(C)  ((C)->blk_eval.retop)
# define SU_RETOP_LOOP(C)  ((C)->blk_loop.my_op->op_lastop->op_next)
# define SU_RETOP_GIVEN(C) ((C)->blk_givwhen.leave_op->op_next)
#else
# define SU_RETOP_SUB(C)  ((C)->blk_oldretsp > 0 ? PL_retstack[(C)->blk_oldretsp - 1] : NULL)
# define SU_RETOP_EVAL(C) SU_RETOP_SUB(C)
# define SU_RETOP_LOOP(C) ((C)->blk_loop.last_op->op_next)
#endif

static void su_yield(pTHX_ void *ud_) {
 dXSH_CXT;
 PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
 const char   *which = ud_;
 I32 cxix      = XSH_CXT.yield_storage.cxix;
 I32 items     = XSH_CXT.yield_storage.items;
 opcode  type  = OP_NULL;
 U8      flags = 0;
 OP     *next;

 cx = cxstack + cxix;
 switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
  case CXt_BLOCK: {
   I32 i, cur = cxstack_ix, n = 1;
   OP *o = NULL;
   /* Is this actually a given/when block? This may occur only when yield was
    * called with HERE (or nothing) as the context. */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
   if (cxix > 0) {
    PERL_CONTEXT *prev = cx - 1;
    U8       prev_type = CxTYPE(prev);
    if ((prev_type == CXt_GIVEN || prev_type == CXt_WHEN)
        && (prev->blk_oldcop == cx->blk_oldcop)) {
     cxix--;
     cx = prev;
     if (prev_type == CXt_GIVEN)
      goto cxt_given;
     else
      goto cxt_when;
    }
   }
#endif
   type  = OP_LEAVE;
   next  = NULL;
   /* Bare blocks (that appear as do { ... } blocks, map { ... } blocks or
    * constant folded blcoks) don't need to save the op to return to anywhere
    * since 'last' isn't supposed to work inside them. So we climb higher in
    * the context stack until we reach a context that has a return op (i.e. a
    * sub, an eval, a format or a real loop), recording how many blocks we
    * crossed. Then we follow the op_next chain until we get to the leave op
    * that closes the original block, which we are assured to reach since
    * everything is static (the blocks we have crossed cannot be evals or
    * subroutine calls). */
   for (i = cxix + 1; i <= cur; ++i) {
    PERL_CONTEXT *cx2 = cxstack + i;
    switch (CxTYPE(cx2)) {
     case CXt_BLOCK:
      ++n;
      break;
     case CXt_SUB:
     case CXt_FORMAT:
      o = SU_RETOP_SUB(cx2);
      break;
     case CXt_EVAL:
      o = SU_RETOP_EVAL(cx2);
      break;
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
# if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 23, 8)
     case CXt_LOOP_ARY:
     case CXt_LOOP_LIST:
# else
     case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
# endif
     case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
     case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
     case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
#else
     case CXt_LOOP:
#endif
      o = SU_RETOP_LOOP(cx2);
      break;
    }
    if (o)
     break;
   }
   if (!o)
    o = PL_op;
   while (n && o) {
    /* We may find other enter/leave blocks on our way to the matching leave.
     * Make sure the depth is incremented/decremented appropriately. */
    if (o->op_type == OP_ENTER) {
     ++n;
    } else if (o->op_type == OP_LEAVE) {
     --n;
     if (!n) {
      next = o->op_next;
      break;
     }
    }
    o = o->op_next;
   }
   break;
  }
  case CXt_SUB:
  case CXt_FORMAT:
   type = OP_LEAVESUB;
   next = SU_RETOP_SUB(cx);
   break;
  case CXt_EVAL:
   type = CxTRYBLOCK(cx) ? OP_LEAVETRY : OP_LEAVEEVAL;
   next = SU_RETOP_EVAL(cx);
   break;
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
# if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 23, 8)
  case CXt_LOOP_ARY:
  case CXt_LOOP_LIST:
# else
  case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
# endif
  case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
  case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
  case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
#else
  case CXt_LOOP:
#endif
   type = OP_LEAVELOOP;
   next = SU_RETOP_LOOP(cx);
   break;
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
  case CXt_GIVEN:
cxt_given:
   type = OP_LEAVEGIVEN;
   next = SU_RETOP_GIVEN(cx);
   break;
  case CXt_WHEN:
cxt_when:
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 15, 1)
   type   = OP_LEAVEWHEN;
#else
   type   = OP_BREAK;
   flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
#endif
   next   = NULL;
   break;
#endif
  case CXt_SUBST:
   croak("%s() can't target a substitution context", which);
   break;
  default:
   croak("%s() doesn't know how to leave a %s context",
          which,                         SU_CXNAME(cxstack + cxix));
   break;
 }

 PL_stack_sp = XSH_CXT.yield_storage.savesp;
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 19, 4)
 {
  I32 i;
  SV **sp = PL_stack_sp;
  for (i = -items + 1; i <= 0; ++i)
   if (!SvTEMP(sp[i]))
    sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc(sp[i]));
 }
#endif

 if (cxstack_ix > cxix)
  dounwind(cxix);

 /* Copy the arguments passed to yield() where the leave op expects to find
  * them. */
 if (items)
  Move(PL_stack_sp - items + 1, PL_stack_base + cx->blk_oldsp + 1, items, SV *);
 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + cx->blk_oldsp + items;

 flags |= OP_GIMME_REVERSE(cx->blk_gimme);

 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.leave_op.op_type   = type;
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.leave_op.op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[type];
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.leave_op.op_flags  = flags;
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.leave_op.op_next   = next;

 PL_op = (OP *) &(XSH_CXT.yield_storage.leave_op);
 PL_op = PL_op->op_ppaddr(aTHX);

 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.proxy_op.op_next = PL_op;
 PL_op = &(XSH_CXT.yield_storage.proxy_op);
}

/* --- Uplevel ------------------------------------------------------------- */

#define SU_UPLEVEL_SAVE(f, t) STMT_START { sud->old_##f = PL_##f; PL_##f = (t); } STMT_END
#define SU_UPLEVEL_RESTORE(f) STMT_START { PL_##f = sud->old_##f; } STMT_END

static su_uplevel_ud *su_uplevel_storage_new(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_uplevel_storage_new(I) su_uplevel_storage_new(aTHX_ (I))
 su_uplevel_ud *sud;
 UV depth;
 dXSH_CXT;

 sud = XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.root;
 if (sud) {
  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.root = sud->next;
  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.count--;
 } else {
  sud = su_uplevel_ud_new();
 }

 sud->next = XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.top;
 XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.top = sud;

 depth = su_uid_depth(cxix);
 su_uid_storage_dup(&sud->tmp_uid_storage, &XSH_CXT.uid_storage, depth);
 sud->old_uid_storage = XSH_CXT.uid_storage;
 XSH_CXT.uid_storage  = sud->tmp_uid_storage;

 return sud;
}

#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 13, 7)

static void su_uplevel_storage_delete(pTHX_ su_uplevel_ud *sud) {
#define su_uplevel_storage_delete(S) su_uplevel_storage_delete(aTHX_ (S))
 dXSH_CXT;

 sud->tmp_uid_storage = XSH_CXT.uid_storage;
 XSH_CXT.uid_storage   = sud->old_uid_storage;
 {
  su_uid *map;
  STRLEN  i, alloc;
  map   = sud->tmp_uid_storage.map;
  alloc = sud->tmp_uid_storage.alloc;
  for (i = 0; i < alloc; ++i)
   map[i].flags &= ~SU_UID_ACTIVE;
 }
 XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.top = sud->next;

 if (XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.count >= SU_UPLEVEL_STORAGE_SIZE) {
  su_uplevel_ud_delete(sud);
 } else {
  sud->next = XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.root;
  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.root = sud;
  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.count++;
 }
}

#endif

static int su_uplevel_goto_static(const OP *o) {
 for (; o; o = OpSIBLING(o)) {
  /* goto ops are unops with kids. */
  if (!(o->op_flags & OPf_KIDS))
   continue;

  switch (o->op_type) {
   case OP_LEAVEEVAL:
   case OP_LEAVETRY:
    /* Don't care about gotos inside eval, as they are forbidden at run time. */
    break;
   case OP_GOTO:
    return 1;
   default:
    if (su_uplevel_goto_static(((const UNOP *) o)->op_first))
     return 1;
    break;
  }
 }

 return 0;
}

#if !SU_HAS_NEW_CXT && SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS

static int su_uplevel_goto_runops(pTHX) {
#define su_uplevel_goto_runops() su_uplevel_goto_runops(aTHX)
 register OP *op;
 dVAR;

 op = PL_op;
 do {
  if (op->op_type == OP_GOTO) {
   AV  *argarray = NULL;
   I32  cxix;

   for (cxix = cxstack_ix; cxix >= 0; --cxix) {
    const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;

    switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
     case CXt_SUB:
      if (CxHASARGS(cx)) {
       argarray = cx->blk_sub.argarray;
       goto done;
      }
      break;
     case CXt_EVAL:
     case CXt_FORMAT:
      goto done;
     default:
      break;
    }
   }

done:
   if (argarray) {
    dXSH_CXT;

    if (XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.top->cxix == cxix) {
     AV  *args  = GvAV(PL_defgv);
     I32  items = AvFILLp(args);

     av_extend(argarray, items);
     Copy(AvARRAY(args), AvARRAY(argarray), items + 1, SV *);
     AvFILLp(argarray) = items;
    }
   }
  }

  PL_op = op = op->op_ppaddr(aTHX);

#if !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 13, 0)
  PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
#endif
 } while (op);

 TAINT_NOT;

 return 0;
}

#endif /* SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS */

#define su_at_underscore(C) PadARRAY(PadlistARRAY(CvPADLIST(C))[CvDEPTH(C)])[0]

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT

static void su_uplevel_restore_new(pTHX_ void *sus_) {
 su_uplevel_ud *sud = sus_;
 PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
 I32 i;
 U8 *saved_cxtypes = sud->cxtypes;

 for (i = 0; i < sud->gap; i++) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + sud->cxix + i;
  XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("su_uplevel_restore: i=%d cxix=%d type %s => %s\n",
                      i, cx-cxstack, SU_CX_TYPENAME(CxTYPE(cx)),
                      SU_CX_TYPENAME(saved_cxtypes[i] & CXTYPEMASK)));
  cx->cx_type = saved_cxtypes[i];
 }
 Safefree(saved_cxtypes);

 /* renamed is a copy of callback, but they share the same CvPADLIST.
  * At this point any calls to renamed should have exited so that its
  * depth is back to that of of callback. At this point its safe to free
  * renamed, then undo the extra ref count that was ensuring that callback
  * remains alive
  */
 assert(sud->renamed);
 assert(sud->callback);

 CvDEPTH(sud->callback)--;
 assert(CvDEPTH(sud->callback) == CvDEPTH(sud->renamed));
 if (!CvISXSUB(sud->renamed)) {
  CvDEPTH(sud->renamed)   = 0;
  CvPADLIST(sud->renamed) = NULL;
 }
 SvREFCNT_dec(sud->renamed);
 SvREFCNT_dec(sud->callback);

 SU_UPLEVEL_RESTORE(curcop);

 su_uplevel_storage_delete(sud);

 return;
}

#else

/* 5.23.7 and earlier */

static void su_uplevel_restore_old(pTHX_ void *sus_) {
 su_uplevel_ud *sud = sus_;
 PERL_SI *cur = sud->old_curstackinfo;
 PERL_SI *si  = sud->si;

#if SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS
 if (PL_runops == su_uplevel_goto_runops)
  PL_runops = sud->old_runops;
#endif

 if (sud->callback) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + sud->cxix;
  AV     *argarray = MUTABLE_AV(su_at_underscore(sud->callback));

  /* We have to fix the pad entry for @_ in the original callback because it
   * may have been reified. */
  if (AvREAL(argarray)) {
   const I32 fill = AvFILLp(argarray);
   SvREFCNT_dec(argarray);
   argarray = newAV();
   AvREAL_off(argarray);
   AvREIFY_on(argarray);
   av_extend(argarray, fill);
   su_at_underscore(sud->callback) = MUTABLE_SV(argarray);
  } else {
   CLEAR_ARGARRAY(argarray);
  }

  /* If the old cv member is our renamed CV, it means that this place has been
   * reached without a goto() happening, and the old argarray member is
   * actually our fake argarray. Destroy it properly in that case. */
  if (cx->blk_sub.cv == sud->renamed) {
   SvREFCNT_dec(cx->blk_sub.argarray);
   cx->blk_sub.argarray = argarray;
  }

  CvDEPTH(sud->callback)--;
  SvREFCNT_dec(sud->callback);
 }

 /* Free the renamed CV. We must do it ourselves so that we can force the
  * depth to be 0, or perl would complain about it being "still in use".
  * But we *know* that it cannot be so. */
 if (sud->renamed) {
  if (!CvISXSUB(sud->renamed)) {
   CvDEPTH(sud->renamed)   = 0;
   CvPADLIST(sud->renamed) = NULL;
  }
  SvREFCNT_dec(sud->renamed);
 }

 CATCH_SET(sud->old_catch);

 SU_UPLEVEL_RESTORE(op);

 /* stack_grow() wants PL_curstack so restore the old stack first */
 if (PL_curstackinfo == si) {
  PL_curstack = cur->si_stack;
  if (sud->old_mainstack)
   SU_UPLEVEL_RESTORE(mainstack);
  SU_UPLEVEL_RESTORE(curstackinfo);

  if (sud->died) {
   CV *target = sud->target;
   I32 levels = 0, i;

   /* When we die, the depth of the target CV is not updated because of the
    * stack switcheroo. So we have to look at all the frames between the
    * uplevel call and the catch block to count how many call frames to the
    * target CV were skipped. */
   for (i = cur->si_cxix; i > sud->cxix; i--) {
    register const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + i;

    if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB) {
     if (cx->blk_sub.cv == target)
      ++levels;
    }
   }

   /* If we died, the replacement stack was already unwinded to the first
    * eval frame, and all the contexts down there were popped. We don't have
    * to pop manually any context of the original stack, because they must
    * have been in the replacement stack as well (since the second was copied
    * from the first). Thus we only have to make sure the original stack index
    * points to the context just below the first eval scope under the target
    * frame. */
   for (; i >= 0; i--) {
    register const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + i;

    switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
     case CXt_SUB:
      if (cx->blk_sub.cv == target)
       ++levels;
      break;
     case CXt_EVAL:
      goto found_it;
      break;
     default:
      break;
    }
   }

found_it:
   CvDEPTH(target) = sud->target_depth - levels;
   PL_curstackinfo->si_cxix = i - 1;

#if !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 13, 1)
   /* Since $@ was maybe localized between the target frame and the uplevel
    * call, we forcefully flush the save stack to get rid of it and then
    * reset $@ to its proper value. Note that the the call to
    * su_uplevel_restore() must happen before the "reset $@" item of the save
    * stack is processed, as uplevel was called after the localization.
    * Andrew's changes to how $@ was handled, which were mainly integrated
    * between perl 5.13.0 and 5.13.1, fixed this. */
   if (ERRSV && SvTRUE(ERRSV)) {
    register const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + i; /* This is the eval scope */
    SV *errsv = SvREFCNT_inc(ERRSV);
    PL_scopestack_ix = cx->blk_oldscopesp;
    leave_scope(PL_scopestack[PL_scopestack_ix]);
    sv_setsv(ERRSV, errsv);
    SvREFCNT_dec(errsv);
   }
#endif
  }
 }

 SU_UPLEVEL_RESTORE(curcop);

 SvREFCNT_dec(sud->target);

 PL_stack_base = AvARRAY(cur->si_stack);
 PL_stack_sp   = PL_stack_base + AvFILLp(cur->si_stack);
 PL_stack_max  = PL_stack_base + AvMAX(cur->si_stack);

 /* When an exception is thrown from the uplevel'd subroutine,
  * su_uplevel_restore() may be called by the LEAVE in die_unwind() (renamed
  * die_where() in more recent perls), which has the sad habit of keeping a
  * pointer to the current context frame across this call. This means that we
  * can't free the temporary context stack we used for the uplevel call right
  * now, or that pointer upwards would point to garbage. */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 13, 7)
 /* This issue has been fixed in perl with commit 8f89e5a9, which was made
  * public in perl 5.13.7. */
 su_uplevel_storage_delete(sud);
#else
 /* Otherwise, we just enqueue it back in the global storage list. */
 {
  dXSH_CXT;

  sud->tmp_uid_storage = XSH_CXT.uid_storage;
  XSH_CXT.uid_storage  = sud->old_uid_storage;

  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.top  = sud->next;
  sud->next = XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.root;
  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.root = sud;
  XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.count++;
 }
#endif

 return;
}

#endif

static CV *su_cv_clone(pTHX_ CV *proto, GV *gv) {
#define su_cv_clone(P, G) su_cv_clone(aTHX_ (P), (G))
 dVAR;
 CV *cv;

 cv = MUTABLE_CV(newSV_type(SvTYPE(proto)));

 CvFLAGS(cv)  = CvFLAGS(proto);
#ifdef CVf_CVGV_RC
 CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_CVGV_RC;
#endif
 CvDEPTH(cv)  = CvDEPTH(proto);
#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
 CvFILE(cv)   = CvISXSUB(proto) ? CvFILE(proto) : savepv(CvFILE(proto));
#else
 CvFILE(cv)   = CvFILE(proto);
#endif

 CvGV_set(cv, gv);
#if SU_RELEASE && XSH_HAS_PERL_EXACT(5, 21, 4)
 CvNAMED_off(cv);
#endif
 CvSTASH_set(cv, CvSTASH(proto));
 /* Commit 4c74a7df, publicized with perl 5.13.3, began to add backrefs to
  * stashes. CvSTASH_set() started to do it as well with commit c68d95645
  * (which was part of perl 5.13.7). */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 13, 3) && !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 13, 7)
 if (CvSTASH(proto))
  Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ CvSTASH(proto), MUTABLE_SV(cv));
#endif

 if (CvISXSUB(proto)) {
  CvXSUB(cv)       = CvXSUB(proto);
  CvXSUBANY(cv)    = CvXSUBANY(proto);
 } else {
  OP_REFCNT_LOCK;
  CvROOT(cv)       = OpREFCNT_inc(CvROOT(proto));
  OP_REFCNT_UNLOCK;
  CvSTART(cv)      = CvSTART(proto);
  CvPADLIST(cv)    = CvPADLIST(proto);
 }
 CvOUTSIDE(cv)     = CvOUTSIDE(proto);
#ifdef CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE
 if (!(CvFLAGS(proto) & CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE))
#endif
  SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(CvOUTSIDE(cv));
#ifdef CvOUTSIDE_SEQ
 CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(cv) = CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(proto);
#endif

 if (SvPOK(proto))
  sv_setpvn(MUTABLE_SV(cv), SvPVX_const(proto), SvCUR(proto));

#ifdef CvCONST
 if (CvCONST(cv))
  CvCONST_off(cv);
#endif

 return cv;
}

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT

/* this one-shot runops "loop" is designed to be called just before
 * execution of the first op following an uplevel()'s entersub. It gets a
 * chance to fix up the args as seen by caller(), before immediately
 * falling through to the previous runops loop. Note that pp_entersub is
 * called directly by call_sv() rather than being called from a runops
 * loop.
 */

static int su_uplevel_runops_hook_entersub(pTHX) {
 OP *op = PL_op;
 dXSH_CXT;
 su_uplevel_ud *sud = XSH_CXT.uplevel_storage.top;

 /* Create a new array containing a copy of the original sub's call args,
  * then stick it in PL_curpad[0] of the current running sub so that
  * thay will be seen by caller().
  */
 assert(sud);
 if (sud->argarray) {
  I32 fill;
  AV *av = newAV();
  AvREAL_off(av);
  AvREIFY_on(av);

  fill = AvFILLp(sud->argarray);
  if (fill >= 0) {
   av_extend(av, fill);
   Copy(AvARRAY(sud->argarray), AvARRAY(av), fill + 1, SV *);
   AvFILLp(av) = fill;
  }

#if !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 37, 10)
  /* should be referenced by PL_curpad[0] and *_ */
  assert(SvREFCNT(PL_curpad[0]) > 1);
  SvREFCNT_dec(PL_curpad[0]);
#endif

  PL_curpad[0] = (SV *) av;
 }

 /* undo the temporary runops hook and fall through to a real runops loop. */
 assert(sud->old_runops != su_uplevel_runops_hook_entersub);
 PL_runops = sud->old_runops;

 CALLRUNOPS(aTHX);

 return 0;
}

static I32 su_uplevel_new(pTHX_ CV *callback, I32 cxix, I32 args) {
#define su_uplevel_new(CB, CX, A) su_uplevel_new(aTHX_ (CB), (CX), (A))
 su_uplevel_ud *sud;
 U8 *saved_cxtypes;
 I32 i, ret;
 I32  gimme;
 CV *base_cv = cxstack[cxix].blk_sub.cv;
 dSP;

 assert(CxTYPE(&cxstack[cxix]) == CXt_SUB);

 ENTER;

 gimme = GIMME_V;

 /* At this point SP points to the top arg.
  * Shuffle the args down by one, eliminating the CV slot */
 Move(SP - args + 1, SP - args, args, SV *);
 SP--;
 PUSHMARK(SP - args);
 PUTBACK;

 sud = su_uplevel_storage_new(cxix);

 sud->cxix     = cxix;
 sud->callback = (CV *) SvREFCNT_inc_simple(callback);
 sud->renamed  = NULL;
 sud->gap      = cxstack_ix - cxix + 1;
 sud->argarray = NULL;

 Newx(saved_cxtypes, sud->gap, U8);
 sud->cxtypes = saved_cxtypes;

 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_uplevel_restore_new, sud);
 SU_UPLEVEL_SAVE(curcop, cxstack[cxix].blk_oldcop);

/* temporarily change the type of any contexts to NULL, so they're
 * invisible to caller() etc. */
 for (i = 0; i < sud->gap; i++) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix + i;
  saved_cxtypes[i] = cx->cx_type; /* save type and flags */
  XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("su_uplevel: i=%d cxix=%d type %-11s => %s\n",
        i, cx-cxstack, SU_CX_TYPENAME(CxTYPE(cx)), SU_CX_TYPENAME(CXt_NULL)));
  cx->cx_type = (CXt_NULL | CXp_SU_UPLEVEL_NULLED);
 }

 /* create a copy of the callback with a doctored name (as seen by
  * caller). It shares the padlist with callback */
 sud->renamed    = su_cv_clone(callback, CvGV(base_cv));
 sud->old_runops = PL_runops;

 if (!CvISXSUB(sud->renamed) && CxHASARGS(&cxstack[cxix])) {
  sud->argarray = (AV *) su_at_underscore(base_cv);
  assert(PL_runops != su_uplevel_runops_hook_entersub);
  /* set up a one-shot runops hook so that we can fake up the
   * args as seen by caller() on return from pp_entersub */
  PL_runops = su_uplevel_runops_hook_entersub;
 }

 CvDEPTH(callback)++; /* match what CvDEPTH(sud->renamed) is about to become */

 ret = call_sv((SV *) sud->renamed, gimme);

 LEAVE;

 return ret;
}

#else

static I32 su_uplevel_old(pTHX_ CV *callback, I32 cxix, I32 args) {
#define su_uplevel_old(CB, CX, A) su_uplevel_old(aTHX_ (CB), (CX), (A))
 su_uplevel_ud *sud;
 const PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;
 PERL_SI *si;
 PERL_SI *cur = PL_curstackinfo;
 SV **old_stack_sp;
 CV  *target;
 CV  *renamed;
 UNOP sub_op;
 I32  gimme;
 I32  old_mark, new_mark;
 I32  ret;
 dSP;

 ENTER;

 gimme = GIMME_V;
 /* Make PL_stack_sp point just before the CV. */
 PL_stack_sp -= args + 1;
 old_mark = AvFILLp(PL_curstack) = PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base;
 SPAGAIN;

 sud = su_uplevel_storage_new(cxix);

 sud->cxix     = cxix;
 sud->died     = 1;
 sud->callback = NULL;
 sud->renamed  = NULL;
 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_uplevel_restore_old, sud);

 si = sud->si;

 si->si_type    = cur->si_type;
 si->si_next    = NULL;
 si->si_prev    = cur->si_prev;
#ifdef DEBUGGING
 si->si_markoff = cx->blk_oldmarksp;
#endif

 /* Allocate enough space for all the elements of the original stack up to the
  * target context, plus the forthcoming arguments. */
 new_mark = cx->blk_oldsp;
 av_extend(si->si_stack, new_mark + 1 + args + 1);
 Copy(AvARRAY(PL_curstack), AvARRAY(si->si_stack), new_mark + 1, SV *);
 AvFILLp(si->si_stack) = new_mark;
 SU_POISON(AvARRAY(si->si_stack) + new_mark + 1, args + 1, SV *);

 /* Specialized SWITCHSTACK() */
 PL_stack_base = AvARRAY(si->si_stack);
 old_stack_sp  = PL_stack_sp;
 PL_stack_sp   = PL_stack_base + AvFILLp(si->si_stack);
 PL_stack_max  = PL_stack_base + AvMAX(si->si_stack);
 SPAGAIN;

 /* Copy the context stack up to the context just below the target. */
 si->si_cxix = (cxix < 0) ? -1 : (cxix - 1);
 if (si->si_cxmax < cxix) {
  /* The max size must be at least two so that GROW(max) = (max*3)/2 > max */
  si->si_cxmax = (cxix < 4) ? 4 : cxix;
  Renew(si->si_cxstack, si->si_cxmax + 1, PERL_CONTEXT);
 }
 Copy(cur->si_cxstack, si->si_cxstack, cxix, PERL_CONTEXT);
 SU_POISON(si->si_cxstack + cxix, si->si_cxmax + 1 - cxix, PERL_CONTEXT);

 target            = cx->blk_sub.cv;
 sud->target       = (CV *) SvREFCNT_inc(target);
 sud->target_depth = CvDEPTH(target);

 /* blk_oldcop is essentially needed for caller() and stack traces. It has no
  * run-time implication, since PL_curcop will be overwritten as soon as we
  * enter a sub (a sub starts by a nextstate/dbstate). Hence it's safe to just
  * make it point to the blk_oldcop for the target frame, so that caller()
  * reports the right file name, line number and lexical hints. */
 SU_UPLEVEL_SAVE(curcop, cx->blk_oldcop);
 /* Don't reset PL_markstack_ptr, or we would overwrite the mark stack below
  * this point. Don't reset PL_curpm either, we want the most recent matches. */

 SU_UPLEVEL_SAVE(curstackinfo, si);
 /* If those two are equal, we need to fool POPSTACK_TO() */
 if (PL_mainstack == PL_curstack)
  SU_UPLEVEL_SAVE(mainstack, si->si_stack);
 else
  sud->old_mainstack = NULL;
 PL_curstack = si->si_stack;

 renamed      = su_cv_clone(callback, CvGV(target));
 sud->renamed = renamed;

 PUSHMARK(SP);
 /* Both SP and old_stack_sp point just before the CV. */
 Copy(old_stack_sp + 2, SP + 1, args, SV *);
 SP += args;
 PUSHs((SV *) renamed);
 PUTBACK;

 Zero(&sub_op, 1, UNOP);
 sub_op.op_type  = OP_ENTERSUB;
 sub_op.op_next  = NULL;
 sub_op.op_flags = OP_GIMME_REVERSE(gimme) | OPf_STACKED;
 if (PL_DBsub)
  sub_op.op_flags |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;

 SU_UPLEVEL_SAVE(op, (OP *) &sub_op);

#if SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS
 sud->old_runops = PL_runops;
#endif

 sud->old_catch = CATCH_GET;
 CATCH_SET(TRUE);

 if ((PL_op = PL_ppaddr[OP_ENTERSUB](aTHX))) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *sub_cx = cxstack + cxstack_ix;
  AV *argarray = cx->blk_sub.argarray;

  /* If pp_entersub() returns a non-null OP, it means that the callback is not
   * an XSUB. */

  sud->callback = MUTABLE_CV(SvREFCNT_inc(callback));
  CvDEPTH(callback)++;

  if (CxHASARGS(cx) && argarray) {
   /* The call to pp_entersub() has saved the current @_ (in XS terms,
    * GvAV(PL_defgv)) in the savearray member, and has created a new argarray
    * with what we put on the stack. But we want to fake up the same arguments
    * as the ones in use at the context we uplevel to, so we replace the
    * argarray with an unreal copy of the original @_. */
   AV *av = newAV();
   AvREAL_off(av);
   AvREIFY_on(av);
   av_extend(av, AvMAX(argarray));
   AvFILLp(av) = AvFILLp(argarray);
   Copy(AvARRAY(argarray), AvARRAY(av), AvFILLp(av) + 1, SV *);
   sub_cx->blk_sub.argarray = av;
  } else {
   SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(sub_cx->blk_sub.argarray);
  }

  if (su_uplevel_goto_static(CvROOT(renamed))) {
#if SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS
   if (PL_runops != PL_runops_std) {
    if (PL_runops == PL_runops_dbg) {
     if (PL_debug)
      croak("uplevel() can't execute code that calls goto when debugging flags are set");
    } else if (PL_runops != su_uplevel_goto_runops)
     croak("uplevel() can't execute code that calls goto with a custom runloop");
   }

   PL_runops = su_uplevel_goto_runops;
#else  /* SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS */
   croak("uplevel() can't execute code that calls goto before perl 5.8");
#endif /* !SU_UPLEVEL_HIJACKS_RUNOPS */
  }

  CALLRUNOPS(aTHX);
 }

 sud->died = 0;

 ret = PL_stack_sp - (PL_stack_base + new_mark);
 if (ret > 0) {
  AV *old_stack = sud->old_curstackinfo->si_stack;

  if (old_mark + ret > AvMAX(old_stack)) {
   /* Specialized EXTEND(old_sp, ret) */
   av_extend(old_stack, old_mark + ret + 1);
   old_stack_sp = AvARRAY(old_stack) + old_mark;
  }

  Copy(PL_stack_sp - ret + 1, old_stack_sp + 1, ret, SV *);
  PL_stack_sp        += ret;
  AvFILLp(old_stack) += ret;
 }

 LEAVE;

 return ret;
}

#endif

/* --- Unique context ID --------------------------------------------------- */

static su_uid *su_uid_storage_fetch(pTHX_ UV depth) {
#define su_uid_storage_fetch(D) su_uid_storage_fetch(aTHX_ (D))
 su_uid *map;
 STRLEN  alloc;
 dXSH_CXT;

 map   = XSH_CXT.uid_storage.map;
 alloc = XSH_CXT.uid_storage.alloc;

 if (depth >= alloc) {
  STRLEN i;

  Renew(map, depth + 1, su_uid);
  for (i = alloc; i <= depth; ++i) {
   map[i].seq   = 0;
   map[i].flags = 0;
  }

  XSH_CXT.uid_storage.map   = map;
  XSH_CXT.uid_storage.alloc = depth + 1;
 }

 if (depth >= XSH_CXT.uid_storage.used)
  XSH_CXT.uid_storage.used = depth + 1;

 return map + depth;
}

static int su_uid_storage_check(pTHX_ UV depth, UV seq) {
#define su_uid_storage_check(D, S) su_uid_storage_check(aTHX_ (D), (S))
 su_uid *uid;
 dXSH_CXT;

 if (depth >= XSH_CXT.uid_storage.used)
  return 0;

 uid = XSH_CXT.uid_storage.map + depth;

 return (uid->seq == seq) && (uid->flags & SU_UID_ACTIVE);
}

static SV *su_uid_get(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_uid_get(I) su_uid_get(aTHX_ (I))
 su_uid *uid;
 SV     *uid_sv;
 UV      depth;

 depth = su_uid_depth(cxix);
 uid   = su_uid_storage_fetch(depth);

 if (!(uid->flags & SU_UID_ACTIVE)) {
  su_ud_uid *ud;

  uid->seq    = su_uid_seq_next(depth);
  uid->flags |= SU_UID_ACTIVE;

  Newx(ud, 1, su_ud_uid);
  SU_UD_TYPE(ud) = SU_UD_TYPE_UID;
  ud->idx        = depth;
  su_init(ud, cxix, SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE);
 }

 uid_sv = sv_newmortal();
 sv_setpvf(uid_sv, "%"UVuf"-%"UVuf, depth, uid->seq);

 return uid_sv;
}

#ifdef grok_number

#define su_grok_number(S, L, VP) grok_number((S), (L), (VP))

#else /* grok_number */

#define IS_NUMBER_IN_UV 0x1

static int su_grok_number(pTHX_ const char *s, STRLEN len, UV *valuep) {
#define su_grok_number(S, L, VP) su_grok_number(aTHX_ (S), (L), (VP))
 STRLEN i;
 SV *tmpsv;

 /* This crude check should be good enough for a fallback implementation.
  * Better be too strict than too lax. */
 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
  if (!isDIGIT(s[i]))
   return 0;
 }

 tmpsv = sv_newmortal();
 sv_setpvn(tmpsv, s, len);
 *valuep = sv_2uv(tmpsv);

 return IS_NUMBER_IN_UV;
}

#endif /* !grok_number */

static int su_uid_validate(pTHX_ SV *uid) {
#define su_uid_validate(U) su_uid_validate(aTHX_ (U))
 const char *s;
 STRLEN len, p = 0;
 UV depth, seq;
 int type;

 s = SvPV_const(uid, len);

 while (p < len && s[p] != '-')
  ++p;
 if (p >= len)
  croak("UID contains only one part");

 type = su_grok_number(s, p, &depth);
 if (type != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)
  croak("First UID part is not an unsigned integer");

 ++p; /* Skip '-'. As we used to have p < len, len - (p + 1) >= 0. */

 type = su_grok_number(s + p, len - p, &seq);
 if (type != IS_NUMBER_IN_UV)
  croak("Second UID part is not an unsigned integer");

 return su_uid_storage_check(depth, seq);
}

/* --- Context operations -------------------------------------------------- */

/* Remove sequences of BLOCKs having DB for stash, followed by a SUB context
 * for the debugger callback. */

static I32 su_context_skip_db(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_context_skip_db(C) su_context_skip_db(aTHX_ (C))
 I32 i;

 if (!PL_DBsub)
  return cxix;

 for (i = cxix; i > 0; --i) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + i;

  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 17, 1)
   case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
#endif
   case CXt_BLOCK:
    if (cx->blk_oldcop && CopSTASH(cx->blk_oldcop) == GvSTASH(PL_DBgv))
     continue;
    break;
   case CXt_SUB:
    if (cx->blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub)) {
     cxix = i - 1;
     continue;
    }
    break;
   default:
    break;
  }

  break;
 }

 return cxix;
}

#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT

/* convert a physical context stack index into the logical equivalent:
 * one that ignores all the context frames hidden by uplevel().
 * Perl-level functions use logical args (e.g. UP takes an optional logical
 * value and returns a logical value), while we use and store *real*
 * values internally.
 */

static I32 su_context_real2logical(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
# define su_context_real2logical(C) su_context_real2logical(aTHX_ (C))
 PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
 I32 i, gaps = 0;

 for (i = 0; i <= cxix; i++) {
  cx = cxstack + i;
  if (cx->cx_type == (CXt_NULL | CXp_SU_UPLEVEL_NULLED))
   gaps++;
 }

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("su_context_real2logical: %d => %d\n", cxix, cxix - gaps));

 return cxix - gaps;
}

/* convert a logical context stack index (one that ignores all the context
 * frames hidden by uplevel) into the physical equivalent
 */

static I32 su_context_logical2real(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
# define su_context_logical2real(C) su_context_logical2real(aTHX_ (C))
 PERL_CONTEXT *cx;
 I32 i, seen = -1;

 for (i = 0; i <= cxstack_ix; i++) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + i;
  if (cx->cx_type != (CXt_NULL | CXp_SU_UPLEVEL_NULLED))
   seen++;
  if (seen >= cxix)
   break;
 }

 XSH_D(xsh_debug_log("su_context_logical2real: %d => %d\n", cxix, i));

 if (i > cxstack_ix)
  i = cxstack_ix;

 return i;
}

#else
# define su_context_real2logical(C) (C)
# define su_context_logical2real(C) (C)
#endif

static I32 su_context_normalize_up(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_context_normalize_up(C) su_context_normalize_up(aTHX_ (C))
 PERL_CONTEXT *cx;

 if (cxix <= 0)
  return 0;

 cx = cxstack + cxix;
 if (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_BLOCK) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *prev = cx - 1;

  switch (CxTYPE(prev)) {
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
   case CXt_GIVEN:
   case CXt_WHEN:
#endif
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
   /* That's the only subcategory that can cause an extra BLOCK context */
   case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
#else
   case CXt_LOOP:
#endif
    if (cx->blk_oldcop == prev->blk_oldcop)
     return cxix - 1;
    break;
   case CXt_SUBST:
    if (cx->blk_oldcop && OpSIBLING(cx->blk_oldcop)
                       && OpSIBLING(cx->blk_oldcop)->op_type == OP_SUBST)
     return cxix - 1;
    break;
  }
 }

 return cxix;
}

static I32 su_context_normalize_down(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_context_normalize_down(C) su_context_normalize_down(aTHX_ (C))
 PERL_CONTEXT *next;

 if (cxix >= cxstack_ix)
  return cxstack_ix;

 next = cxstack + cxix + 1;
 if (CxTYPE(next) == CXt_BLOCK) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = next - 1;

  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
   case CXt_GIVEN:
   case CXt_WHEN:
#endif
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
   /* That's the only subcategory that can cause an extra BLOCK context */
   case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
#else
   case CXt_LOOP:
#endif
    if (cx->blk_oldcop == next->blk_oldcop)
     return cxix + 1;
    break;
   case CXt_SUBST:
    if (next->blk_oldcop && OpSIBLING(next->blk_oldcop)
                         && OpSIBLING(next->blk_oldcop)->op_type == OP_SUBST)
     return cxix + 1;
    break;
  }
 }

 return cxix;
}

#define su_context_here() su_context_normalize_up(su_context_skip_db(cxstack_ix))

static I32 su_context_gimme(pTHX_ I32 cxix) {
#define su_context_gimme(C) su_context_gimme(aTHX_ (C))
 I32 i;

 for (i = cxix; i >= 0; --i) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + i;

  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   /* gimme is always G_ARRAY for loop contexts. */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 11, 0)
# if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 23, 8)
   case CXt_LOOP_ARY:
   case CXt_LOOP_LIST:
# else
   case CXt_LOOP_FOR:
# endif
   case CXt_LOOP_PLAIN:
   case CXt_LOOP_LAZYSV:
   case CXt_LOOP_LAZYIV:
#else
   case CXt_LOOP:
#endif
   case CXt_SUBST: {
    const COP *cop = cx->blk_oldcop;
    if (cop && OpSIBLING(cop)) {
     switch (OpSIBLING(cop)->op_flags & OPf_WANT) {
      case OPf_WANT_VOID:
       return G_VOID;
      case OPf_WANT_SCALAR:
       return G_SCALAR;
      case OPf_WANT_LIST:
       return G_ARRAY;
      default:
       break;
     }
    }
    break;
   }
   default:
    return CxGIMME(cx);
    break;
  }
 }

 return G_VOID;
}

/* --- Module setup/teardown ----------------------------------------------- */

static void xsh_user_global_setup(pTHX) {
 HV *stash;

 MUTEX_INIT(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);

 XSH_LOCK(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);
 su_uid_seq_counter.seqs = NULL;
 su_uid_seq_counter.size = 0;
 XSH_UNLOCK(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);

 stash = gv_stashpv(XSH_PACKAGE, 1);
 newCONSTSUB(stash, "TOP",           newSViv(0));
 newCONSTSUB(stash, "SU_THREADSAFE", newSVuv(XSH_THREADSAFE));

 return;
}

static void xsh_user_local_setup(pTHX_ xsh_user_cxt_t *cxt) {

 /* NewOp() calls calloc() which just zeroes the memory with memset(). */
 Zero(&(cxt->unwind_storage.return_op), 1, LISTOP);
 cxt->unwind_storage.return_op.op_type   = OP_RETURN;
 cxt->unwind_storage.return_op.op_ppaddr = PL_ppaddr[OP_RETURN];

 Zero(&(cxt->unwind_storage.proxy_op), 1, OP);
 cxt->unwind_storage.proxy_op.op_type   = OP_STUB;
 cxt->unwind_storage.proxy_op.op_ppaddr = NULL;

 Zero(&(cxt->yield_storage.leave_op), 1, UNOP);
 cxt->yield_storage.leave_op.op_type   = OP_STUB;
 cxt->yield_storage.leave_op.op_ppaddr = NULL;

 Zero(&(cxt->yield_storage.proxy_op), 1, OP);
 cxt->yield_storage.proxy_op.op_type   = OP_STUB;
 cxt->yield_storage.proxy_op.op_ppaddr = NULL;

 cxt->uplevel_storage.top   = NULL;
 cxt->uplevel_storage.root  = NULL;
 cxt->uplevel_storage.count = 0;

 cxt->uid_storage.map   = NULL;
 cxt->uid_storage.used  = 0;
 cxt->uid_storage.alloc = 0;

 return;
}

static void xsh_user_local_teardown(pTHX_ xsh_user_cxt_t *cxt) {
 su_uplevel_ud *cur;

 Safefree(cxt->uid_storage.map);

 cur = cxt->uplevel_storage.root;
 if (cur) {
  su_uplevel_ud *prev;
  do {
   prev = cur;
   cur  = prev->next;
   su_uplevel_ud_delete(prev);
  } while (cur);
 }

 return;
}

static void xsh_user_global_teardown(pTHX) {
 XSH_LOCK(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);
 PerlMemShared_free(su_uid_seq_counter.seqs);
 su_uid_seq_counter.size = 0;
 XSH_UNLOCK(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);

 MUTEX_DESTROY(&su_uid_seq_counter_mutex);

 return;
}

/* --- XS ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

/* D is real; B is logical. Returns real. */

#define SU_GET_CONTEXT(A, B, D) \
 STMT_START {                   \
  if (items > A) {              \
   SV *csv = ST(B);             \
   if (!SvOK(csv))              \
    goto default_cx;            \
   cxix = SvIV(csv);            \
   if (cxix < 0)                \
    cxix = 0;                   \
   else if (cxix > cxstack_ix)  \
    goto default_cx;            \
   cxix = su_context_logical2real(cxix); \
  } else {                      \
default_cx:                     \
   cxix = (D);                  \
  }                             \
 } STMT_END

#define SU_GET_LEVEL(A, B) \
 STMT_START {              \
  level = 0;               \
  if (items > 0) {         \
   SV *lsv = ST(B);        \
   if (SvOK(lsv)) {        \
    level = SvIV(lsv);     \
    if (level < 0)         \
     level = 0;            \
   }                       \
  }                        \
 } STMT_END

#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
# define SU_INFO_COUNT 11
#else
# define SU_INFO_COUNT 10
#endif

XS(XS_Scope__Upper_unwind) {
#ifdef dVAR
 dVAR; dXSARGS;
#else
 dXSARGS;
#endif
 dXSH_CXT;
 I32 cxix;

 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv); /* -W */
 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(ax); /* -Wall */

 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, items - 1, cxstack_ix);
 do {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;
  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   case CXt_SUB:
    if (PL_DBsub && cx->blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
     continue;
   case CXt_EVAL:
   case CXt_FORMAT:
    XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.cxix   = cxix;
    XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.items  = items;
    XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.savesp = PL_stack_sp;
    if (items > 0) {
     XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.items--;
     XSH_CXT.unwind_storage.savesp--;
    }
    /* pp_entersub will want to sanitize the stack after returning from there
     * Screw that, we're insane!
     * dXSARGS calls POPMARK, so we need to match PL_markstack_ptr[1] */
    if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
     PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + PL_markstack_ptr[1] + 1;
    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_unwind, NULL);
    return;
   default:
    break;
  }
 } while (--cxix >= 0);
 croak("Can't return outside a subroutine");
}

static const char su_yield_name[] = "yield";

XS(XS_Scope__Upper_yield) {
#ifdef dVAR
 dVAR; dXSARGS;
#else
 dXSARGS;
#endif
 dXSH_CXT;
 I32 cxix;

 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv); /* -W */
 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(ax); /* -Wall */

 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, items - 1, su_context_here());
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.cxix   = cxix;
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.items  = items;
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.savesp = PL_stack_sp;
 if (items > 0) {
  XSH_CXT.yield_storage.items--;
  XSH_CXT.yield_storage.savesp--;
 }
 /* See XS_Scope__Upper_unwind */
 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
  PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + PL_markstack_ptr[1] + 1;
 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_yield, su_yield_name);
 return;
}

static const char su_leave_name[] = "leave";

XS(XS_Scope__Upper_leave) {
#ifdef dVAR
 dVAR; dXSARGS;
#else
 dXSARGS;
#endif
 dXSH_CXT;

 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(cv); /* -W */
 PERL_UNUSED_VAR(ax); /* -Wall */

 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.cxix   = su_context_here();
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.items  = items;
 XSH_CXT.yield_storage.savesp = PL_stack_sp;
 /* See XS_Scope__Upper_unwind */
 if (GIMME_V == G_SCALAR)
  PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + PL_markstack_ptr[1] + 1;

 SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(su_yield, su_leave_name);

 return;
}

MODULE = Scope::Upper            PACKAGE = Scope::Upper

PROTOTYPES: ENABLE

BOOT:
{
 xsh_setup();
 newXSproto("Scope::Upper::unwind", XS_Scope__Upper_unwind, file, NULL);
 newXSproto("Scope::Upper::yield",  XS_Scope__Upper_yield,  file, NULL);
 newXSproto("Scope::Upper::leave",  XS_Scope__Upper_leave,  file, NULL);
}

#if XSH_THREADSAFE

void
CLONE(...)
PROTOTYPE: DISABLE
PPCODE:
 xsh_clone();
 XSRETURN(0);

#endif /* XSH_THREADSAFE */

void
HERE()
PROTOTYPE:
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
PPCODE:
 cxix = su_context_real2logical(su_context_here());
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 mPUSHi(cxix);
 XSRETURN(1);

void
UP(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, 0, su_context_here());
 if (cxix > 0) {
  --cxix;
  cxix = su_context_skip_db(cxix);
  cxix = su_context_normalize_up(cxix);
  cxix = su_context_real2logical(cxix);
 } else {
  warn(su_stack_smash);
 }
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 mPUSHi(cxix);
 XSRETURN(1);

void
SUB(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, 0, cxstack_ix);
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 for (; cxix >= 0; --cxix) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;
  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   default:
    continue;
   case CXt_SUB:
    if (PL_DBsub && cx->blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
     continue;
    cxix = su_context_real2logical(cxix);
    mPUSHi(cxix);
    XSRETURN(1);
  }
 }
 warn(su_no_such_target, "subroutine");
 XSRETURN_UNDEF;

void
EVAL(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, 0, cxstack_ix);
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 for (; cxix >= 0; --cxix) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;
  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   default:
    continue;
   case CXt_EVAL:
    cxix = su_context_real2logical(cxix);
    mPUSHi(cxix);
    XSRETURN(1);
  }
 }
 warn(su_no_such_target, "eval");
 XSRETURN_UNDEF;

void
SCOPE(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix, level;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_LEVEL(0, 0);
 cxix = su_context_here();
 while (--level >= 0) {
  if (cxix <= 0) {
   warn(su_stack_smash);
   break;
  }
  --cxix;
  cxix = su_context_skip_db(cxix);
  cxix = su_context_normalize_up(cxix);
  cxix = su_context_real2logical(cxix);
 }
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 mPUSHi(cxix);
 XSRETURN(1);

void
CALLER(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix, level;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_LEVEL(0, 0);
 for (cxix = cxstack_ix; cxix > 0; --cxix) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;
  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   case CXt_SUB:
    if (PL_DBsub && cx->blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
     continue;
   case CXt_EVAL:
   case CXt_FORMAT:
    if (--level < 0)
     goto done;
    break;
  }
 }
done:
 if (level >= 0)
  warn(su_stack_smash);
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 cxix = su_context_real2logical(cxix);
 mPUSHi(cxix);
 XSRETURN(1);

void
want_at(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, 0, cxstack_ix);
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 while (cxix > 0) {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix--;
  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   case CXt_SUB:
    if (PL_DBsub && cx->blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
     continue;
   case CXt_EVAL:
   case CXt_FORMAT: {
    I32 gimme = cx->blk_gimme;
    switch (gimme) {
     case G_VOID:   XSRETURN_UNDEF; break;
     case G_SCALAR: XSRETURN_NO;    break;
     case G_ARRAY:  XSRETURN_YES;   break;
    }
    break;
   }
  }
 }
 XSRETURN_UNDEF;

void
context_info(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
 const PERL_CONTEXT *cx, *dbcx;
 COP *cop;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, 0, su_context_skip_db(cxstack_ix));
 cxix = su_context_normalize_up(cxix);
 cx   = cxstack + cxix;
 dbcx = cx;
 if (PL_DBsub && cxix && (CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_SUB || CxTYPE(cx) == CXt_FORMAT)) {
  I32 i = su_context_skip_db(cxix - 1) + 1;
  if (i < cxix && CxTYPE(cxstack + i) == CXt_SUB)
   cx = cxstack + i;
 }
 cop  = cx->blk_oldcop;
 EXTEND(SP, SU_INFO_COUNT);
 /* stash (0) */
 {
  HV *stash = CopSTASH(cop);
  if (stash)
   PUSHs(su_newmortal_pvn(HvNAME(stash), HvNAMELEN(stash)));
  else
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
 }
 /* file (1) */
 PUSHs(su_newmortal_pvn(OutCopFILE(cop), OutCopFILE_len(cop)));
 /* line (2) */
 mPUSHi(CopLINE(cop));
 /* subroutine (3) and has_args (4) */
 switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
  case CXt_SUB:
  case CXt_FORMAT: {
   GV *cvgv = CvGV(dbcx->blk_sub.cv);
   if (cvgv && isGV(cvgv)) {
    SV *sv = sv_newmortal();
    gv_efullname3(sv, cvgv, NULL);
    PUSHs(sv);
   } else {
    PUSHs(su_newmortal_pvs("(unknown)"));
   }
   if (CxHASARGS(cx))
    PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
   else
    PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
   break;
  }
  case CXt_EVAL:
   PUSHs(su_newmortal_pvs("(eval)"));
   mPUSHi(0);
   break;
  default:
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
 }
 /* gimme (5) */
 switch (su_context_gimme(cxix)) {
  case G_ARRAY:
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
   break;
  case G_SCALAR:
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
   break;
  default: /* G_VOID */
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
   break;
 }
 /* eval text (6) and is_require (7) */
 switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
  case CXt_EVAL:
   if (CxOLD_OP_TYPE(cx) == OP_ENTEREVAL) {
    /* eval STRING */
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 17, 4)
    PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(SvPVX(cx->blk_eval.cur_text),
                         SvCUR(cx->blk_eval.cur_text)-2,
                         SvUTF8(cx->blk_eval.cur_text)|SVs_TEMP));
#else
    PUSHs(cx->blk_eval.cur_text);
#endif
    PUSHs(&PL_sv_no);
    break;
   } else if (cx->blk_eval.old_namesv) {
    /* require */
    PUSHs(sv_mortalcopy(cx->blk_eval.old_namesv));
    PUSHs(&PL_sv_yes);
    break;
   }
   /* FALLTHROUGH */
  default:
   /* Anything else including eval BLOCK */
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
   break;
 }
 /* hints (8) */
 mPUSHi(CopHINTS_get(cop));
 /* warnings (9) */
 {
  SV *mask = NULL;
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 37, 6)
  char *old_warnings = cop->cop_warnings;
#elif XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 9, 4)
  STRLEN *old_warnings = cop->cop_warnings;
#else
  SV *old_warnings = cop->cop_warnings;
#endif
  if (old_warnings == pWARN_STD) {
   if (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON)
    goto context_info_warnings_on;
   else
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 17, 4)
    mask = &PL_sv_undef;
#else
    goto context_info_warnings_off;
#endif
  } else if (old_warnings == pWARN_NONE) {
#if !XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 17, 4)
context_info_warnings_off:
#endif
   mask = su_newmortal_pvn(WARN_NONEstring, WARNsize);
  } else if (old_warnings == pWARN_ALL) {
   HV *bits;
context_info_warnings_on:
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 8, 7)
   bits = get_hv("warnings::Bits", 0);
   if (bits) {
    SV **bits_all = hv_fetchs(bits, "all", FALSE);
    if (bits_all)
     mask = sv_mortalcopy(*bits_all);
   }
#endif
   if (!mask)
    mask = su_newmortal_pvn(WARN_ALLstring, WARNsize);
  } else {
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 37, 6)
   mask = su_newmortal_pvn((char *) old_warnings, RCPV_LEN(old_warnings));
#elif XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 9, 4)
   mask = su_newmortal_pvn((char *) (old_warnings + 1), old_warnings[0]);
#else
   mask = sv_mortalcopy(old_warnings);
#endif
  }
  PUSHs(mask);
 }
#if XSH_HAS_PERL(5, 10, 0)
 /* hints hash (10) */
 {
  COPHH *hints_hash = CopHINTHASH_get(cop);
  if (hints_hash) {
   SV *rhv = sv_2mortal(newRV_noinc((SV *) cophh_2hv(hints_hash, 0)));
   PUSHs(rhv);
  } else {
   PUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
  }
 }
#endif
 XSRETURN(SU_INFO_COUNT);

void
reap(SV *hook, ...)
PROTOTYPE: &;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
 su_ud_reap *ud;
CODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(1, 1, su_context_skip_db(cxstack_ix));
 cxix = su_context_normalize_down(cxix);
 Newx(ud, 1, su_ud_reap);
 SU_UD_TYPE(ud) = SU_UD_TYPE_REAP;
 ud->cb         = (SvROK(hook) && SvTYPE(SvRV(hook)) >= SVt_PVCV)
                  ? SvRV(hook) : hook;
 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void(ud->cb);
 su_init(ud, cxix, SU_SAVE_DESTRUCTOR_SIZE);

void
localize(SV *sv, SV *val, ...)
PROTOTYPE: $$;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
 I32 size;
 su_ud_localize *ud;
CODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(2, 2, su_context_skip_db(cxstack_ix));
 cxix = su_context_normalize_down(cxix);
 Newx(ud, 1, su_ud_localize);
 SU_UD_TYPE(ud) = SU_UD_TYPE_LOCALIZE;
 size = su_ud_localize_init(ud, sv, val, NULL);
 su_init(ud, cxix, size);

void
localize_elem(SV *sv, SV *elem, SV *val, ...)
PROTOTYPE: $$$;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
 I32 size;
 su_ud_localize *ud;
CODE:
 if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVGV)
  croak("Can't infer the element localization type from a glob and the value");
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(3, 3, su_context_skip_db(cxstack_ix));
 cxix = su_context_normalize_down(cxix);
 Newx(ud, 1, su_ud_localize);
 /* Initialize SU_UD_ORIGIN(ud) in case SU_UD_LOCALIZE_FREE(ud) needs it */
 SU_UD_ORIGIN(ud) = NULL;
 SU_UD_TYPE(ud)   = SU_UD_TYPE_LOCALIZE;
 size = su_ud_localize_init(ud, sv, val, elem);
 if (SU_UD_PRIVATE(ud) != SVt_PVAV && SU_UD_PRIVATE(ud) != SVt_PVHV) {
  SU_UD_LOCALIZE_FREE(ud);
  croak("Can't localize an element of something that isn't an array or a hash");
 }
 su_init(ud, cxix, size);

void
localize_delete(SV *sv, SV *elem, ...)
PROTOTYPE: $$;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
 I32 size;
 su_ud_localize *ud;
CODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(2, 2, su_context_skip_db(cxstack_ix));
 cxix = su_context_normalize_down(cxix);
 Newx(ud, 1, su_ud_localize);
 SU_UD_TYPE(ud) = SU_UD_TYPE_LOCALIZE;
 size = su_ud_localize_init(ud, sv, NULL, elem);
 su_init(ud, cxix, size);

void
uplevel(SV *code, ...)
PROTOTYPE: &@
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix, ret, args = 0;
PPCODE:
 if (SvROK(code))
  code = SvRV(code);
 if (SvTYPE(code) < SVt_PVCV)
  croak("First argument to uplevel must be a code reference");
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(1, items - 1, cxstack_ix);
 do {
  PERL_CONTEXT *cx = cxstack + cxix;
  switch (CxTYPE(cx)) {
   case CXt_EVAL:
    croak("Can't uplevel to an eval frame");
   case CXt_FORMAT:
    croak("Can't uplevel to a format frame");
   case CXt_SUB:
    if (PL_DBsub && cx->blk_sub.cv == GvCV(PL_DBsub))
     continue;
    if (items > 1) {
     PL_stack_sp--;
     args = items - 2;
    }
    /* su_uplevel() takes care of extending the stack if needed. */
#if SU_HAS_NEW_CXT
    ret = su_uplevel_new((CV *) code, cxix, args);
#else
    ret = su_uplevel_old((CV *) code, cxix, args);
#endif
    XSRETURN(ret);
   default:
    break;
  }
 } while (--cxix >= 0);
 croak("Can't uplevel outside a subroutine");

void
uid(...)
PROTOTYPE: ;$
PREINIT:
 I32 cxix;
 SV *uid;
PPCODE:
 SU_GET_CONTEXT(0, 0, su_context_here());
 uid = su_uid_get(cxix);
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 PUSHs(uid);
 XSRETURN(1);

void
validate_uid(SV *uid)
PROTOTYPE: $
PREINIT:
 SV *ret;
PPCODE:
 ret = su_uid_validate(uid) ? &PL_sv_yes : &PL_sv_no;
 EXTEND(SP, 1);
 PUSHs(ret);
 XSRETURN(1);