File Coverage

lib/Data/Hopen/G/DAG.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	182	182	100.0
branch	58	60	96.6
condition	6	7	85.7
subroutine	32	32	100.0
pod	6	6	100.0
total	284	287	98.9

# Data::Hopen::G::DAG - hopen build graph
package Data::Hopen::G::DAG;
use strict;
use Data::Hopen::Base;

our $VERSION = '0.000021';

use parent 'Data::Hopen::G::Op';
use Class::Tiny {
    goals   => sub { [] },
    default_goal => undef,
    winner => undef,

    # Private attributes with simple defaults
    #_node_by_name => sub { +{} },   # map from node names to nodes in either
    #                                # _init_graph or _graph

    # Private attributes - initialized by BUILD()
    _graph  => undef,   # L instance
    _final   => undef,  # The graph sink - all goals have edges to this

    #Initialization operations
    _init_graph => undef,   # L
                            # for initializations
    _init_first => undef,   # Graph node for initialization - the first
                            # init operation to be performed.

    # TODO? also support fini to run operations after _graph runs?
};

use Data::Hopen qw(hlog getparameters *QUIET);
use Data::Hopen::G::Goal;
use Data::Hopen::G::Link;
use Data::Hopen::G::Node;
use Data::Hopen::G::CollectOp;
use Data::Hopen::Util::Data qw(forward_opts);
use Data::Hopen::OrderedPredecessorGraph;
use Getargs::Mixed; # parameters, which doesn't permit undef
use Hash::Merge;
use Regexp::Assemble;
use Scalar::Util qw(refaddr);
use Storable ();

# Class data {{{1

use constant {
    LINKS => 'link_list',    # Graph edge attr: array of DHG::Link instances
};

# A counter used for making unique names
my $_id_counter = 0;    # threads: make shared

# }}}1
# Docs {{{1

=head1 NAME

Data::Hopen::G::DAG - A hopen build graph

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This class encapsulates the DAG for a particular set of one or more goals.
It is itself a L so that it can be composed into
other DAGs.

=head1 ATTRIBUTES

=head2 goals

Arrayref of the goals for this DAG.

=head2 default_goal

The default goal for this DAG.

=head2 winner

When a node has multiple predecessors, their outputs are combined using
L to form the input to that node.  This sets the C
precedence.  Valid values (case-insensitive) are:

=over

=item C or C<'combine'>

(the default): L.  Same-name keys
are merged, so no data is lost.

=item C<'first'> or C<'keep'>

L.  The first predecessor to add a value
under a particular key will win.

=item C<'last'> or C<'replace'>

L.  The last predecessor to add a value
under a particular key will win.

=back

=head2 _graph

The actual L.  If you find that you have to use it, please open an
issue so we can see about providing a documented API for your use case!

=head2 _final

The node to which all goals are connected.

=head2 _init_graph

A separate L of operations that will run before all the operations
in L.  This is because I don't want to add an edge to every
single node just to force the topological sort to work out.

=head2 _init_first

The first node to be run in _init_graph.

=head1 FUNCTIONS

=cut

# }}}1

=head2 _run

Traverses the graph.  The DAG is similar to a subroutine in this respect.  The
outputs from all the goals of the DAG are aggregated and provided as the
outputs of the DAG.  The output is a hash keyed by the name of each goal, with
each goal's outputs as the values under that name.  Usage:

    my $hrOutputs = $dag->run([-context=>$scope][, other options])

C<$scope> must be a L or subclass if provided.
Other options are as L.

When evaluating a node, the edges from its predecessors are traversed in
the order those predecessors were added to the graph.

=cut

# The implementation of run().  $self->scope has already been linked to the context.
sub _run {
    my ($self, %args) = getparameters('self', [qw(; visitor)], @_);
    my $retval = {};

    # --- Get the initialization ops ---

    my @init_order = eval { $self->_init_graph->toposort };
    die "Initializations contain a cycle!" if $@;
    @init_order = () if $self->_init_graph->vertices == 1;  # no init nodes => skip

    # --- Get the runtime ops ---

    my @order = eval { $self->_graph->toposort };
        # TODO someday support multi-core-friendly topo-sort, so nodes can run
        # in parallel until they block each other.
    die "Graph contains a cycle!" if $@;

    # Remove _final from the order for now - I don't yet know what it means
    # to traverse _final.
    warn "Last item in order isn't _final!  This might indicate a bug in hopen, or that some graph edges are missing."
        unless $QUIET or refaddr $order[$#order] == refaddr $self->_final;

    @order = grep { refaddr $_ != refaddr $self->_final } @order;

    # --- Check for non-connected ops, and goals with no inputs ---

    unless($QUIET) {
        foreach my $node ($self->_graph->isolated_vertices) {
            warn "Node @{[$node->name]} is not connected to any other nodes";
        }

        foreach my $goal (@{$self->goals}) {
            warn "Goal @{[$goal->name]} has no inputs"
                if $self->_graph->is_predecessorless_vertex($goal);
        }
    }

    # --- Set up for the merge ---

    state $STRATEGIES = {   # regex => strategy
        '(|combine)' => 'combine',
        '(first|keep)' => 'keep',
        '(last|replace)' => 'replace',
    };
    state $STRATEGY_MAP = Regexp::Assemble->new->flags('i')->track(1)
        ->anchor_string_begin->anchor_string_end
        ->add(keys %$STRATEGIES);

    my $merge_strategy_idx = $STRATEGY_MAP->match($self->winner // '');
    die "Invalid winner value @{[$self->winner]}" unless defined $merge_strategy_idx;
    my $merge_strategy = $STRATEGIES->{$merge_strategy_idx};

    # --- Traverse ---

    # Note: while hacking, please make sure Goal nodes can appear
    # anywhere in the graph.

    hlog { my $x = 'Traversing DAG ' . $self->name; $x, '*' x (76-length($x)) };

    my $graph = $self->_init_graph;
    foreach my $node (@init_order, undef, @order) {

        if(!defined($node)) {   # undef is the marker between init and run
            $graph = $self->_graph;
            next;
        }

        # Inputs to this node.  These are different from the DAG's inputs.
        # The scope stack is (outer to inner) DAG's inputs, DAG's overrides,
        # then $node_inputs, then the individual node's overrides.
        my $node_inputs = Data::Hopen::Scope::Hash->new;
            # TODO make this a DH::Scope::Inputs once it's implemented
        $node_inputs->outer($self->scope);
            # Data specifically being provided to the current node, e.g.,
            # on input edges, beats the scope of the DAG as a whole.
        $node_inputs->local(true);
            # A CollectOp won't reach above the node's inputs by default.
        $node_inputs->merge_strategy($merge_strategy);

        # Iterate over each node's edges and process any Links
        foreach my $pred ($graph->ordered_predecessors($node)) {
            hlog { ('From', $pred->name, 'to', $node->name) };

            # Goals do not feed outputs to other Goals.  This is so you can
            # add edges between Goals to set their order while keeping the
            # data for each Goal separate.
            # TODO add tests for this.  Also TODO decide whether this is
            # actually the Right Thing!
            next if eval { $pred->DOES('Data::Hopen::G::Goal') };

            my $links = $graph->get_edge_attribute($pred, $node, LINKS);

            # Simple case (no links): predecessor's outputs become our inputs
            unless($links) {
                hlog { '  -- no links' };
                $node_inputs->merge(%{$pred->outputs});
                    # TODO specify which set these are.
                    # Use the predecessor's identity as the set.
                next;
            }

            # More complex case: Process all the links

            # Helper function to wrap a hashref in the right scope for a link input
            local *make_link_inputs = sub {
                my $hrIn = shift;
                my $scLinkInputs = Data::Hopen::Scope::Hash->new->put(%$hrIn);
                    # All links get the same outer scope --- they are parallel,
                    # not in series.
                    # TODO? use the predecessor's identity as the set.
                $scLinkInputs->outer($self->scope);
                    # The links run at the same scope level as the node.
                $scLinkInputs->local(true);
                return $scLinkInputs;
            };

            # Make the first link's input scope
            my $hrPredOutputs = $pred->outputs;
                # In one test, outputs was undef if not on its own line.
            my $scLinkInputs = make_link_inputs($hrPredOutputs);

            # Run the links in series - not parallel!
            my $hrLinkOutputs = $scLinkInputs->as_hashref(-levels=>'local');
            foreach my $link (@$links) {
                hlog { ('From', $pred->name, 'via', $link->name, 'to', $node->name) };

                $hrLinkOutputs = $link->run(
                    -context=>$scLinkInputs,
                    # visitor not passed to links.
                );
                $scLinkInputs = make_link_inputs($hrLinkOutputs);
            } #foreach incoming link

            $node_inputs->merge(%$hrLinkOutputs);
                # TODO specify which set these are.

        } #foreach predecessor node

        my $step_output = $node->run(-context=>$node_inputs,
            forward_opts(\%args, {'-'=>1}, 'visitor')
        );
        $node->outputs($step_output);

        # Give the visitor a chance, and stash the results if necessary.
        if(eval { $node->DOES('Data::Hopen::G::Goal') }) {
            $args{visitor}->visit_goal($node, $node_inputs) if $args{visitor};

            # Save the result if there is one.  Don't save {}.
            # use $node->outputs, not $step_output, since the visitor may
            # alter $node->outputs.
            $retval->{$node->name} = $node->outputs if keys %{$node->outputs};
        } else {
            $args{visitor}->visit_node($node, $node_inputs) if $args{visitor};
        }

        hlog { 'Finished node', $node->name, 'with outputs',
            Dumper $node->outputs } 10;

    } #foreach node in topo-sort order

    return $retval;
} #run()

=head1 ADDING DATA

=head2 goal

Creates a goal of the DAG.  Goals are names for sequences of operations,
akin to top-level Makefile targets.  Usage:

    my $goalOp = $dag->goal('name')

Returns the L node that is the goal.  By default, any
inputs passed into a goal are provided as outputs of that goal, and are
saved as outputs of the DAG under the goal's name.

The first call to C also sets L.

=cut

sub goal {
    my $self = shift or croak 'Need an instance';
    my $name = shift or croak 'Need a goal name';
    my $goal = Data::Hopen::G::Goal->new(name => $name);
    $self->_graph->add_vertex($goal);
    #$self->_node_by_name->{$name} = $goal;
    $self->_graph->add_edge($goal, $self->_final);
    $self->default_goal($goal) unless $self->default_goal;
    push @{$self->goals}, $goal;
    return $goal;
} #goal()

=head2 connect

=over 4

=item - C<< DAG:connect(, , , ) >>

B.
Connects output C of operation C as input C of
operation C.  No processing is done between output and input.
C and C can be anything usable as a table index, provided
that table index appears in the corresponding operation's descriptor.

=item - C<< DAG:connect(, ) >>

Creates a dependency edge from C to C, indicating that C must be
run before C.  Does not transfer any data from C to C.

=item - C<< DAG:connect(, , ) >>

Connects C to C via L C.
C may be undef, in which case this is treated as the two-parameter form.

If there are already link(s) on the edge from C to C, the new link
is added after the last existing link.

=back

TODO return the name of the edge?  The edge instance itself?  Maybe a
fluent interface to the DAG for chaining C calls?

TODO remove the out-edge and in-edge parameters?

=cut

sub connect {
    my $self = shift or croak 'Need an instance';
    my ($op1, $out_edge, $in_edge, $op2, $link);

    # Unpack args
    #if(@_ == 4) {
    #    ($op2, $out_edge, $in_edge, $op2) = @_;
    #} else the following
    if(@_ == 3) {
        ($op1, $link, $op2) = @_;
    } elsif(@_ == 2) {
        ($op1, $op2) = @_;
    } else {
        die "Invalid arguments";
    }

    #my $out_edge = false;      # No outputs    TODO use these?
    #my $in_edge = false;       # No inputs

    hlog { 'DAG::connect(): Edge from', $op1->name,
            'via', $link ? $link->name : '(no link)',
            'to', $op2->name };

    # Add it to the graph (idempotent)
    $self->_graph->add_edge($op1, $op2);
    # $self->_node_by_name->{$_->name} = $_ foreach ($op1, $op2);

    # Save the DHG::Link as an edge attribute (not idempotent!)
    if($link) {
        my $attrs = $self->_graph->get_edge_attribute($op1, $op2, LINKS) || [];
        push @$attrs, $link;
        $self->_graph->set_edge_attribute($op1, $op2, LINKS, $attrs);
    }

    return undef;   # TODO decide what to return
} #connect()

=head2 add

Add a regular node to the graph.  An attempt to add the same node twice will be
ignored.  Usage:

    my $node = Data::Hopen::G::Op->new(name=>"whatever");
    $dag->add($node);

Returns the node, for the sake of chaining.

=cut

sub add {
    my ($self, undef, $node) = parameters('self', ['node'], @_);
    return if $self->_graph->has_vertex($node);
    hlog { __PACKAGE__, $self->name, 'adding', Dumper($node) } 2;

    $self->_graph->add_vertex($node);
    #$self->_node_by_name->{$node->name} = $node if $node->name;

    return $node;
} #add()

=head2 init

Add an initialization operation to the graph.  Initialization operations run
before all other operations.  An attempt to add the same initialization
operation twice will be ignored.  Usage:

    my $op = Data::Hopen::G::Op->new(name=>"whatever");
    $dag->init($op[, $first]);

If C<$first> is truthy, the op will be run before anything already in the
graph.  However, later calls to C with C<$first> set will push
operations even before C<$op>.

Returns the node, for the sake of chaining.

=cut

sub init {
    my $self = shift or croak 'Need an instance';
    my $op = shift or croak 'Need an op';
    my $first = shift;
    return if $self->_init_graph->has_vertex($op);

    $self->_init_graph->add_vertex($op);
    #$self->_node_by_name->{$op->name} = $op;

    if($first) {    # $op becomes the new _init_first node
        $self->_init_graph->add_edge($op, $self->_init_first);
        $self->_init_first($op);
    } else {    # Not first, so can happen anytime.  Add it after the
                # current first node.
        $self->_init_graph->add_edge($self->_init_first, $op);
    }

    return $op;
} #init()

=head1 ACCESSORS

=head2 empty

Returns truthy if the only nodes in the graph are internal nodes.
Intended for use by hopen files.

=cut

sub empty {
    my $self = shift or croak 'Need an instance';
    return ($self->_graph->vertices == 1);
        # _final is the node in an empty() graph.
        # We don't check the _init_graph since empty() is intended
        # for use by hopen files, not toolsets.
} #empty()

=head1 OTHER

=head2 BUILD

Initialize the instance.

=cut

sub BUILD {
    #use Data::Dumper;
    #say Dumper(\@_);
    my $self = shift or croak 'Need an instance';
    my $hrArgs = shift;

    # DAGs always have names
    $self->name('__R_DAG_' . $_id_counter++) unless $self->has_custom_name;

    # Graph of normal operations
    my $graph = Data::Hopen::OrderedPredecessorGraph->new( directed => true,
                            refvertexed => true);
    my $final = Data::Hopen::G::Node->new(
                                    name => '__R_DAG_ROOT' . $_id_counter++);
    $graph->add_vertex($final);
    $self->_graph($graph);
    $self->_final($final);

    # Graph of initialization operations
    my $init_graph = Data::Hopen::OrderedPredecessorGraph->new( directed => true,
                            refvertexed => true);
    my $init = Data::Hopen::G::CollectOp->new(
                                    name => '__R_DAG_INIT' . $_id_counter++);
    $init_graph->add_vertex($init);

    $self->_init_graph($init_graph);
    $self->_init_first($init);
} #BUILD()

1;
# Rest of the docs {{{1
__END__