|  line  | 
 stmt  | 
 bran  | 
 cond  | 
 sub  | 
 pod  | 
 time  | 
 code  | 
| 
1
 | 
  
 
  
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 | 
 package Option::Option;  | 
| 
2
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
3
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 =pod  | 
| 
4
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    | 
| 
5
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 =head1 NAME  | 
| 
6
 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
7
 | 
 
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 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
 Option::Option  | 
| 
8
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
9
 | 
 
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 =head1 SYNOPSIS  | 
| 
10
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    | 
| 
11
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 | 
 Provides objects that can hold results that can be unwrapped  | 
| 
12
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
 similar to Rust  | 
| 
13
 | 
 
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 | 
 
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    | 
| 
14
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 | 
     use Option::Option;  | 
| 
15
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 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
16
 | 
 
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 | 
 
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 | 
     my $option = Option::Option->new("something");  | 
| 
17
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    | 
| 
18
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 | 
 
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 | 
     # This croaks:  | 
| 
19
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     print $var;  | 
| 
20
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    | 
| 
21
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 | 
     # This works  | 
| 
22
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 | 
 
 | 
     my $var = $option->unwrap();  | 
| 
23
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 | 
 
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 | 
     print $var;  | 
| 
24
 | 
 
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 | 
 
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    | 
| 
25
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 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
     # This also works and has a helpful error message  | 
| 
26
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
     my $var = $option->expect("get my something");  | 
| 
27
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
     print $var;  | 
| 
28
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 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
29
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 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
 =head1 AUTHOR  | 
| 
30
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    | 
| 
31
 | 
 
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 | 
 
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 | 
 Lee Katz  | 
| 
32
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
33
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
 =head1 METHODS  | 
| 
34
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
    | 
| 
35
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
 =cut  | 
| 
36
 | 
 
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    | 
| 
37
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
1558
 | 
 use strict;  | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
3
 | 
    | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
54
 | 
    | 
| 
38
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
9
 | 
 use warnings;  | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
4
 | 
    | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
54
 | 
    | 
| 
39
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
9
 | 
 use Carp qw/confess croak/;  | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
3
 | 
    | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
111
 | 
    | 
| 
40
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
26
 | 
 use overload '""' => 'toString';  | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
6
 | 
    | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
20
 | 
    | 
| 
41
 | 
 
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 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
42
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
125
 | 
 use Exporter qw/import/;  | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
3
 | 
    | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
76
 | 
    | 
| 
43
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
44
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
802
 | 
 use version;  | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
3025
 | 
    | 
| 
 
 | 
1
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
5
 | 
    | 
| 
45
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 our $VERSION = version->declare("0.1");  | 
| 
46
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
47
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =pod  | 
| 
48
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
49
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =over  | 
| 
50
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
51
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =item new()  | 
| 
52
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
53
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 Creates a new object with a variable  | 
| 
54
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
55
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =cut  | 
| 
56
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
57
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 sub new{  | 
| 
58
 | 
13
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
13
  
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
7078
 | 
   my($class, $var) = @_;  | 
| 
59
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
60
 | 
13
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
30
 | 
   my $self = {  | 
| 
61
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     var => $var,  | 
| 
62
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   };  | 
| 
63
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
64
 | 
13
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
21
 | 
   bless($self, $class);  | 
| 
65
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
66
 | 
13
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
22
 | 
   return $self;  | 
| 
67
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 }  | 
| 
68
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
69
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =pod  | 
| 
70
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
71
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =item unwrap()  | 
| 
72
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
73
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 Checks if the variable is defined and if it is, returns it.  | 
| 
74
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 If not defined, croaks.  | 
| 
75
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
76
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =back  | 
| 
77
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
78
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =cut  | 
| 
79
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
80
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 sub unwrap{  | 
| 
81
 | 
13
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
13
  
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
33
 | 
   my($self) = @_;  | 
| 
82
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
83
 | 
13
 | 
  
 50
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
49
 | 
   if(!defined($$self{var})){  | 
| 
84
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
0
 | 
     croak("Variable not defined");  | 
| 
85
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   }  | 
| 
86
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
87
 | 
13
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
21
 | 
   return $$self{var};  | 
| 
88
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 }  | 
| 
89
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
90
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =pod  | 
| 
91
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
92
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =over  | 
| 
93
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
94
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =item expect($msg)  | 
| 
95
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
96
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 Checks if the variable is defined and if it is, returns it.  | 
| 
97
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 If not defined, croaks with error message.  | 
| 
98
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
99
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =back  | 
| 
100
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
101
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =cut  | 
| 
102
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
103
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 sub expect{  | 
| 
104
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
   my($self, $msg) = @_;  | 
| 
105
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     | 
| 
106
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
  
  0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   if(!defined($$self{var})){  | 
| 
107
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     croak("Variable not defined: $msg");  | 
| 
108
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   }  | 
| 
109
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
110
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   return $$self{var};  | 
| 
111
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 }  | 
| 
112
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
113
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =pod  | 
| 
114
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
115
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =over   | 
| 
116
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
117
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =item toString()  | 
| 
118
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
119
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 Dies with an error message, describing that the object was attempted to be used  | 
| 
120
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 in a scalar context without unwrapping.  | 
| 
121
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 This subroutine is not meant to be used directly.  | 
| 
122
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
123
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     my $var = Option::Option->new("something");  | 
| 
124
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     my $concat = $var . " wicked this way comes";  | 
| 
125
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     # dies with error message during the concatenation  | 
| 
126
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
127
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =back  | 
| 
128
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
129
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 =cut  | 
| 
130
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    | 
| 
131
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 sub toString{  | 
| 
132
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
  
1
  
 | 
 
 | 
   my($self) = @_;  | 
| 
133
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     | 
| 
134
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   my $var = $$self{var};  | 
| 
135
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
  
  0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   if(!defined($var)){  | 
| 
136
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     $var = "UNDEFINED";  | 
| 
137
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   }  | 
| 
138
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
  
  0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   if(length($var) > 30){  | 
| 
139
 | 
  
0
  
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     $var = substr($var, 0, 27)."...";  | 
| 
140
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   }  | 
| 
141
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
     | 
| 
142
 | 
0
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
   confess("Attempt to use a ".ref($self)." object whose value is `$var`");  | 
| 
143
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 }  | 
| 
144
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 1;  | 
| 
145
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
 
 | 
    |