File Coverage

blib/lib/Data/RenderAsTree.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	150	181	82.8
branch	64	104	61.5
condition	19	29	65.5
subroutine	17	19	89.4
pod	3	5	60.0
total	253	338	74.8

package Data::RenderAsTree;

use strict;
use warnings;

use Moo;

use Scalar::Util qw/blessed reftype/;

use Set::Array;

use Text::Truncate; # For truncstr().

use Tree::DAG_Node;

use Types::Standard qw/Any Bool Int Object Str/;

has clean_nodes =>
(
	default  => sub{return 0},
	is       => 'rw',
	isa      => Bool,
	required => 0,
);

has attributes =>
(
	default  => sub{return 0},
	is       => 'rw',
	isa      => Bool,
	required => 0,
);

has index_stack =>
(
	default   => sub{return Set::Array -> new},
	is        => 'rw',
	isa       => Object,
	required => 0,
);

has max_key_length =>
(
	default   => sub{return 10_000},
	is        => 'rw',
	isa       => Int,
	required => 0,
);

has max_value_length =>
(
	default   => sub{return 10_000},
	is        => 'rw',
	isa       => Int,
	required => 0,
);

has node_stack =>
(
	default   => sub{return Set::Array -> new},
	is        => 'rw',
	isa       => Object,
	required => 0,
);

has root =>
(
	default   => sub{return ''},
	is        => 'rw',
	isa       => Any,
	required => 0,
);

has title =>
(
	default   => sub{return 'Root'},
	is        => 'rw',
	isa       => Str,
	required => 0,
);

has uid =>
(
	default  => sub{return 0},
	is       => 'rw',
	isa      => Int,
	required => 0,
);

has verbose =>
(
	default  => sub{return 0},
	is       => 'rw',
	isa      => Bool,
	required => 0,
);

our $VERSION = '1.04';

# ------------------------------------------------

sub BUILD
{
	my($self)         = @_;
	my($key_length)   = $self -> max_key_length;
	my($value_length) = $self -> max_value_length;

	$self -> max_key_length(30)   if ( ($key_length   < 1) || ($key_length   > 10_000) );
	$self -> max_value_length(30) if ( ($value_length < 1) || ($value_length > 10_000) );

} # End of BUILD.

# ------------------------------------------------

sub _add_daughter
{
	my($self, $name, $attributes)  = @_;

	print "Entered _add_daughter($name, $attributes)\n" if ($self -> verbose);

	$attributes        = {} if (! $attributes);
	$$attributes{name} = $name;
	$$attributes{uid}  = $self -> uid($self -> uid + 1);
	$name              = truncstr($name, $self -> max_key_length);
	my($node)          = Tree::DAG_Node -> new({name => $name, attributes => $attributes});
	my($tos)           = $self -> node_stack -> length - 1;

	die "Stack is empty\n" if ($tos < 0);

	${$self -> node_stack}[$tos] -> add_daughter($node);

	return $node;

} # End of _add_daughter.

# --------------------------------------------------

sub clean_tree
{
	my($self) = @_;

	my($attributes);
	my($key);
	my($name);
	my($value);

	$self -> root -> walk_down
	({
		callback => sub
		{
			my($node, $opt) = @_;
			$name           = $node -> name;
			$attributes     = $node -> attributes;

			# Fix for name is undef.

			$node -> name('') if (! defined $name);

			# Fix for attribute name is undef.

			if (exists $$attributes{undef})
			{
				if (! exists $$attributes{''})
				{
					$$attributes{''} = $$attributes{undef};
				}

				delete $$attributes{undef};
			}

			# Fix for attribute value is undef.

			for $key (keys %$attributes)
			{
				$value             = $$attributes{$key};
				$value             = '' if (! defined $value);
				$$attributes{$key} = $value;
			}

			$node -> attributes($attributes);

			return 1; # Keep walking.
		},
		_depth => 0,
	});

} # End of clean_tree.

# ------------------------------------------------

sub _process_arrayref
{
	my($self, $value) = @_;

	print "Entered _process_arrayref($value)\n" if ($self -> verbose);

	my($index)  = $self -> index_stack -> last;
	my($parent) = $self -> _process_scalar("$index = []", 'ARRAY');

	$self -> node_stack -> push($parent);

	$index = -1;

	my($bless_type);
	my($node);
	my($ref_type);

	for my $item (@$value)
	{
		$index++;

		$bless_type = blessed($item) || '';
		$ref_type   = reftype($item) || 'VALUE';

		if ($bless_type)
		{
			$self -> node_stack -> push($self -> _process_scalar("Class = $bless_type", 'BLESS') );
		}

		if ($ref_type eq 'ARRAY')
		{
			$self -> index_stack -> push($index);
			$self -> _process_arrayref($item);

			$index = $self -> index_stack -> pop;
		}
		elsif ($ref_type eq 'HASH')
		{
			$self -> _process_hashref($item);
		}
		elsif ($ref_type eq 'SCALAR')
		{
			$self -> _process_scalar($item);
		}
		else
		{
			$self -> _process_scalar("$index = " . (defined($item) ? truncstr($item, $self -> max_value_length) : 'undef') );
		}

		$node = $self -> node_stack -> pop if ($bless_type);
	}

	$node = $self -> node_stack -> pop;

} # End of _process_arrayref;

# ------------------------------------------------

sub _process_hashref
{
	my($self, $data) = @_;
	my($index) = -1;

	print "Entered _process_hashref($data)\n" if ($self -> verbose);

	my($parent) = $self -> _process_scalar('{}', 'HASH');

	$self -> node_stack -> push($parent);

	my($bless_type);
	my($node);
	my($ref_type);
	my($value);

	for my $key (sort keys %$data)
	{
		$index++;

		$value      = $$data{$key};
		$bless_type = blessed($value) || '';
		$ref_type   = reftype($value) || 'VALUE';
		$key        = "$key = {}" if ($ref_type eq 'HASH');

		# Values for use_value:
		# 0: No, the value of value is undef. Ignore it.
		# 1: Yes, The value may be undef, but use it.

		$node = $self -> _add_daughter
			(
				$key,
				{type => $ref_type, use_value => 1, value => $value}
			);

		if ($bless_type)
		{
			$self -> node_stack -> push($node);

			$node = $self -> _process_scalar("Class = $bless_type", 'BLESS');
		}

		$self -> node_stack -> push($node);

		if ($ref_type eq 'ARRAY')
		{
			$self -> index_stack -> push($index);
			$self -> _process_arrayref($value);

			$index = $self -> index_stack -> pop;
		}
		elsif ($ref_type =~ /CODE|REF|SCALAR|VALUE/)
		{
			# Do nothing, except for scalars. sub _process_tree() will combine $key and $value.

			if ($ref_type eq 'SCALAR')
			{
				$self -> _add_daughter
					(
						$value,
						{type => $ref_type, use_value => 1, value => $$value}
					);
			}
		}
		elsif ($ref_type eq 'HASH')
		{
			$self -> _process_hashref($value);
		}
		else
		{
			die "Sub _process_hashref() cannot handle the ref_type: $ref_type. \n";
		}

		$node = $self -> node_stack -> pop;
		$node = $self -> node_stack -> pop if ($bless_type);

		# TODO: Why don't we need this in _process_arrayref()?
		# And ... Do we need to check after each pop above?

		$self -> node_stack -> push($self -> root) if ($node -> is_root);
	}

	$self -> node_stack -> pop;

} # End of _process_hashref.

# ------------------------------------------------

sub _process_scalar
{
	my($self, $value, $type) = @_;
	$type ||= 'SCALAR';

	print "Entered _process_scalar($value, $type)\n" if ($self -> verbose);

	# Values for use_value:
	# 0: No, the value of value is undef. Ignore it.
	# 1: Yes, The value may be undef, but use it.

	return $self -> _add_daughter
			(
				$value,
				{type => $type, use_value => 0, value => undef}
			);

} # End of _process_scalar.

# ------------------------------------------------

sub process_tree
{
	my($self) = @_;

	if ($self -> verbose)
	{
		print "Entered process_tree(). Printing tree before walk_down ...\n";
		print join("\n", @{$self -> root -> tree2string({no_attributes => 0})}), "\n";
		print '-' x 50, "\n";
	}

	my($attributes);
	my($ignore_value, $id);
	my($key);
	my($name);
	my($ref_type);
	my($type);
	my($uid, $use_value);
	my($value);

	$self -> root -> walk_down
	({
		callback => sub
		{
			my($node, $opt) = @_;

			# Ignore the root, and keep walking.

			return 1 if ($node -> is_root);

			$name           = $node -> name;
			$attributes     = $node -> attributes;
			$type           = $$attributes{type};
			$ref_type       = ($type =~ /^(\w+)/) ? $1 : $type; # Ignores '(0x12345678)'.
			$uid            = $$attributes{uid};
			$use_value      = $$attributes{use_value};
			$value          = $$attributes{value};
			$key            = "$ref_type $uid";

			if (defined($value) && $$opt{seen}{$value})
			{
				$id = ( ($ref_type eq 'SCALAR') || ($key =~ /^ARRAY|BLESS|HASH/) ) ? $key : "$key -> $$opt{seen}{$value}";
			}
			elsif ($ref_type eq 'CODE')
			{
				$id   = $key;
				$name = defined($value) ? "$name = $value" : $name;
			}
			elsif ($ref_type eq 'REF')
			{
				$id  = defined($value) ? $$opt{seen}{$$value} ? "$key -> $$opt{seen}{$$value}" : $key : $key;
			}
			elsif ($ref_type eq 'VALUE')
			{
				$id   = $key;
				$name = defined($name) ? $name : 'undef';
				$name .= ' = ' . truncstr(defined($value) ? $value : 'undef', $self -> max_value_length) if ($use_value);
			}
			elsif ($ref_type eq 'SCALAR')
			{
				$id   = $key;
				$name = defined($name) ? $name : 'undef';
				$name .= ' = ' . truncstr(defined($value) ? $value : 'undef', $self -> max_value_length) if ($use_value);
			}
			else
			{
				$id = $key;
			}

			$node -> name("$name [$id]");

			$$opt{seen}{$value} = $id if (defined($value) && ! defined $$opt{seen}{$value});

			# Keep walking.

			return 1;
		},
		_depth => 0,
		seen   => {},
	});

} # End of process_tree.

# ------------------------------------------------

sub render
{
	my($self, $s) = @_;

	$self -> run($s);

	return $self -> root -> tree2string({no_attributes => 1 - $self -> attributes});

} # End of render.

# ------------------------------------------------

sub run
{
	my($self, $s) = @_;
	$s = defined($s) ? $s : 'undef';

	$self -> root
	(
		Tree::DAG_Node -> new
		({
			attributes => {type => '', uid => $self -> uid, value => ''},
			name       => $self -> title,
		})
	);
	$self -> node_stack -> push($self -> root);
	$self -> index_stack -> push(0);

	my($bless_type) = blessed($s) || '';
	my($ref_type)   = reftype($s) || 'VALUE';

	if ($bless_type)
	{
		$self -> node_stack -> push($self -> _process_scalar("Class = $bless_type", 'BLESS') );
	}

	if ($ref_type eq 'ARRAY')
	{
		$self -> _process_arrayref($s);
	}
	elsif ($ref_type eq 'HASH')
	{
		$self -> _process_hashref($s);
	}
	elsif ($ref_type =~ /REF|SCALAR|VALUE/)
	{
		$self -> _process_scalar($s, $ref_type);
	}
	else
	{
		die "Sub render() cannot handle the ref_type: $ref_type. \n";
	}

	$self -> process_tree;
	$self -> clean_tree if ($self -> clean_nodes);

	# Clean up in case user reuses this object.

	$self -> node_stack -> pop;
	$self -> index_stack -> pop;
	$self -> node_stack -> pop if ($bless_type);
	$self -> uid(0);

} # End of run.

# ------------------------------------------------

1;

=pod

=head1 NAME

C - Render any data structure as an object of type Tree::DAG_Node

=head1 Synopsis

This is scripts/synopsis.pl:

	#!/usr/bin/env perl

	use strict;
	use warnings;

	use Data::RenderAsTree;

	use Tree::DAG_Node;

	# ------------------------------------------------

	print "Code refs are always be different, so we do not use \$expected\n";

	my($sub) = sub {};
	my($s)   =
	{
		A =>
		{
			a      => {},
			bbbbbb => $sub,
			c123   => $sub,
			d      => \$sub,
		},
		B => [qw(element_1 element_2 element_3)],
		C =>
		{
	 		b =>
			{
				a =>
				{
					a => {},
					b => sub {},
					c => '429999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999',
				}
			}
		},
		DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD => 'd',
		Object     => Tree::DAG_Node -> new({name => 'A tree', attributes => {one => 1} }),
		Ref2Scalar => \'A shortish string', # Use ' in comment for UltraEdit hiliting.
	};
	my($result) = Data::RenderAsTree -> new
		(
			attributes       => 0,
			max_key_length   => 25,
			max_value_length => 20,
			title            => 'Synopsis',
			verbose          => 0,
		) -> render($s);

	print join("\n", @$result), "\n";

See the L for a discussion as to whether you should call L or L.

This is the output of scripts/synopsis.pl:

	Code refs are always be different, so we do not use $expected
	Synopsis. Attributes: {}
	    |--- {} [HASH 1]. Attributes: {}
	         |--- A = {} [HASH 2]. Attributes: {}
	         |    |--- {} [HASH 3]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- a = {} [HASH 4]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |    |--- {} [HASH 5]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- bbbbbb = CODE(0x55d5168d1b18) [CODE 6]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- c123 [CODE 7 -> CODE 6]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- d [REF 8 -> CODE 6]. Attributes: {}
	         |--- B [ARRAY 9]. Attributes: {}
	         |    |--- 1 = [] [ARRAY 10]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- 0 = element_1 [SCALAR 11]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- 1 = element_2 [SCALAR 12]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- 2 = element_3 [SCALAR 13]. Attributes: {}
	         |--- C = {} [HASH 14]. Attributes: {}
	         |    |--- {} [HASH 15]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- b = {} [HASH 16]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |--- {} [HASH 17]. Attributes: {}
	         |                   |--- a = {} [HASH 18]. Attributes: {}
	         |                        |--- {} [HASH 19]. Attributes: {}
	         |                             |--- a = {} [HASH 20]. Attributes: {}
	         |                             |    |--- {} [HASH 21]. Attributes: {}
	         |                             |--- b = CODE(0x55d51702db90) [CODE 22]. Attributes: {}
	         |                             |--- c = 42999999999999999... [VALUE 23]. Attributes: {}
	         |--- DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD... = d [VALUE 24]. Attributes: {}
	         |--- Object = {} [HASH 25]. Attributes: {}
	         |    |--- Class = Tree::DAG_Node [BLESS 26]. Attributes: {}
	         |         |--- {} [HASH 27]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |--- attributes = {} [HASH 28]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |    |--- {} [HASH 29]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |         |--- one = 1 [VALUE 30]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |--- daughters [ARRAY 31]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |    |--- 1 = [] [ARRAY 32]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |--- mother = undef [VALUE 33]. Attributes: {}
	         |              |--- name = A tree [VALUE 34]. Attributes: {}
	         |--- Ref2Scalar = SCALAR(0x55d51703... [SCALAR 35]. Attributes: {}
	              |--- SCALAR(0x55d51703bc20) = A shortish string [SCALAR 36]. Attributes: {}

=head1 Description

L provides a mechanism to display a Perl data structure.

The data supplied to L is stored in an object of type L.

C returns an arrayref by calling C's C method, so you can
just print the return value as a string by using code as in synopsis.pl above.

It also means you can display as much or as little of the result as you wish, by printing a range
of array elements.

Hash key lengths can be limited by L, and hash value lengths can be limited
by L.

For sub-classing, see L.

The module serves as a simple replacement for L, but without the huge set of
features.

For sample code, see these programs in the scripts/ directory of the distro:

=over 4

=item o array.pl

=item o bless.pl

=item o empty.pl

=item o hash.pl

=item o mixup.pl

=item o ref.pl

=item o synopsis.pl

=item o undef.pl

=item o zero.pl

=back

See also the test files t/*.t, which are basically copies of the above. And that means, like the
*.pl above, all expected output is given in the source code.

Lastly, see the L below for details such as how to process the output tree yourself.

=head1 Distributions

This module is available as a Unix-style distro (*.tgz).

See L
for help on unpacking and installing distros.

=head1 Installation

Install L as you would for any C module:

Run:

	cpanm Data::RenderAsTree

or run:

	sudo cpan Data::RenderAsTree

or unpack the distro, and then either:

	perl Build.PL
	./Build
	./Build test
	sudo ./Build install

or:

	perl Makefile.PL
	make (or dmake or nmake)
	make test
	make install

=head1 Constructor and Initialization

C is called as C<< my($g2m) = Data::RenderAsTree -> new(k1 => v1, k2 => v2, ...) >>.

It returns a new object of type C.

Key-value pairs accepted in the parameter list (see corresponding methods for details
[e.g. L]):

=over 4

=item o attributes => $Boolean

This is a debugging aid. When set to 1, metadata attached to each tree node is included in the
output.

Default: 0.

=item o clean_nodes => $Boolean

Clean up nodes before printing, by changing the node's name to '' (the empty string) if it's undef,
and by changing to '' any node attribute value which is undef.

Set to 1 to activate option.

Default: 0.

=item o max_key_length => $int

Use this to limit the lengths of hash keys.

Default: 10_000.

=item o max_value_length => $int

Use this to limit the lengths of hash values.

Default: 10_000.

=item o title => $s

Use this to set the name of the root node in the tree.

Default: 'Root'.

=back

=head1 Methods

=head2 attributes([$Boolean])

Here, the [] indicate an optional parameter.

Gets or sets the attributes option.

Note: The value passed to L's C method is (1 - $Boolean).

C is a parameter to L.

=head2 clean_nodes([$Boolean])

Gets or sets the value of the C option.

This stops undef warnings when printing (i.e. when calling the tree's tree2string() method).

Values:

=over 4

=item o 0

Do not clean up nodes.

=item o 1

Clean up nodes by doing both these:

=over 4

=item o The node's name

Change the node's name to '' (the empty string) if it's undef.

=item o The node's attribute values

Change to '' any node attribute value which is undef.

=back

=back

=head2 max_key_length([$int])

Here, the [] indicate an optional parameter.

Gets or sets the maximum string length displayed for hash keys.

C is a parameter to L.

=head2 max_key_length([$int])

Here, the [] indicate an optional parameter.

Gets or sets the maximum string length displayed for hash values.

C is a parameter to L.

=head2 new()

See L for details on the parameters accepted by L.

=head2 process_tree()

Just before L returns, it calls C, while walks the tree and adjusts
various bits of data attached to each node in the tree.

If sub-classing this module, e.g. to change the precise text displayed, I recommend concentrating
your efforts on this method.

Also, see the answer to the first question in the L.

=head2 render($s)

Renders $s into an object of type L.

Returns an arrayref after calling the C method for L.

See L for a typical usage.

See also L, which returns the root of the tree.

The choice of calling C or C is discussed in the L.

=head2 root()

Returns the root node in the tree, which is an object of type L.

=head2 run($s)

Renders $s into an object of type L.

Returns the root of the tree.

See also L, which returns an arrayref of the tree's data.

The choice of calling C or C is discussed in the L.

=head2 title([$s])

Here, the [] indicate an optional parameter.

Gets or sets the title, which is the name of the root node in the tree.

C is a parameter to L</new()>. </td>
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<td class="s"> Here, the [] indicate an optional parameter. </td>
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<td class="s"> Gets or sets the verbose option, which prints a message upon entry to each method, with parameters, </td>
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<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> C<verbose> is a parameter to L</new()>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="861">861</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="862">862</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 FAQ </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="863">863</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="864">864</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 Can I process the tree myself? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="865">865</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="866">866</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Sure. Just call L</render($s)> and then L</root($s)> to get the root of the tree, and process it </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="867">867</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> any way you wish. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="868">868</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="869">869</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Otherwise, call L</root($s)>, which returns the root directly. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="870">870</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="871">871</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> See the next question for help in choosing between C<render()> and C<root()>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="872">872</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="873">873</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> See L</process_tree()> for sample code. More information is in the docs for L<Tree::DAG_Node> </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="874">874</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> especially under the discussion of C<walk_down()>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="875">875</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="876">876</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 How do I choose between calling C<render()> and C<root()>? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="877">877</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="878">878</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> L</render($s)> automatically calls L<Tree::DAG_Node>'s C<tree2string()> method, which you may not </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="879">879</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> want. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="880">880</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="881">881</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> For instance, the tree might have undef as the name of node, or the value of an attribute, so that </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="882">882</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> calling C<tree2string()> triggers undefined variable warnings when converting the node's attributes </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="883">883</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> to a string. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="884">884</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="885">885</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> With L</run($s)>, since C<tree2string()> is not called, you have time to process the tree yourself, </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="886">886</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> cleaning up the nodes, before converting it to an arrayref of strings by calling C<tree2string()> </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="887">887</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> directly. Indeed, with C<run()> you may never call C<tree2string()> at all. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="888">888</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="889">889</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Users of L<Marpa::R2> would normally call L</run($s)>. See L<MarpaX::Languages::Lua::Parser> for </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="890">890</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> sample code, where node names of undef are the reason for this choice. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="891">891</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="892">892</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 What are the attributes of the tree nodes? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="893">893</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="894">894</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Firslty, each node has a name, which you can set or get with the C<name([$new_name])> method. Here, </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="895">895</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> [] refer to an optional parameter. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="896">896</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="897">897</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Secondly, the attributes of each node are held in a hashref, getable and setable with the </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="898">898</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> C<attributes([$hashref])> method. The returned hashref has these (key => value) pairs: </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="899">899</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="900">900</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =over 4 </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="901">901</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="902">902</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o name => $string </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="903">903</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="904">904</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> This is a copy of the name of the node. It's here because L</process_tree()> changes the name of </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="905">905</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> some nodes as it walks the tree. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="906">906</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="907">907</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o type => $string </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="908">908</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="909">909</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> This is the C<reftype()> (from the module L</Scalar::Util>) of the value (see the C<value> key, </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="910">910</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> below), or one of various strings I use, and hence has values like: </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="911">911</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="912">912</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =over 4 </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="913">913</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="914">914</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o ARRAY </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="915">915</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="916">916</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is an arrayref. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="917">917</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="918">918</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o BLESS </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="919">919</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="920">920</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is blessed into a class, who name is in the value. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="921">921</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="922">922</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o CODE </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="923">923</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="924">924</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is a coderef. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="925">925</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="926">926</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o HASH </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="927">927</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="928">928</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is a hashref. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="929">929</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="930">930</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o REF </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="931">931</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="932">932</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is presumably a generic reference. I could not see an explanation which I skimmed the </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="933">933</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> output of 'perldoc perlref'. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="934">934</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="935">935</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o SCALAR </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="936">936</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="937">937</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is a scalarref. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="938">938</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="939">939</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o VALUE </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="940">940</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="941">941</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The value is just a literal value. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="942">942</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="943">943</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> I did not use LITERAL because the 1-letter abbreviation 'L' clashes with the 1-letter abbreviation </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="944">944</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> of 'LVALUE', which C<reftype()> can return. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="945">945</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="946">946</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =back </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="947">947</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="948">948</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Other values returned by C<reftype()> are not used by this module. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="949">949</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="950">950</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o uid => $integer </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="951">951</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="952">952</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Each node in the tree has a unique integer identifier, counting from 1 up. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="953">953</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="954">954</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o use_value => $Boolean </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="955">955</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="956">956</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Node values (see next point) can be undef, and this flag serves the following purpose: </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="957">957</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="958">958</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =over </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="959">959</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="960">960</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o Zero </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="961">961</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="962">962</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Do not use the value. It's undef, and set by the code, and thus not a real node's value. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="963">963</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="964">964</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o One </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="965">965</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="966">966</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The node's value really is undef, or any other value. Use it in the output. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="967">967</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="968">968</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =back </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="969">969</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="970">970</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =item o value => $string </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="971">971</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="972">972</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Finally, the actual value of the node. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="973">973</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="974">974</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =back </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="975">975</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="976">976</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 Why are there so many levels in the output? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="977">977</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="978">978</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Or: Couldn't you cut some cases showing '{}' and '[]'? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="979">979</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="980">980</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Cutting them introduces other problems, especially when the input is a set of nested arrayrefs. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="981">981</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="982">982</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> See scripts/array.pl, example 4 (hash key 4), for such a case. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="983">983</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="984">984</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 Why do you decorate the output with e.g. [HASH 1] and not [H1]? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="985">985</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="986">986</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> I feel the style [H1] used by L<Data::TreeDumper> is unnecessarily cryptic. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="987">987</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="988">988</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 I found a problem with the output of synopsis.pl! </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="989">989</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="990">990</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> It says: </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="991">991</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="992">992</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> 	|--- B [ARRAY 9] </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="993">993</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> 	|    |--- 1 = [] [ARRAY 10] </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="994">994</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="995">995</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Why is there a '1 = []' in there? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="996">996</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="997">997</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Firstly, note that C<hash> keys are returned in sorted order. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="998">998</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="999">999</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> And, for C<hash> keys, that integer counts them, so C<A> would have gotten a 0, and C<C> would get </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1000">1000</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> a 2, if they pointed to arrayrefs. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1001">1001</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1002">1002</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 Why did you use Text::Truncate? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1003">1003</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1004">1004</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The major alternatives are L<String::Truncate> and L<Text::Elide>, or re-inventing the wheel. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1005">1005</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1006">1006</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The first module seems too complex, and the second truncates to whole words, which makes sense in </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1007">1007</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> some applications, but not for dumping raw data. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1008">1008</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1009">1009</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head2 How would I go about sub-classing this module? </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1010">1010</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1011">1011</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> This matter is discussed in the notes for method L</process_tree()>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1012">1012</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1013">1013</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 See Also </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1014">1014</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1015">1015</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> L<Data::TreeDumper>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1016">1016</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1017">1017</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 Machine-Readable Change Log </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1018">1018</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1019">1019</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> The file Changes was converted into Changelog.ini by L<Module::Metadata::Changes>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1020">1020</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1021">1021</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 Version Numbers </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1022">1022</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1023">1023</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Version numbers < 1.00 represent development versions. From 1.00 up, they are production versions. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1024">1024</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1025">1025</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 Repository </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1026">1026</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1027">1027</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> L<https://github.com/ronsavage/Data-RenderAsTree> </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1028">1028</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1029">1029</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 Support </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1030">1030</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1031">1031</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Email the author, or log a bug on RT: </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1032">1032</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1033">1033</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Data::RenderAsTree>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1034">1034</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1035">1035</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 Author </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1036">1036</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1037">1037</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> L<Data::RenderAsTree> was written by Ron Savage I<E<lt>[e-mail]<gt>> in 2015. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1038">1038</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1039">1039</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> My homepage: L<http://savage.net.au/>. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1040">1040</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1041">1041</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> =head1 Copyright </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1042">1042</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1043">1043</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> Australian copyright (c) 2015, Ron Savage. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1044">1044</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1045">1045</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> 	All Programs of mine are 'OSI Certified Open Source Software'; </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1046">1046</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> 	you can redistribute them and/or modify them under the terms of </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1047">1047</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> 	The Artistic License 2.0, a copy of which is available at: </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1048">1048</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s"> 	http://opensource.org/licenses/alphabetical. </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1049">1049</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td >

 

</td>

<td class="s">   </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td  class="h" >
<a name="1050">1050</a>
</td>

<td >

 

</td>

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<td class="s"> =cut </td>
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