File Coverage

blib/lib/Image/ExifTool/DJI.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	21	47	44.6
branch	0	8	0.0
condition	0	11	0.0
subroutine	7	9	77.7
pod	0	2	0.0
total	28	77	36.3

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# File:         DJI.pm
#
# Description:  DJI Phantom maker notes tags
#
# Revisions:    2016-07-25 - P. Harvey Created
#               2017-06-23 - PH Added XMP tags
#               2024-12-04 - PH Added protobuf tags
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

package Image::ExifTool::DJI;

use strict;
use vars qw($VERSION %knownProtocol);
use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
use Image::ExifTool::XMP;
use Image::ExifTool::GPS;
use Image::ExifTool::Protobuf;

$VERSION = '1.18';

sub ProcessDJIInfo($$$);
sub ProcessSettings($$$);

%knownProtocol = (
    'dvtm_ac203.proto' => 1,        # Osmo Action 4
    'dvtm_ac204.proto' => 1,        # Osmo Action 5
    'dvtm_ac206.proto' => 1,        # Osmo Action 6
    'dvtm_AVATA2.proto' => 1,       # Avata 2
    'dvtm_wm265e.proto' => 1,       # Mavic 3
    'dvtm_pm320.proto' => 1,        # Matrice 30
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro.proto' => 1,    # Mini 4
    'dvtm_dji_neo.proto' => 1,      # Neo
    'dvtm_Air3.proto' => 1,         # Air 3
    'dvtm_Air3s.proto' => 1,        # Air 3s
    'dvtm_PP-101.proto' => 1,       # Osmo Pocket 3
    'dvtm_oq101.proto' => 1,        # Osmo 360
    'dvtm_wa345e.proto' => 1,       # Matrice 4E
    'dvtm_wm261.proto' => 1,        # Mavic 3 Pro
    'dvtm_Mavic4.proto' => 1,       # Mavic 4 Pro
    'dvtm_Mini5Pro.proto' => 1,     # Mini 5 Pro
# dvtm_wm169.proto seems to be DJI O3 but the structure is unknown
);


my %convFloat2 = (
    PrintConv => 'sprintf("%+.2f", $val)',
    PrintConvInv => '$val',
);

# DJI maker notes (ref PH, mostly educated guesses based on DJI QuickTime::UserData tags)
%Image::ExifTool::DJI::Main = (
    WRITE_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::WriteExif,
    CHECK_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Exif::CheckExif,
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Camera' },
    NOTES => q{
        This table lists tags found in the maker notes of images from some DJI
        Phantom drones.
    },
    0x01 => { Name => 'Make',       Writable => 'string' },
  # 0x02 - int8u[4]: "1 0 0 0", "1 1 0 0"
    0x03 => { Name => 'SpeedX',     Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 }, # (guess)
    0x04 => { Name => 'SpeedY',     Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 }, # (guess)
    0x05 => { Name => 'SpeedZ',     Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 }, # (guess)
    0x06 => { Name => 'Pitch',      Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 },
    0x07 => { Name => 'Yaw',        Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 },
    0x08 => { Name => 'Roll',       Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 },
    0x09 => { Name => 'CameraPitch',Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 },
    0x0a => { Name => 'CameraYaw',  Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 },
    0x0b => { Name => 'CameraRoll', Writable => 'float', %convFloat2 },
);

# DJI debug maker notes
%Image::ExifTool::DJI::Info = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessDJIInfo,
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'MakerNotes', 2 => 'Camera' },
    NOTES => 'Tags written by some DJI drones.',
    VARS => { LONG_TAGS => 2 },
    ae_dbg_info         => { Name => 'AEDebugInfo' },
    ae_histogram_info   => { Name => 'AEHistogramInfo' },
    ae_local_histogram  => { Name => 'AELocalHistogram' },
    ae_liveview_histogram_info  => { Name => 'AELiveViewHistogramInfo' },
    ae_liveview_local_histogram => { Name => 'AELiveViewLocalHistogram' },
    awb_dbg_info        => { Name => 'AWBDebugInfo' },
    af_dbg_info         => { Name => 'AFDebugInfo' },
    hiso                => { Name => 'Histogram' },
    xidiri              => { Name => 'Xidiri' },
   'GimbalDegree(Y,P,R)'=> { Name => 'GimbalDegree' },
   'FlightDegree(Y,P,R)'=> { Name => 'FlightDegree' },
    adj_dbg_info        => { Name => 'ADJDebugInfo' },
    sensor_id           => { Name => 'SensorID' },
   'FlightSpeed(X,Y,Z)' => { Name => 'FlightSpeed' },
    hyperlapse_dbg_info => { Name => 'HyperlapsDebugInfo' },
);

# thermal parameters in APP4 of DJI ZH20T images (ref forum11401)
%Image::ExifTool::DJI::ThermalParams = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'APP4', 2 => 'Image' },
    NOTES => 'Thermal parameters extracted from APP4 of DJI RJPEG files from the ZH20T.',
  # 0x00 - 0xaa551206 - temperature header magic number
    0x24 => { Name => 'K1', Format => 'float' },
    0x28 => { Name => 'K2', Format => 'float' },
    0x2c => { Name => 'K3', Format => 'float' },
    0x30 => { Name => 'K4', Format => 'float' },
    0x34 => { Name => 'KF', Format => 'float' },
    0x38 => { Name => 'B1', Format => 'float' },
    0x3c => { Name => 'B2', Format => 'float' },
    0x44 => { Name => 'ObjectDistance',     Format => 'int16u' },
    0x46 => { Name => 'RelativeHumidity',   Format => 'int16u' },
    0x48 => { Name => 'Emissivity',         Format => 'int16u' },
    0x4a => { Name => 'Reflection',         Format => 'int16u',  },
    0x4c => { Name => 'AmbientTemperature', Format => 'int16u' }, # (aka D1)
    0x50 => { Name => 'D2', Format => 'int32s' },
    0x54 => { Name => 'KJ', Format => 'int16u' },
    0x56 => { Name => 'DB', Format => 'int16u' },
    0x58 => { Name => 'KK', Format => 'int16u' },
  # 0x500 - 0x55aa1206 - device header magic number
    # (nothing yet decoded from device header)
);

# thermal parameters in APP4 of DJI M3T, H20N, M2EA and some M30T images (ref PH/forum11401)
%Image::ExifTool::DJI::ThermalParams2 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'APP4', 2 => 'Image' },
    NOTES => 'Thermal parameters extracted from APP4 of DJI M3T RJPEG files.',
    0x00 => { Name => 'AmbientTemperature',  Format => 'float', PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f C",$val)' }, # (NC)
    0x04 => { Name => 'ObjectDistance',      Format => 'float', PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f m",$val)' },
    0x08 => { Name => 'Emissivity',          Format => 'float', PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.2f",$val)' },
    0x0c => { Name => 'RelativeHumidity',    Format => 'float', PrintConv => 'sprintf("%g %%",$val*100)' },
    0x10 => { Name => 'ReflectedTemperature',Format => 'float', PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f C",$val)' },
    0x65 => { Name => 'IDString',            Format => 'string[16]' }, # (NC)
);

# thermal parameters in APP4 of some DJI M30T images (ref PH)
%Image::ExifTool::DJI::ThermalParams3 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'APP4', 2 => 'Image' },
    NOTES => 'Thermal parameters extracted from APP4 of some DJI RJPEG files.',
  # 0x00 - 0xaa553800 - params3 magic number
    0x04 => { Name => 'RelativeHumidity',    Format => 'int16u' },
    0x06 => { Name => 'ObjectDistance',      Format => 'int16u', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
    0x08 => { Name => 'Emissivity',          Format => 'int16u', ValueConv => '$val / 100' },
    0x0a => { Name => 'ReflectedTemperature',Format => 'int16u', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
);

%Image::ExifTool::DJI::XMP = (
    %Image::ExifTool::XMP::xmpTableDefaults,
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'XMP', 1 => 'XMP-drone-dji', 2 => 'Location' },
    NAMESPACE => 'drone-dji',
    TABLE_DESC => 'XMP DJI',
    VARS => { ID_FMT => 'none' },
    NOTES => 'XMP tags used by DJI for images from drones.',
    AbsoluteAltitude  => { Writable => 'real' },
    RelativeAltitude  => { Writable => 'real' },
    GimbalRollDegree  => { Writable => 'real' },
    GimbalYawDegree   => { Writable => 'real' },
    GimbalPitchDegree => { Writable => 'real' },
    FlightRollDegree  => { Writable => 'real' },
    FlightYawDegree   => { Writable => 'real' },
    FlightPitchDegree => { Writable => 'real' },
    GpsLatitude => {
        Name => 'GPSLatitude',
        Writable => 'real',
        Avoid => 1,
        PrintConv    => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "N")',
        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val, 1, "lat")',
    },
    GpsLongtitude => { # [sic] (misspelt in DJI original file)
        Name => 'GPSLongtitude',
        Writable => 'real',
        Avoid => 1, # (in case someone tries to write "GPSLong*")
        PrintConv    => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "E")',
        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val, 1, "lon")',
    },
    GpsLongitude => { #PH (NC)
        Name => 'GPSLongitude',
        Writable => 'real',
        Avoid => 1,
        PrintConv    => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "E")',
        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val, 1, "lon")',
    },
    FlightXSpeed  => { Writable => 'real' },
    FlightYSpeed  => { Writable => 'real' },
    FlightZSpeed  => { Writable => 'real' },
    CamReverse    => { }, # integer?
    GimbalReverse => { }, # integer?
    SelfData      => { Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
    CalibratedFocalLength    => { Writable => 'real', Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
    CalibratedOpticalCenterX => { Writable => 'real', Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
    CalibratedOpticalCenterY => { Writable => 'real', Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
    RtkFlag       => { }, # integer?
    RtkStdLon     => { Writable => 'real' },
    RtkStdLat     => { Writable => 'real' },
    RtkStdHgt     => { Writable => 'real' },
    DewarpData    => { Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
    DewarpFlag    => { Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } }, # integer?
    Latitude => {
        Name => 'Latitude',
        Writable => 'real',
        PrintConv    => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "N")',
        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val, 1, "lat")',
    },
    Longitude => {
        Name => 'Longitude',
        Writable => 'real',
        PrintConv    => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "E")',
        PrintConvInv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDegrees($val, 1, "lon")',
    },
);

%Image::ExifTool::DJI::Glamour = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'QuickTime', 1 => 'DJI', 2 => 'Image' },
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::DJI::ProcessSettings,
    NOTES => 'Glamour settings used by some DJI models.',
    beauty_enable   => 'BeautyEnable',
    smoother        => 'Smoother',
    whitening       => 'Whitening',
    face_slimming   => 'FaceSlimming',
    eye_enlarge     => 'EyeEnlarge',
    nose_slimming   => 'NoseSlimming',
    mouth_beautify  => 'MouthModify',
    teeth_whitening => 'TeethWhitening',
    leg_longer      => 'LegLonger',
    head_shrinking  => 'HeadShrinking',
    lipstick        => 'Lipstick',
    blush           => 'Blush',
    dark_circle     => 'DarkCircle',
    acne_spot_removal=>'AcneSpotRemoval',
    eyebrows        => 'Eyebrows',
);

# metadata in protobuf format (djmd and dbgi meta types, ref PH)
%Image::ExifTool::DJI::Protobuf = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'Protobuf', 1 => 'DJI', 2 => 'Camera' },
    TAG_PREFIX => '',
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Protobuf::ProcessProtobuf,
    NOTES => q{
        Tags found in protobuf-format DJI djmd and dbgi timed metadata.  The known
        tags listed below are extracted by default, but unknown djmd tags may be
        extracted as well by setting the Unknown option to 1, or 2 to also extract
        unknown dbgi debug tags.  Tag ID's are composed of the corresponding .proto
        file name combined with the hierarchical protobuf field numbers.

        ExifTool currently extracts timed GPS plus a few other tags from DJI devices
        which use the following protocols:  dvtm_AVATA2.proto (Avata 2),
        dvtm_ac203.proto (Osmo Action 4), dvtm_ac204.proto (Osmo Action 5),
        dvtm_ac206.proto (Osmo Action 6),dvtm_wm265e.proto (Mavic 3),
        dvtm_pm320.proto (Matrice 30), dvtm_Mini4_Pro.proto (Mini 4 Pro),
        dvtm_dji_neo.proto (DJI Neo), dvtm_Air3.proto (Air 3), dvtm_Air3s.proto (Air
        3s), dvtm_PP-101.proto (Osmo Pocket 3), dvtm_oq101.proto (Osmo 360),
        dvtm_wa345e.proto (Matrice 4E), dvtm_wm261.proto (Mavic 3 Pro),
        dvtm_Mavic4.proto (Mavic 4 Pro) and dvtm_Mini5Pro.proto (Mini 5 Pro).

        Note that with the protobuf format, numerical tags missing from the output
        for a given protocol should be considered to have the default value of 0.
    },
    Protocol => {
        Notes => "typically protobuf field 1-1-1, but ExifTool doesn't rely on this",
        RawConv => q{
            unless ($Image::ExifTool::DJI::knownProtocol{$val} or $val =~ /^dbginfo/) {
                $self->Warn("Unknown protocol $val (please submit sample for testing)");
            }
            return $val;
        },
    },
#
# Osmo Action 4
#
    'dvtm_ac203_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Osmo Action 4' }, # (NC)
   # dvtm_ac203_1-1-6 - some version number
    'dvtm_ac203_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_ac203_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_ac203_3-2-2-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_ac203_3-2-4-1' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_ac203_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' }, # (NC)
   # dvtm_ac203_3-2-9-1 - looks like Z accerometer measurement, but 2 and 3 don't look like other components
    'dvtm_ac203_3-2-10-2' => { Name => 'AccelerometerX', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) left/right
    'dvtm_ac203_3-2-10-3' => { Name => 'AccelerometerY', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) front/back
    'dvtm_ac203_3-2-10-4' => { Name => 'AccelerometerZ', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) up/down
   # dvtm_ac203_3-4-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_ac203_3-4-2-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_ac203_3-4-2-2' => {
        Name => 'GPSAltitude',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1000',
    },
    'dvtm_ac203_3-4-2-6-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSDateTime',
        Format => 'string',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSDateTime} = $val',
        ValueConv => '$val =~ tr/-/:/; $val',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
#
# Osmo Action 5
#
    'dvtm_ac204_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Osmo Action 5' }, # (NC)
   # dvtm_ac204_1-1-6 - some version number
    'dvtm_ac204_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_ac204_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_ac204_3-2-4-1' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_ac204_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_ac204_3-2-10-2' => { Name => 'AccelerometerX', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) left/right
    'dvtm_ac204_3-2-10-3' => { Name => 'AccelerometerY', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) front/back
    'dvtm_ac204_3-2-10-4' => { Name => 'AccelerometerZ', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) up/down
   # dvtm_ac204_3-4-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_ac204_3-4-2-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_ac204_3-4-2-2' => {
        Name => 'GPSAltitude',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1000',
    },
    'dvtm_ac204_3-4-2-6-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSDateTime',
        Format => 'string',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSDateTime} = $val',
        ValueConv => '$val =~ tr/-/:/; $val',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
#
# Osmo Action 6 (same as Action 5)
#
    'dvtm_ac206_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Osmo Action 6' }, # (NC)
   # dvtm_ac206_1-1-6 - some version number
    'dvtm_ac206_1-1-10' => 'Model',
   # dvtm_ac206_2-1-3 - 'video'
    'dvtm_ac206_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_ac206_3-2-4-1' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_ac206_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_ac206_3-2-10-2' => { Name => 'AccelerometerX', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) left/right
    'dvtm_ac206_3-2-10-3' => { Name => 'AccelerometerY', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) front/back
    'dvtm_ac206_3-2-10-4' => { Name => 'AccelerometerZ', Format => 'float' } , # (NC) up/down
   # dvtm_ac206_3-4-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_ac206_3-4-2-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_ac206_3-4-2-2' => {
        Name => 'GPSAltitude',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1000',
    },
    'dvtm_ac206_3-4-2-6-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSDateTime',
        Format => 'string',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSDateTime} = $val',
        ValueConv => '$val =~ tr/-/:/; $val',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
#
# Avata 2
#
   # dvtm_AVATA2_1-1-2 - some version number
   # dvtm_AVATA2_1-1-3 - some version number
    'dvtm_AVATA2_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Avata 2' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_AVATA2_1-1-10' => 'Model',
   # dvtm_AVATA2_2-2-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_AVATA2_2-2-3-1' => 'SerialNumber2', # (NC)
    'dvtm_AVATA2_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
   # dvtm_AVATA2_3-1-1 - frame number (starting at 1)
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-1-2' => { # (also 3-2-1-6 and 3-4-1-6)
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        # milliseconds, but I don't know what the zero is
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
   # dvtm_AVATA2_3-2-1-4 - model code?
   # dvtm_AVATA2_3-2-1-5 - frame rate?
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-2-2-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-2-4-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-2-10-1' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
   # dvtm_AVATA2_3-4-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-4-3' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-4-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-4-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_AVATA2_3-4-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
#
# Mavic 3
#
    'dvtm_wm265e_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Mavic 3' }, # (confirmed)
    'dvtm_wm265e_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_wm265e_2-2' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
   # dvtm_wm265e_3-2-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-2-2-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-2-3-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
   # dvtm_wm265e_3-2-5-1 - unknown rational (xxxx / 1000)
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'DigitalZoom', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_wm265e_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
#
# Matrice 30
#
    'dvtm_pm320_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Matrice 30' },
    'dvtm_pm320_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_pm320_2-2' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-2-2-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-2-3-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-2-4-1' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'DigitalZoom', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_pm320_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
#
# Mini 4 Pro
#
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Mini 4 Pro' },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-2-7-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-2-10-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-2-11-1' => {
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-2-32-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-2-37-1' => { Name => 'Temperature', Format => 'float' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mini4_Pro_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
#
# DJI Neo (very similar to AVATA2)
#
   # dvtm_dji_neo_1-1-2 - some version number
   # dvtm_dji_neo_1-1-3 - some version number
    'dvtm_dji_neo_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'DJI Neo' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_dji_neo_1-1-10' => 'Model',
   # dvtm_dji_neo_2-2-1-4 - model code?
   # dvtm_dji_neo_2-2-2-1 - some firmware version?
   # dvtm_dji_neo_2-2-2-2 - some version number?
    'dvtm_dji_neo_2-2-3-1' => 'SerialNumber2', # (NC)
    'dvtm_dji_neo_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
   # dvtm_dji_neo_3-1-1 - frame number (starting at 1)
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-1-2' => { # (also 3-2-1-6 and 3-4-1-6)
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        # milliseconds, but I don't know what the zero is
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
   # dvtm_dji_neo_3-2-1-4 - model code?
   # dvtm_dji_neo_3-2-1-5 - frame rate?
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-2-2-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-2-4-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-2-10-1' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
   # dvtm_dji_neo_3-4-1-4 - model code?
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-4-3' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-4-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_dji_neo_3-4-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
#
# Air 3
#
    'dvtm_Air3_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Air 3' },
    'dvtm_Air3_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-2-7-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-2-10-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-2-32-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-2-11-1' => {
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_Air3_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
#
# Air 3s (same structure as Air 3)
#
    'dvtm_Air3s_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Air 3s' },
    'dvtm_Air3s_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-2-7-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-2-10-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-2-32-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-2-11-1' => {
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_Air3s_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
#
# Osmo 360 (similar to Action 4/5)
#
    'dvtm_oq101_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Osmo 360' },
    'dvtm_oq101_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_oq101_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-2-3-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-2-4-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-2-6-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' },
    'dvtm_oq101_1-14-1' => {
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-4-2-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-4-2-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-4-2-6-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSDateTime',
        Format => 'string',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSDateTime} = $val',
        ValueConv => '$val =~ tr/-/:/; $val',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-2-10-2' => { Name => 'AccelerometerX', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-2-10-3' => { Name => 'AccelerometerY', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_oq101_3-2-10-4' => { Name => 'AccelerometerZ', Format => 'float' },
#
# Osmo Pocket 3
#
    'dvtm_PP-101_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Osmo Pocket 3' },
    'dvtm_PP-101_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_PP-101_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_PP-101_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
    'dvtm_PP-101_3-2-9-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_PP-101_3-2-10-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_PP-101_3-2-24-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' },
#
# Matrice 4E
#
    'dvtm_wa345e_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Matrice 4E' },
    'dvtm_wa345e_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_wa345e_2-2' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wa345e_3-3-4-6-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSDateTime',
        Format => 'string',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSDateTime} = $val',
        ValueConv => '$val =~ tr/-/:/; $val',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
#
# Mavic 3 Pro
#
    'dvtm_wm261_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Mavic 3 Pro' },
    'dvtm_wm261_1-1-10' => 'Model',
    'dvtm_wm261_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-2-9-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-2-10-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-2-11-1'=> {
        Name => 'FNumber',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-3-3' => {
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-4-3' => {
        Name => 'GimbalInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_wm261_3-3-4-6-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSDateTime',
        Format => 'string',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSDateTime} = $val',
        ValueConv => '$val =~ tr/-/:/; $val',
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
    },
#
# Mavic 4 Pro
#
    'dvtm_Mavic4_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Mavic 4 Pro' },
    'dvtm_Mavic4_1-1-10' => 'Model',
   # dvtm_Mavic4_2-2-1-4 - model code?
   # dvtm_Mavic4_2-2-1-5 - frame rate again
    'dvtm_Mavic4_2-3' => {
        Name => 'FrameInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-1-2' => {
        Name => 'TimeStamp',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'unsigned',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1e6',
    },
   # dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-1-4 - string: model code?
   # dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-1-5 - float: frame rate again
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-9-1' => { Name => 'ISO', Format => 'float' },
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-10-1' => {
        Name => 'ShutterSpeed',
        Format => 'rational',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
    },
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-24-1' => { Name => 'ColorTemperature', Format => 'unsigned' },
   # dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-32-1 - unsigned: color temperature again
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-2-37-1' => { Name => 'Temperature', Format => 'float' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-3-3' => { # (NC)
        Name => 'DroneInfo',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        Condition => '$$self{CoordUnits} = 1', # (stores in degrees)
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mavic4_3-3-5-1' => { Name => 'RelativeAltitude', Format => 'float', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
   # dvtm_Mavic4_3-4-1-4 - string: model code?
#
# Mini 5 Pro
#
    'dvtm_Mini5Pro_1-1-5' => { Name => 'SerialNumber', Notes => 'Mini 5 Pro' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mini5Pro_1-1-10' => 'Model', # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mini5Pro_3-2-37-1' => { Name => 'Temperature', Format => 'float' }, # (NC)
    'dvtm_Mini5Pro_3-3-4-1' => {
        Name => 'GPSInfo',
        Condition => '$$self{CoordUnits} = 1', # (NC)
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo' },
    },
    'dvtm_Mini5Pro_3-3-4-2' => { Name => 'AbsoluteAltitude', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 1000' }, # (NC)
);

# debug info (not yet extracted)
# Mavic 4 Pro (ref forum17855)
# dbginfo_wa341_2-1-29-12 - Absolute Altitude
# dbginfo_wa341_2-1-29-14 - Relative Altitude
# dbginfo_wa341_2-1-29-16 - VPS Height (Ultrasonic)
# dbginfo_wa341_2-1-4-200-198 - Sensor Temperature

%Image::ExifTool::DJI::DroneInfo = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'Protobuf', 1 => 'DJI', 2 => 'Camera' },
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Protobuf::ProcessProtobuf,
    VARS => { ID_FMT => 'dec', ID_LABEL => 'Field #' },
    1 => { Name => 'DroneRoll',  Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
    2 => { Name => 'DronePitch', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
    3 => { Name => 'DroneYaw',   Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
);

%Image::ExifTool::DJI::GimbalInfo = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'Protobuf', 1 => 'DJI', 2 => 'Camera' },
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Protobuf::ProcessProtobuf,
    VARS => { ID_FMT => 'dec', ID_LABEL => 'Field #' },
    1 => { Name => 'GimbalPitch',Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
    2 => { Name => 'GimbalRoll', Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 10' }, # usually 0, so missing
    3 => { Name => 'GimbalYaw',  Format => 'int64s', ValueConv => '$val / 10' },
);

%Image::ExifTool::DJI::FrameInfo = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'Protobuf', 1 => 'DJI', 2 => 'Video' },
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Protobuf::ProcessProtobuf,
    VARS => { ID_FMT => 'dec', ID_LABEL => 'Field #' },
    1 => { Name => 'FrameWidth',  Format => 'unsigned' },
    2 => { Name => 'FrameHeight', Format => 'unsigned' },
    3 => { Name => 'FrameRate',   Format => 'float' },
  # 4-8: seen these values respectively for DJI Neo: 1,8,4,1,4
);

%Image::ExifTool::DJI::GPSInfo = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'Protobuf', 1 => 'DJI', 2 => 'Location' },
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::Protobuf::ProcessProtobuf,
    VARS => { ID_FMT => 'dec', ID_LABEL => 'Field #' },
    1 => {
        Name => 'CoordinateUnits',
        Format  => 'unsigned',
        Notes => 'not extracted, but used internally to convert coordinates to degrees',
        # don't extract this -- just convert to degrees
        RawConv => '$$self{CoordUnits} = $val; undef',
        # PrintConv => { 0 => 'Radians', 1 => 'Degrees' },
    },
    2 => {
        Name => 'GPSLatitude',
        Format => 'double',
        # set ExifTool GPSLatitude/GPSLongitude members so GPSDateTime will be generated if necessary
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSLatitude} = $$self{CoordUnits} ? $val : $val * 180 / 3.141592653589793', # (NC)
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "N")',
    },
    3 => {
        Name => 'GPSLongitude',
        Format => 'double',
        RawConv => '$$self{GPSLongitude} = $$self{CoordUnits} ? $val : $val * 180 / 3.141592653589793', # (NC)
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "E")',
    },
);

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process DJI beauty settings (ref PH)
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
# Returns: 1 on success
sub ProcessSettings($$$)
{
    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTbl) = @_;
    $et->VerboseDir($$dirInfo{DirName}, undef, length(${$$dirInfo{DataPt}}));
    foreach (split /;/, ${$$dirInfo{DataPt}}) {
        my ($tag, $val) = split /=/;
        next unless defined $tag and defined $val;
        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, $tag, $val, MakeTagInfo => 1);
    }
    return 1;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process DJI info (ref PH)
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
# Returns: 1 on success
sub ProcessDJIInfo($$$)
{
    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTbl) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart} || 0;
    my $dirLen = $$dirInfo{DirLen} || (length($$dataPt) - $dirStart);
    if ($dirStart) {
        my $buff = substr($$dataPt, $dirStart, $dirLen);
        $dataPt = \$buff;
    }
    $et->VerboseDir('DJIInfo', undef, length $$dataPt);
    while ($$dataPt =~ /\G\[(.*?)\](?=(\[|$))/sg) {
        my ($tag, $val) = split /:/, $1, 2;
        next unless defined $tag and defined $val;
        if ($val =~ /^([\x20-\x7e]+)\0*$/) {
            $val = $1;
        } else {
            my $buff = $val;
            $val = \$buff;
        }
        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, $tag, $val, MakeTagInfo => 1);
    }
    return 1;
}

__END__