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package Acme::MetaSyntactic::nobel_prize; |
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use strict; |
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use warnings; |
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use Acme::MetaSyntactic::MultiList; |
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our @ISA = qw( Acme::MetaSyntactic::MultiList ); |
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our $VERSION = '1.007'; |
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=encoding iso-8859-1 |
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=head1 NAME |
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Acme::MetaSyntactic::nobel_prize - Nobel prize winners |
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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This theme has the nobel prize winners, divided into categories. The |
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first Nobel prizes were awarded in 1901. Nobel prizes have been awarded |
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for Chemistry, Literature, Medicine, Peace, Physics, and Economics. |
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Strictly speaking, the Economics prize is not actually a "Nobel Prize", |
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but the "I
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Alfred Nobel>". It was first awarded in 1969. |
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The winners are: |
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=cut |
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{ |
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my $data; |
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foreach my $line (split /\n/ => <<'=cut') { |
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=pod |
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1901 Chemistry Jacobus H. van 't Hoff |
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1901 Literature Sully Prudhomme |
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1901 Medicine Emil von Behring |
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1901 Peace Frédéric Passy |
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1901 Peace Henry Dunant |
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1901 Physics Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen |
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1902 Chemistry Emil Fischer |
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1902 Literature Theodor Mommsen |
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1902 Medicine Ronald Ross |
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1902 Peace Albert Gobat |
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1902 Peace Élie Ducommun |
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1902 Physics Hendrik A. Lorentz |
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1902 Physics Pieter Zeeman |
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1903 Chemistry Svante Arrhenius |
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1903 Literature Bjřrnstjerne Bjřrnson |
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1903 Medicine Niels Ryberg Finsen |
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1903 Peace Randal Cremer |
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1903 Physics Henri Becquerel |
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1903 Physics Marie Curie |
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1903 Physics Pierre Curie |
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1904 Chemistry Sir William Ramsay |
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1904 Literature Frédéric Mistral |
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1904 Literature José Echegaray |
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1904 Medicine Ivan Pavlov |
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1904 Peace Institute of International Law |
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1904 Physics Lord Rayleigh |
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1905 Chemistry Adolf von Baeyer |
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1905 Literature Henryk Sienkiewicz |
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1905 Medicine Robert Koch |
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1905 Peace Bertha von Suttner |
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1905 Physics Philipp Lenard |
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1906 Chemistry Henri Moissan |
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1906 Literature Giosuč Carducci |
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1906 Medicine Camillo Golgi |
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1906 Medicine Santiago Ramón y Cajal |
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1906 Peace Theodore Roosevelt |
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1906 Physics J.J. Thomson |
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1907 Chemistry Eduard Buchner |
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1907 Literature Rudyard Kipling |
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1907 Medicine Alphonse Laveran |
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1907 Peace Ernesto Teodoro Moneta |
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1907 Peace Louis Renault |
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1907 Physics Albert A. Michelson |
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1908 Chemistry Ernest Rutherford |
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1908 Literature Rudolf Eucken |
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1908 Medicine Ilya Mechnikov |
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1908 Medicine Paul Ehrlich |
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1908 Peace Fredrik Bajer |
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1908 Peace Klas Pontus Arnoldson |
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1908 Physics Gabriel Lippmann |
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1909 Chemistry Wilhelm Ostwald |
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1909 Literature Selma Lagerlöf |
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1909 Medicine Theodor Kocher |
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1909 Peace Auguste Beernaert |
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1909 Peace Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant |
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1909 Physics Ferdinand Braun |
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1909 Physics Guglielmo Marconi |
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1910 Chemistry Otto Wallach |
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1910 Literature Paul Heyse |
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1910 Medicine Albrecht Kossel |
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1910 Peace Permanent International Peace Bureau |
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1910 Physics Johannes Diderik van der Waals |
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1911 Chemistry Marie Curie |
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1911 Literature Maurice Maeterlinck |
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1911 Medicine Allvar Gullstrand |
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1911 Peace Alfred Fried |
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1911 Peace Tobias Asser |
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1911 Physics Wilhelm Wien |
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1912 Chemistry Paul Sabatier |
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1912 Chemistry Victor Grignard |
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1912 Literature Gerhart Hauptmann |
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1912 Medicine Alexis Carrel |
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1912 Peace Elihu Root |
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1912 Physics Gustaf Dalén |
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1913 Chemistry Alfred Werner |
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1913 Literature Rabindranath Tagore |
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1913 Medicine Charles Richet |
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1913 Peace Henri La Fontaine |
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1913 Physics Heike Kamerlingh Onnes |
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1914 Chemistry Theodore W. Richards |
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1914 Medicine Robert Bárány |
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1914 Physics Max von Laue |
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1915 Chemistry Richard Willstätter |
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1915 Literature Romain Rolland |
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1915 Physics Lawrence Bragg |
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1915 Physics William Bragg |
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1916 Literature Verner von Heidenstam |
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1917 Literature Henrik Pontoppidan |
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1917 Literature Karl Gjellerup |
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1917 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross |
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1917 Physics Charles Glover Barkla |
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1918 Chemistry Fritz Haber |
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1918 Physics Max Planck |
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1919 Literature Carl Spitteler |
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1919 Medicine Jules Bordet |
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1919 Peace Woodrow Wilson |
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1919 Physics Johannes Stark |
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1920 Chemistry Walther Nernst |
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1920 Literature Knut Hamsun |
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1920 Medicine August Krogh |
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1920 Peace Léon Bourgeois |
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1920 Physics Charles Edouard Guillaume |
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1921 Chemistry Frederick Soddy |
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1921 Literature Anatole France |
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1921 Peace Christian Lange |
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1921 Peace Hjalmar Branting |
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1921 Physics Albert Einstein |
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1922 Chemistry Francis W. Aston |
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1922 Literature Jacinto Benavente |
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1922 Medicine Archibald V. Hill |
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1922 Medicine Otto Meyerhof |
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1922 Peace Fridtjof Nansen |
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1922 Physics Niels Bohr |
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1923 Chemistry Fritz Pregl |
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1923 Literature William Butler Yeats |
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1923 Medicine Frederick G. Banting |
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1923 Medicine John Macleod |
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1923 Physics Robert A. Millikan |
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1924 Literature Wladyslaw Reymont |
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1924 Medicine Willem Einthoven |
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1924 Physics Manne Siegbahn |
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1925 Chemistry Richard Zsigmondy |
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1925 Literature George Bernard Shaw |
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1925 Peace Charles G. Dawes |
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1925 Peace Sir Austen Chamberlain |
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1925 Physics Gustav Hertz |
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1925 Physics James Franck |
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1926 Chemistry The Svedberg |
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1926 Literature Grazia Deledda |
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1926 Medicine Johannes Fibiger |
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1926 Peace Aristide Briand |
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1926 Peace Gustav Stresemann |
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1926 Physics Jean Baptiste Perrin |
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1927 Chemistry Heinrich Wieland |
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1927 Literature Henri Bergson |
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1927 Medicine Julius Wagner-Jauregg |
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1927 Peace Ferdinand Buisson |
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1927 Peace Ludwig Quidde |
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1927 Physics Arthur H. Compton |
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1927 Physics C.T.R. Wilson |
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1928 Chemistry Adolf Windaus |
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1928 Literature Sigrid Undset |
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1928 Medicine Charles Nicolle |
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1928 Physics Owen Willans Richardson |
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1929 Chemistry Arthur Harden |
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1929 Chemistry Hans von Euler-Chelpin |
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1929 Literature Thomas Mann |
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1929 Medicine Christiaan Eijkman |
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1929 Medicine Sir Frederick Hopkins |
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1929 Peace Frank B. Kellogg |
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1929 Physics Louis de Broglie |
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1930 Chemistry Hans Fischer |
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1930 Literature Sinclair Lewis |
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1930 Medicine Karl Landsteiner |
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1930 Peace Nathan Söderblom |
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1930 Physics Venkata Raman |
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1931 Medicine Otto Warburg |
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1931 Peace Jane Addams |
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1931 Peace Nicholas Murray Butler |
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1932 Chemistry Irving Langmuir |
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1933 Literature Ivan Bunin |
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1933 Medicine Thomas H. Morgan |
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1933 Peace Sir Norman Angell |
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1933 Physics Erwin Schrödinger |
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1933 Physics Paul A.M. Dirac |
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1934 Chemistry Harold C. Urey |
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1934 Literature Luigi Pirandello |
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1934 Medicine George H. Whipple |
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1934 Medicine George R. Minot |
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1934 Medicine William P. Murphy |
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1934 Peace Arthur Henderson |
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1935 Chemistry Frédéric Joliot |
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1935 Chemistry Irčne Joliot-Curie |
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1935 Medicine Hans Spemann |
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1935 Peace Carl von Ossietzky |
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1935 Physics James Chadwick |
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1936 Chemistry Peter Debye |
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1936 Literature Eugene O'Neill |
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1936 Medicine Otto Loewi |
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1936 Medicine Sir Henry Dale |
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1936 Peace Carlos Saavedra Lamas |
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1936 Physics Carl D. Anderson |
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1936 Physics Victor F. Hess |
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1937 Chemistry Norman Haworth |
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1937 Chemistry Paul Karrer |
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1937 Literature Roger Martin du Gard |
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1937 Medicine Albert Szent-Györgyi |
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1937 Peace Robert Cecil |
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1937 Physics Clinton Davisson |
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1937 Physics George Paget Thomson |
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1938 Chemistry Richard Kuhn |
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1938 Literature Pearl Buck |
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1938 Medicine Corneille Heymans |
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1938 Peace Nansen International Office for Refugees |
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1938 Physics Enrico Fermi |
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1939 Chemistry Adolf Butenandt |
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1939 Chemistry Leopold Ruzicka |
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1939 Literature Frans Eemil Sillanpää |
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1939 Medicine Gerhard Domagk |
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1939 Physics Ernest Lawrence |
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1943 Chemistry George de Hevesy |
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1943 Medicine Edward A. Doisy |
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1943 Medicine Henrik Dam |
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1943 Physics Otto Stern |
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1944 Chemistry Otto Hahn |
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1944 Literature Johannes V. Jensen |
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1944 Medicine Herbert S. Gasser |
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1944 Medicine Joseph Erlanger |
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1944 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross |
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1944 Physics Isidor Isaac Rabi |
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1945 Chemistry Artturi Virtanen |
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1945 Literature Gabriela Mistral |
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1945 Medicine Ernst B. Chain |
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1945 Medicine Sir Alexander Fleming |
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1945 Medicine Sir Howard Florey |
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1945 Peace Cordell Hull |
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1945 Physics Wolfgang Pauli |
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1946 Chemistry James B. Sumner |
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1946 Chemistry John H. Northrop |
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1946 Chemistry Wendell M. Stanley |
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1946 Literature Hermann Hesse |
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1946 Medicine Hermann J. Muller |
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1946 Peace Emily Greene Balch |
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1946 Peace John R. Mott |
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1946 Physics Percy W. Bridgman |
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1947 Chemistry Sir Robert Robinson |
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1947 Literature André Gide |
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1947 Medicine Bernardo Houssay |
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1947 Medicine Carl Cori |
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1947 Medicine Gerty Cori |
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1947 Peace American Friends Service Committee |
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1947 Peace Friends Service Council |
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1947 Physics Edward V. Appleton |
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1948 Chemistry Arne Tiselius |
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1948 Literature T.S. Eliot |
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1948 Medicine Paul Müller |
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1948 Physics Patrick M.S. Blackett |
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1949 Chemistry William F. Giauque |
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1949 Literature William Faulkner |
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1949 Medicine Egas Moniz |
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1949 Medicine Walter Hess |
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1949 Peace Lord Boyd Orr |
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1949 Physics Hideki Yukawa |
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1950 Chemistry Kurt Alder |
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1950 Chemistry Otto Diels |
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1950 Literature Bertrand Russell |
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1950 Medicine Edward C. Kendall |
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1950 Medicine Philip S. Hench |
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1950 Medicine Tadeus Reichstein |
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1950 Peace Ralph Bunche |
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1950 Physics Cecil Powell |
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1951 Chemistry Edwin M. McMillan |
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1951 Chemistry Glenn T. Seaborg |
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1951 Literature Pär Lagerkvist |
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1951 Medicine Max Theiler |
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1951 Peace Léon Jouhaux |
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1951 Physics Ernest T.S. Walton |
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1951 Physics John Cockcroft |
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347
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1952 Chemistry Archer J.P. Martin |
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1952 Chemistry Richard L.M. Synge |
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1952 Literature François Mauriac |
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1952 Medicine Selman A. Waksman |
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1952 Peace Albert Schweitzer |
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1952 Physics E. M. Purcell |
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1952 Physics Felix Bloch |
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1953 Chemistry Hermann Staudinger |
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356
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1953 Literature Winston Churchill |
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1953 Medicine Fritz Lipmann |
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1953 Medicine Hans Krebs |
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1953 Peace George C. Marshall |
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1953 Physics Frits Zernike |
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362
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1954 Chemistry Linus Pauling |
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1954 Literature Ernest Hemingway |
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364
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1954 Medicine Frederick C. Robbins |
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365
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1954 Medicine John F. Enders |
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366
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1954 Medicine Thomas H. Weller |
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367
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1954 Peace Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
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368
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1954 Physics Max Born |
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369
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1954 Physics Walther Bothe |
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371
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1955 Chemistry Vincent du Vigneaud |
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1955 Literature Halldór Laxness |
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373
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1955 Medicine Hugo Theorell |
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1955 Physics Polykarp Kusch |
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375
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1955 Physics Willis E. Lamb |
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377
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1956 Chemistry Nikolay Semenov |
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1956 Chemistry Sir Cyril Hinshelwood |
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379
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1956 Literature Juan Ramón Jiménez |
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380
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1956 Medicine André F. Cournand |
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381
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1956 Medicine Dickinson W. Richards |
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382
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1956 Medicine Werner Forssmann |
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383
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1956 Physics John Bardeen |
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384
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1956 Physics Walter H. Brattain |
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385
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1956 Physics William B. Shockley |
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386
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387
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1957 Chemistry Lord Todd |
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388
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1957 Literature Albert Camus |
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389
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1957 Medicine Daniel Bovet |
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390
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1957 Peace Lester Bowles Pearson |
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391
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1957 Physics Chen Ning Yang |
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392
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1957 Physics Tsung-Dao Lee |
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394
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1958 Chemistry Frederick Sanger |
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395
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1958 Literature Boris Pasternak |
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396
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1958 Medicine Edward Tatum |
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397
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1958 Medicine George Beadle |
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398
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1958 Medicine Joshua Lederberg |
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399
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1958 Peace Georges Pire |
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400
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1958 Physics Igor Y. Tamm |
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401
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1958 Physics Il´ja M. Frank |
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402
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1958 Physics Pavel A. Cherenkov |
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403
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404
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1959 Chemistry Jaroslav Heyrovsky |
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405
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1959 Literature Salvatore Quasimodo |
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406
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1959 Medicine Arthur Kornberg |
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407
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1959 Medicine Severo Ochoa |
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408
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1959 Peace Philip Noel-Baker |
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409
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1959 Physics Emilio Segrč |
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410
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1959 Physics Owen Chamberlain |
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411
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412
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1960 Chemistry Willard F. Libby |
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413
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1960 Literature Saint-John Perse |
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414
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1960 Medicine Peter Medawar |
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415
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1960 Medicine Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet |
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416
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1960 Peace Albert Lutuli |
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417
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1960 Physics Donald A. Glaser |
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418
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419
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1961 Chemistry Melvin Calvin |
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420
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1961 Literature Ivo Andric |
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421
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1961 Medicine Georg von Békésy |
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422
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1961 Peace Dag Hammarskjöld |
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423
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1961 Physics Robert Hofstadter |
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424
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1961 Physics Rudolf Mössbauer |
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425
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426
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1962 Chemistry John C. Kendrew |
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427
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1962 Chemistry Max F. Perutz |
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428
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1962 Literature John Steinbeck |
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429
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1962 Medicine Francis Crick |
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430
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1962 Medicine James Watson |
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431
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1962 Medicine Maurice Wilkins |
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432
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1962 Peace Linus Pauling |
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433
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1962 Physics Lev Landau |
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434
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435
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1963 Chemistry Giulio Natta |
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436
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1963 Chemistry Karl Ziegler |
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437
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1963 Literature Giorgos Seferis |
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438
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1963 Medicine Alan L. Hodgkin |
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439
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1963 Medicine Andrew F. Huxley |
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440
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1963 Medicine Sir John Eccles |
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441
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1963 Peace International Committee of the Red Cross |
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442
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1963 Peace League of Red Cross Societies |
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443
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1963 Physics Eugene Wigner |
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444
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1963 Physics J. Hans D. Jensen |
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445
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1963 Physics Maria Goeppert-Mayer |
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446
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447
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1964 Chemistry Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
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448
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1964 Literature Jean-Paul Sartre |
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449
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|
|
|
1964 Medicine Feodor Lynen |
|
450
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 Medicine Konrad Bloch |
|
451
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 Peace Martin Luther King |
|
452
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 Physics Aleksandr M. Prokhorov |
|
453
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 Physics Charles H. Townes |
|
454
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1964 Physics Nicolay G. Basov |
|
455
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
456
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Chemistry Robert B. Woodward |
|
457
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Literature Mikhail Sholokhov |
|
458
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Medicine André Lwoff |
|
459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Medicine François Jacob |
|
460
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Medicine Jacques Monod |
|
461
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Peace United Nations Children's Fund |
|
462
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Physics Julian Schwinger |
|
463
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Physics Richard P. Feynman |
|
464
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1965 Physics Sin-Itiro Tomonaga |
|
465
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
466
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 Chemistry Robert S. Mulliken |
|
467
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 Literature Nelly Sachs |
|
468
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 Literature Samuel Agnon |
|
469
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 Medicine Charles B. Huggins |
|
470
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 Medicine Peyton Rous |
|
471
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1966 Physics Alfred Kastler |
|
472
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Chemistry George Porter |
|
474
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Chemistry Manfred Eigen |
|
475
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Chemistry Ronald G.W. Norrish |
|
476
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Literature Miguel Angel Asturias |
|
477
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Medicine George Wald |
|
478
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Medicine Haldan K. Hartline |
|
479
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Medicine Ragnar Granit |
|
480
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1967 Physics Hans Bethe |
|
481
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
482
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Chemistry Lars Onsager |
|
483
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Literature Yasunari Kawabata |
|
484
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Medicine H. Gobind Khorana |
|
485
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Medicine Marshall W. Nirenberg |
|
486
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Medicine Robert W. Holley |
|
487
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Peace René Cassin |
|
488
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1968 Physics Luis Alvarez |
|
489
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
490
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Chemistry Derek Barton |
|
491
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Chemistry Odd Hassel |
|
492
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Economics Jan Tinbergen |
|
493
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Economics Ragnar Frisch |
|
494
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Literature Samuel Beckett |
|
495
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Medicine Alfred D. Hershey |
|
496
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Medicine Max Delbrück |
|
497
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Medicine Salvador E. Luria |
|
498
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Peace International Labour Organization |
|
499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1969 Physics Murray Gell-Mann |
|
500
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
501
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Chemistry Luis Leloir |
|
502
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Economics Paul A. Samuelson |
|
503
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Literature Alexandr Solzhenitsyn |
|
504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Medicine Julius Axelrod |
|
505
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Medicine Sir Bernard Katz |
|
506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Medicine Ulf von Euler |
|
507
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Peace Norman Borlaug |
|
508
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Physics Hannes Alfvén |
|
509
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1970 Physics Louis Néel |
|
510
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
511
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Chemistry Gerhard Herzberg |
|
512
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Economics Simon Kuznets |
|
513
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Literature Pablo Neruda |
|
514
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Medicine Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. |
|
515
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Peace Willy Brandt |
|
516
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1971 Physics Dennis Gabor |
|
517
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Chemistry Christian Anfinsen |
|
519
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Chemistry Stanford Moore |
|
520
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Chemistry William H. Stein |
|
521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Economics John R. Hicks |
|
522
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Economics Kenneth J. Arrow |
|
523
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Literature Heinrich Böll |
|
524
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Medicine Gerald M. Edelman |
|
525
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Medicine Rodney R. Porter |
|
526
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Physics John Bardeen |
|
527
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Physics Leon N. Cooper |
|
528
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1972 Physics Robert Schrieffer |
|
529
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Chemistry Ernst Otto Fischer |
|
531
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Chemistry Geoffrey Wilkinson |
|
532
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Economics Wassily Leontief |
|
533
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Literature Patrick White |
|
534
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Medicine Karl von Frisch |
|
535
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Medicine Konrad Lorenz |
|
536
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Medicine Nikolaas Tinbergen |
|
537
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Peace Henry Kissinger |
|
538
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Peace Le Duc Tho |
|
539
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Physics Brian D. Josephson |
|
540
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Physics Ivar Giaever |
|
541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 Physics Leo Esaki |
|
542
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Chemistry Paul J. Flory |
|
544
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Economics Friedrich August von Hayek |
|
545
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Economics Gunnar Myrdal |
|
546
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Literature Eyvind Johnson |
|
547
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Literature Harry Martinson |
|
548
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Medicine Albert Claude |
|
549
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Medicine Christian de Duve |
|
550
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Medicine George E. Palade |
|
551
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Peace Eisaku Sato |
|
552
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Peace Seán MacBride |
|
553
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Physics Antony Hewish |
|
554
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1974 Physics Martin Ryle |
|
555
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Chemistry John Cornforth |
|
557
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Chemistry Vladimir Prelog |
|
558
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Economics Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich |
|
559
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Economics Tjalling C. Koopmans |
|
560
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Literature Eugenio Montale |
|
561
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Medicine David Baltimore |
|
562
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Medicine Howard M. Temin |
|
563
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Medicine Renato Dulbecco |
|
564
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Peace Andrei Sakharov |
|
565
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Physics Aage N. Bohr |
|
566
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Physics Ben R. Mottelson |
|
567
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 Physics James Rainwater |
|
568
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
569
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Chemistry William Lipscomb |
|
570
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Economics Milton Friedman |
|
571
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Literature Saul Bellow |
|
572
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Medicine Baruch S. Blumberg |
|
573
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Medicine D. Carleton Gajdusek |
|
574
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Peace Betty Williams |
|
575
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Peace Mairead Corrigan |
|
576
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Physics Burton Richter |
|
577
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1976 Physics Samuel C.C. Ting |
|
578
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
579
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Chemistry Ilya Prigogine |
|
580
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Economics Bertil Ohlin |
|
581
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Economics James E. Meade |
|
582
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Literature Vicente Aleixandre |
|
583
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Medicine Andrew V. Schally |
|
584
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Medicine Roger Guillemin |
|
585
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Medicine Rosalyn Yalow |
|
586
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Peace Amnesty International |
|
587
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Physics John H. van Vleck |
|
588
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Physics Philip W. Anderson |
|
589
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1977 Physics Sir Nevill F. Mott |
|
590
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
591
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Chemistry Peter Mitchell |
|
592
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Economics Herbert A. Simon |
|
593
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Literature Isaac Bashevis Singer |
|
594
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Medicine Daniel Nathans |
|
595
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Medicine Hamilton O. Smith |
|
596
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Medicine Werner Arber |
|
597
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Peace Anwar al-Sadat |
|
598
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Peace Menachem Begin |
|
599
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Physics Arno Penzias |
|
600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Physics Pyotr Kapitsa |
|
601
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1978 Physics Robert Woodrow Wilson |
|
602
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Chemistry Georg Wittig |
|
604
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Chemistry Herbert C. Brown |
|
605
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Economics Sir Arthur Lewis |
|
606
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Economics Theodore W. Schultz |
|
607
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Literature Odysseus Elytis |
|
608
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Medicine Allan M. Cormack |
|
609
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Medicine Godfrey N. Hounsfield |
|
610
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Peace Mother Teresa |
|
611
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Physics Abdus Salam |
|
612
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Physics Sheldon Glashow |
|
613
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1979 Physics Steven Weinberg |
|
614
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Chemistry Frederick Sanger |
|
616
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Chemistry Paul Berg |
|
617
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Chemistry Walter Gilbert |
|
618
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Economics Lawrence R. Klein |
|
619
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Literature Czeslaw Milosz |
|
620
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Medicine Baruj Benacerraf |
|
621
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Medicine George D. Snell |
|
622
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Medicine Jean Dausset |
|
623
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Peace Adolfo Pérez Esquivel |
|
624
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Physics James Cronin |
|
625
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1980 Physics Val Fitch |
|
626
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
627
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Chemistry Kenichi Fukui |
|
628
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Chemistry Roald Hoffmann |
|
629
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Economics James Tobin |
|
630
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Literature Elias Canetti |
|
631
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Medicine David H. Hubel |
|
632
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Medicine Roger W. Sperry |
|
633
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Medicine Torsten N. Wiesel |
|
634
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Peace Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
|
635
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Physics Arthur L. Schawlow |
|
636
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Physics Kai M. Siegbahn |
|
637
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1981 Physics Nicolaas Bloembergen |
|
638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Chemistry Aaron Klug |
|
640
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Economics George J. Stigler |
|
641
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Literature Gabriel García Márquez |
|
642
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Medicine Bengt I. Samuelsson |
|
643
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Medicine John R. Vane |
|
644
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Medicine Sune K. Bergström |
|
645
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Peace Alfonso García Robles |
|
646
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Peace Alva Myrdal |
|
647
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1982 Physics Kenneth G. Wilson |
|
648
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
649
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Chemistry Henry Taube |
|
650
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Economics Gerard Debreu |
|
651
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Literature William Golding |
|
652
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Medicine Barbara McClintock |
|
653
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Peace Lech Walesa |
|
654
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Physics Subramanyan Chandrasekhar |
|
655
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1983 Physics William A. Fowler |
|
656
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Chemistry Bruce Merrifield |
|
658
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Economics Richard Stone |
|
659
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Literature Jaroslav Seifert |
|
660
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Medicine César Milstein |
|
661
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Medicine Georges J.F. Köhler |
|
662
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Medicine Niels K. Jerne |
|
663
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Peace Desmond Tutu |
|
664
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Physics Carlo Rubbia |
|
665
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1984 Physics Simon van der Meer |
|
666
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
667
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Chemistry Herbert A. Hauptman |
|
668
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Chemistry Jerome Karle |
|
669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Economics Franco Modigliani |
|
670
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Literature Claude Simon |
|
671
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Medicine Joseph L. Goldstein |
|
672
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Medicine Michael S. Brown |
|
673
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Peace International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War |
|
674
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1985 Physics Klaus von Klitzing |
|
675
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
676
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Chemistry Dudley R. Herschbach |
|
677
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Chemistry John C. Polanyi |
|
678
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Chemistry Yuan T. Lee |
|
679
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Economics James M. Buchanan Jr. |
|
680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Literature Wole Soyinka |
|
681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Medicine Rita Levi-Montalcini |
|
682
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Medicine Stanley Cohen |
|
683
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Peace Elie Wiesel |
|
684
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Physics Ernst Ruska |
|
685
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Physics Gerd Binnig |
|
686
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1986 Physics Heinrich Rohrer |
|
687
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
688
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Chemistry Charles J. Pedersen |
|
689
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Chemistry Donald J. Cram |
|
690
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Chemistry Jean-Marie Lehn |
|
691
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Economics Robert M. Solow |
|
692
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Literature Joseph Brodsky |
|
693
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Medicine Susumu Tonegawa |
|
694
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Peace Oscar Arias Sánchez |
|
695
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Physics J. Georg Bednorz |
|
696
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1987 Physics K. Alex Müller |
|
697
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
698
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Chemistry Hartmut Michel |
|
699
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Chemistry Johann Deisenhofer |
|
700
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Chemistry Robert Huber |
|
701
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Economics Maurice Allais |
|
702
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Literature Naguib Mahfouz |
|
703
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Medicine George H. Hitchings |
|
704
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Medicine Gertrude B. Elion |
|
705
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Medicine Sir James W. Black |
|
706
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Peace United Nations Peacekeeping Forces |
|
707
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Physics Jack Steinberger |
|
708
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Physics Leon M. Lederman |
|
709
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1988 Physics Melvin Schwartz |
|
710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
711
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Chemistry Sidney Altman |
|
712
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Chemistry Thomas R. Cech |
|
713
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Economics Trygve Haavelmo |
|
714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Literature Camilo José Cela |
|
715
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Medicine Harold E. Varmus |
|
716
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Medicine J. Michael Bishop |
|
717
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Peace The 14th Dalai Lama |
|
718
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Physics Hans G. Dehmelt |
|
719
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Physics Norman F. Ramsey |
|
720
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1989 Physics Wolfgang Paul |
|
721
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
722
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Chemistry Elias James Corey |
|
723
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Economics Harry M. Markowitz |
|
724
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Economics Merton H. Miller |
|
725
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Economics William F. Sharpe |
|
726
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Literature Octavio Paz |
|
727
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Medicine E. Donnall Thomas |
|
728
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Medicine Joseph E. Murray |
|
729
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Peace Mikhail Gorbachev |
|
730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Physics Henry W. Kendall |
|
731
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Physics Jerome I. Friedman |
|
732
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1990 Physics Richard E. Taylor |
|
733
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
734
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Chemistry Richard R. Ernst |
|
735
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Economics Ronald H. Coase |
|
736
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Literature Nadine Gordimer |
|
737
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Medicine Bert Sakmann |
|
738
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Medicine Erwin Neher |
|
739
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Peace Aung San Suu Kyi |
|
740
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991 Physics Pierre-Gilles de Gennes |
|
741
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
742
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Chemistry Rudolph A. Marcus |
|
743
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Economics Gary S. Becker |
|
744
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Literature Derek Walcott |
|
745
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Medicine Edmond H. Fischer |
|
746
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Medicine Edwin G. Krebs |
|
747
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Peace Rigoberta Menchú Tum |
|
748
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1992 Physics Georges Charpak |
|
749
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Chemistry Kary B. Mullis |
|
751
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Chemistry Michael Smith |
|
752
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Economics Douglass C. North |
|
753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Economics Robert W. Fogel |
|
754
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Literature Toni Morrison |
|
755
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Medicine Phillip A. Sharp |
|
756
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Medicine Richard J. Roberts |
|
757
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Peace F.W. de Klerk |
|
758
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Peace Nelson Mandela |
|
759
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Physics Joseph H. Taylor Jr. |
|
760
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1993 Physics Russell A. Hulse |
|
761
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
762
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Chemistry George A. Olah |
|
763
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Economics John C. Harsanyi |
|
764
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Economics John F. Nash Jr. |
|
765
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Economics Reinhard Selten |
|
766
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Literature Kenzaburo Oe |
|
767
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Medicine Alfred G. Gilman |
|
768
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Medicine Martin Rodbell |
|
769
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Peace Shimon Peres |
|
770
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Peace Yasser Arafat |
|
771
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Peace Yitzhak Rabin |
|
772
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Physics Bertram N. Brockhouse |
|
773
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994 Physics Clifford G. Shull |
|
774
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
775
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Chemistry F. Sherwood Rowland |
|
776
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Chemistry Mario J. Molina |
|
777
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Chemistry Paul J. Crutzen |
|
778
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Economics Robert E. Lucas Jr. |
|
779
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Literature Seamus Heaney |
|
780
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Medicine Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard |
|
781
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Medicine Edward B. Lewis |
|
782
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Medicine Eric F. Wieschaus |
|
783
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Peace Joseph Rotblat |
|
784
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Peace Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs |
|
785
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Physics Frederick Reines |
|
786
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1995 Physics Martin L. Perl |
|
787
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Chemistry Richard E. Smalley |
|
789
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Chemistry Robert F. Curl Jr. |
|
790
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Chemistry Sir Harold Kroto |
|
791
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Economics James A. Mirrlees |
|
792
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Economics William Vickrey |
|
793
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Literature Wislawa Szymborska |
|
794
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Medicine Peter C. Doherty |
|
795
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Medicine Rolf M. Zinkernagel |
|
796
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Peace Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo |
|
797
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Peace José Ramos-Horta |
|
798
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Physics David M. Lee |
|
799
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Physics Douglas D. Osheroff |
|
800
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 Physics Robert C. Richardson |
|
801
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
802
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Chemistry Jens C. Skou |
|
803
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Chemistry John E. Walker |
|
804
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Chemistry Paul D. Boyer |
|
805
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Economics Myron S. Scholes |
|
806
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Economics Robert C. Merton |
|
807
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Literature Dario Fo |
|
808
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Medicine Stanley B. Prusiner |
|
809
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Peace International Campaign to Ban Landmines |
|
810
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Peace Jody Williams |
|
811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Physics Claude Cohen-Tannoudji |
|
812
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Physics Steven Chu |
|
813
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1997 Physics William D. Phillips |
|
814
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
815
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Chemistry John Pople |
|
816
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Chemistry Walter Kohn |
|
817
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Economics Amartya Sen |
|
818
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Literature José Saramago |
|
819
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Medicine Ferid Murad |
|
820
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Medicine Louis J. Ignarro |
|
821
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Medicine Robert F. Furchgott |
|
822
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Peace David Trimble |
|
823
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Peace John Hume |
|
824
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Physics Daniel C. Tsui |
|
825
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Physics Horst L. Störmer |
|
826
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 Physics Robert B. Laughlin |
|
827
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
828
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Chemistry Ahmed Zewail |
|
829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Economics Robert A. Mundell |
|
830
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Literature Günter Grass |
|
831
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Medicine Günter Blobel |
|
832
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Peace Médecins Sans Frontičres |
|
833
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Physics Gerardus 't Hooft |
|
834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1999 Physics Martinus J.G. Veltman |
|
835
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
836
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Chemistry Alan G. MacDiarmid |
|
837
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Chemistry Alan Heeger |
|
838
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Chemistry Hideki Shirakawa |
|
839
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Economics Daniel L. McFadden |
|
840
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Economics James J. Heckman |
|
841
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Literature Gao Xingjian |
|
842
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Medicine Arvid Carlsson |
|
843
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Medicine Eric R. Kandel |
|
844
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Medicine Paul Greengard |
|
845
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Peace Kim Dae-jung |
|
846
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Physics Herbert Kroemer |
|
847
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Physics Jack S. Kilby |
|
848
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Physics Zhores I. Alferov |
|
849
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Chemistry K. Barry Sharpless |
|
851
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Chemistry Ryoji Noyori |
|
852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Chemistry William S. Knowles |
|
853
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Economics A. Michael Spence |
|
854
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Economics George A. Akerlof |
|
855
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Economics Joseph E. Stiglitz |
|
856
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Literature V.S. Naipaul |
|
857
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Medicine Leland H. Hartwell |
|
858
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Medicine Sir Paul Nurse |
|
859
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Medicine Tim Hunt |
|
860
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Peace Kofi Annan |
|
861
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Peace United Nations |
|
862
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Physics Carl E. Wieman |
|
863
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Physics Eric A. Cornell |
|
864
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2001 Physics Wolfgang Ketterle |
|
865
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Chemistry John B. Fenn |
|
867
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Chemistry Koichi Tanaka |
|
868
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Chemistry Kurt Wüthrich |
|
869
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Economics Daniel Kahneman |
|
870
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Economics Vernon L. Smith |
|
871
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Literature Imre Kertész |
|
872
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Medicine H. Robert Horvitz |
|
873
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Medicine John E. Sulston |
|
874
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Medicine Sydney Brenner |
|
875
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Peace Jimmy Carter |
|
876
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Physics Masatoshi Koshiba |
|
877
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Physics Raymond Davis Jr. |
|
878
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 Physics Riccardo Giacconi |
|
879
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Chemistry Peter Agre |
|
881
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Chemistry Roderick MacKinnon |
|
882
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Economics Clive W.J. Granger |
|
883
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Economics Robert F. Engle III |
|
884
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Literature J.M. Coetzee |
|
885
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Medicine Paul C. Lauterbur |
|
886
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Medicine Sir Peter Mansfield |
|
887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Peace Shirin Ebadi |
|
888
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Physics Alexei A. Abrikosov |
|
889
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Physics Anthony J. Leggett |
|
890
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 Physics Vitaly L. Ginzburg |
|
891
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Chemistry Aaron Ciechanover |
|
893
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Chemistry Avram Hershko |
|
894
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Chemistry Irwin Rose |
|
895
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Economics Edward C. Prescott |
|
896
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Economics Finn E. Kydland |
|
897
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Literature Elfriede Jelinek |
|
898
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Medicine Linda B. Buck |
|
899
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Medicine Richard Axel |
|
900
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Peace Wangari Maathai |
|
901
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Physics David J. Gross |
|
902
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Physics Frank Wilczek |
|
903
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 Physics H. David Politzer |
|
904
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
905
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Chemistry Richard R. Schrock |
|
906
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Chemistry Robert H. Grubbs |
|
907
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Chemistry Yves Chauvin |
|
908
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Economics Robert J. Aumann |
|
909
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Economics Thomas C. Schelling |
|
910
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Literature Harold Pinter |
|
911
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Medicine Barry J. Marshall |
|
912
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Medicine J. Robin Warren |
|
913
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Peace International Atomic Energy Agency |
|
914
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Peace Mohamed ElBaradei |
|
915
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Physics John L. Hall |
|
916
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Physics Roy J. Glauber |
|
917
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 Physics Theodor W. Hänsch |
|
918
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Chemistry Roger D. Kornberg |
|
920
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Economics Edmund S. Phelps |
|
921
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Literature Orhan Pamuk |
|
922
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Medicine Andrew Z. Fire |
|
923
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Medicine Craig C. Mello |
|
924
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Peace Grameen Bank |
|
925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Peace Muhammad Yunus |
|
926
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Physics George F. Smoot |
|
927
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Physics John C. Mather |
|
928
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
929
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Chemistry Gerhard Ertl |
|
930
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Economics Eric S. Maskin |
|
931
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Economics Leonid Hurwicz |
|
932
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Economics Roger B. Myerson |
|
933
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Literature Doris Lessing |
|
934
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Medicine Mario R. Capecchi |
|
935
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Medicine Oliver Smithies |
|
936
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Medicine Sir Martin J. Evans |
|
937
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Peace Albert Arnold Gore Jr. |
|
938
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Peace Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
|
939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Physics Albert Fert |
|
940
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 Physics Peter Grünberg |
|
941
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Chemistry Martin Chalfie |
|
943
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Chemistry Osamu Shimomura |
|
944
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Chemistry Roger Y. Tsien |
|
945
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Economics Paul Krugman |
|
946
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Literature Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio |
|
947
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Medicine Françoise Barré-Sinoussi |
|
948
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Medicine Harald zur Hausen |
|
949
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Medicine Luc Montagnier |
|
950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Peace Martti Ahtisaari |
|
951
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Physics Makoto Kobayashi |
|
952
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Physics Toshihide Maskawa |
|
953
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 Physics Yoichiro Nambu |
|
954
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
955
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Chemistry Ada E. Yonath |
|
956
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Chemistry Thomas A. Steitz |
|
957
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Chemistry Venkatraman Ramakrishnan |
|
958
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Economics Elinor Ostrom |
|
959
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Economics Oliver E. Williamson |
|
960
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Literature Herta Müller |
|
961
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Medicine Carol W. Greider |
|
962
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Medicine Elizabeth H. Blackburn |
|
963
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Medicine Jack W. Szostak |
|
964
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Peace Barack H. Obama |
|
965
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Physics Charles Kuen Kao |
|
966
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Physics George E. Smith |
|
967
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 Physics Willard S. Boyle |
|
968
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
969
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Chemistry Akira Suzuki |
|
970
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Chemistry Ei-ichi Negishi |
|
971
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Chemistry Richard F. Heck |
|
972
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Economics Christopher A. Pissarides |
|
973
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Economics Dale T. Mortensen |
|
974
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Economics Peter A. Diamond |
|
975
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Literature Mario Vargas Llosa |
|
976
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Medicine Robert G. Edwards |
|
977
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Peace Liu Xiaobo |
|
978
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Physics Andre Geim |
|
979
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 Physics Konstantin Novoselov |
|
980
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Chemistry Dan Shechtman |
|
982
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Economics Christopher A. Sims |
|
983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Economics Thomas J. Sargent |
|
984
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Literature Tomas Tranströmer |
|
985
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Medicine Bruce A. Beutler |
|
986
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Medicine Jules A. Hoffmann |
|
987
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Medicine Ralph M. Steinman |
|
988
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Peace Ellen Johnson Sirleaf |
|
989
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Peace Leymah Gbowee |
|
990
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Peace Tawakkol Karman |
|
991
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Physics Adam G. Riess |
|
992
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Physics Brian P. Schmidt |
|
993
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 Physics Saul Perlmutter |
|
994
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
995
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Chemistry Brian K. Kobilka |
|
996
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Chemistry Robert J. Lefkowitz |
|
997
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Economics Alvin E. Roth |
|
998
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Economics Lloyd S. Shapley |
|
999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Literature Mo Yan |
|
1000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Medicine Shinya Yamanaka |
|
1001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Medicine Sir John B. Gurdon |
|
1002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Peace European Union |
|
1003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Physics David J. Wineland |
|
1004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 Physics Serge Haroche |
|
1005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Chemistry Arieh Warshel |
|
1007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Chemistry Martin Karplus |
|
1008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Chemistry Michael Levitt |
|
1009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Economics Eugene F. Fama |
|
1010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Economics Lars Peter Hansen |
|
1011
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Economics Robert J. Shiller |
|
1012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Literature Alice Munro |
|
1013
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Medicine James E. Rothman |
|
1014
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Medicine Randy W. Schekman |
|
1015
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Medicine Thomas C. Südhof |
|
1016
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Peace Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |
|
1017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Physics François Englert |
|
1018
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2013 Physics Peter Higgs |
|
1019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Chemistry Eric Betzig |
|
1021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Chemistry Stefan W. Hell |
|
1022
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Chemistry William E. Moerner |
|
1023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Economics Jean Tirole |
|
1024
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Literature Patrick Modiano |
|
1025
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Medicine John O'Keefe |
|
1026
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Medicine May-Britt Moser |
|
1027
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Medicine Edvard I. Moser |
|
1028
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Peace Kailash Satyarthi |
|
1029
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Peace Malala Yousafzai |
|
1030
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Physics Isamu Akasaki |
|
1031
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Physics Hiroshi Amano |
|
1032
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014 Physics Shuji Nakamura |
|
1033
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1034
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Chemistry Tomas Lindahl |
|
1035
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Chemistry Paul Modrich |
|
1036
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Chemistry Aziz Sancar |
|
1037
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Economics Angus Deaton |
|
1038
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Literature Svetlana Alexievich |
|
1039
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Medicine William C. Campbell |
|
1040
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Medicine Satoshi Omura |
|
1041
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Medicine Youyou Tu |
|
1042
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Peace National Dialogue Quartet |
|
1043
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Physics Takaaki Kajita |
|
1044
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015 Physics Arthur B. McDonald |
|
1045
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1046
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Chemistry Jean-Pierre Sauvage |
|
1047
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Chemistry Sir J. Fraser Stoddart |
|
1048
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Chemistry Bernard L. Feringa |
|
1049
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Economics Oliver Hart |
|
1050
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Economics Bengt Holmström |
|
1051
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Literature Bob Dylan |
|
1052
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Medicine Yoshinori Ohsumi |
|
1053
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Peace Juan Manuel Santos |
|
1054
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Physics David J. Thouless |
|
1055
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Physics F. Duncan M. Haldane |
|
1056
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016 Physics J. Michael Kosterlitz |
|
1057
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1058
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Chemistry Jacques Dubochet |
|
1059
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Chemistry Joachim Frank |
|
1060
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Chemistry Richard Henderson |
|
1061
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Economics Richard H. Thaler |
|
1062
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Literature Kazuo Ishiguro |
|
1063
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Medicine Jeffrey C. Hall |
|
1064
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Medicine Michael Rosbash |
|
1065
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Medicine Michael W. Young |
|
1066
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Peace International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons |
|
1067
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Physics Rainer Weiss |
|
1068
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Physics Barry C. Barish |
|
1069
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2017 Physics Kip S. Thorne |
|
1070
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1071
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Chemistry Frances H. Arnold |
|
1072
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Chemistry George P. Smith |
|
1073
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Chemistry Sir Gregory P. Winter |
|
1074
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Economics William D. Nordhaus |
|
1075
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Economics Paul M. Romer |
|
1076
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Medicine James P. Allison |
|
1077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Medicine Tasuku Honjo |
|
1078
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Peace Denis Mukwege |
|
1079
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Peace Nadia Murad |
|
1080
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Physics Arthur Ashkin |
|
1081
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Physics Gérard Mourou |
|
1082
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018 Physics Donna Strickland |
|
1083
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1084
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
|
1085
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1086
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
next unless $line =~ /^\s+(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(.*)/; |
|
1087
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
my ($year, $category, $name) = ($1, lc $2, $3); |
|
1088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$name = Acme::MetaSyntactic::RemoteList::tr_nonword( Acme::MetaSyntactic::RemoteList::tr_accent( $name ) ); |
|
1089
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$name =~ s/__+/_/g; |
|
1090
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$name =~ s/^_//g; |
|
1091
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$name =~ s/_$//g; |
|
1092
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$data->{names}{$category}{$year} .= "$name "; |
|
1093
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$data->{names}{$year}{$category} .= "$name "; |
|
1094
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
1095
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$data->{default} = ':all'; |
|
1096
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1097
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__PACKAGE__->init( $data ); |
|
1098
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
|
1099
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1; |
|
1101
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1102
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__END__ |