File Coverage

blib/lib/Venus/Assert.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	366	417	87.7
branch	154	230	66.9
condition	44	69	63.7
subroutine	119	136	87.5
pod	51	55	92.7
total	734	907	80.9

package Venus::Assert;

use 5.018;

use strict;
use warnings;

use Venus::Class 'attr', 'base', 'with';

use Venus::Match;
use Venus::Type;

base 'Venus::Kind::Utility';

with 'Venus::Role::Buildable';

use overload (
  '&{}' => sub{$_[0]->validator},
  fallback => 1,
);

# ATTRIBUTES

attr 'expects';
attr 'message';
attr 'name';

# BUILDERS

sub build_arg {
  my ($self, $name) = @_;

  return {
    name => $name,
  };
}

sub build_self {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  my $name = 'Unknown';
  my $message = 'Type assertion (%s) failed: received (%s), expected (%s)';

  $self->name($name) if !$self->name;
  $self->message($message) if !$self->message;
  $self->expects([]) if !$self->expects;
  $self->conditions;

  return $self;
}

# METHODS

sub any {
  my ($self) = @_;

  $self->constraints->when(sub{true})->then(sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub accept {
  my ($self, $name, @args) = @_;

  if (!$name) {
    return $self;
  }
  if ($self->can($name)) {
    return $self->$name(@args);
  }
  else {
    return $self->identity($name, @args);
  }
}

sub array {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('array', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub arrayref {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  return $self->array(@code);
}

sub attributes {
  my ($self, @pairs) = @_;

  $self->object(sub{
    my $check = 0;
    my $value = $_->value;
    return false if @pairs % 2;
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @pairs;) {
      my ($key, $data) = (map $pairs[$_], $i++, $i++);
      my ($match, @args) = (ref $data) ? (@{$data}) : ($data);
      $check++ if $value->can($key)
        && $self->new->do($match, @args)->check($value->$key);
    }
    ((@pairs / 2) == $check) ? true : false
  });

  return $self;
}

sub assertion {
  my ($self) = @_;

  my $assert = $self->SUPER::assertion;

  $assert->clear->expression('string');

  return $assert;
}

sub boolean {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('boolean', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub check {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  my $value = Venus::Type->new(value => $data);

  my @args = (value => $value, on_none => sub{false});

  return $self->constraints->renew(@args)->result;
}

sub checker {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  $self->expression($data) if $data;

  return $self->defer('check');
}

sub clear {
  my ($self) = @_;

  $self->constraints->clear;
  $self->coercions->clear;

  return $self;
}

sub code {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('code', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub coderef {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  return $self->code(@code);
}

sub coerce {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  my $value = Venus::Type->new(value => $data);

  my @args = (value => $value, on_none => sub{$data});

  return $self->coercions->renew(@args)->result;
}

sub coercion {
  my ($self, $type, $code) = @_;

  $self->coercions->when('coded', $type)->then($code);

  return $self;
}

sub coercions {
  my ($self) = @_;

  my $match = Venus::Match->new;

  return $self->{coercions} ||= $match if ref $self;

  return $match;
}

sub conditions {
  my ($self) = @_;

  return $self;
}

sub constraint {
  my ($self, $type, $code) = @_;

  $self->constraints->when('coded', $type)->then($code);

  return $self;
}

sub constraints {
  my ($self) = @_;

  my $match = Venus::Match->new;

  return $self->{constraints} ||= $match if ref $self;

  return $match;
}

sub consumes {
  my ($self, $role) = @_;

  my $where = $self->constraint('object', sub{true})->constraints->where;

  $where->when(sub{$_->value->DOES($role)})->then(sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub defined {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraints->when(sub{CORE::defined($_->value)})
    ->then(@code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub either {
  my ($self, @data) = @_;

  for (my $i = 0; $i < @data; $i++) {
    my ($match, @args) = (ref $data[$i]) ? (@{$data[$i]}) : ($data[$i]);
    $self->accept($match, @args);
  }

  return $self;
}

sub enum {
  my ($self, @data) = @_;

  for my $item (@data) {
    $self->constraints->when(sub{CORE::defined($_->value) && $_->value eq $item})
      ->then(sub{true});
  }

  return $self;
}

sub expression {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  return $self if !$data;

  $data =
  $data =~ s/\s*\n+\s*/ /gr =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//gr =~ s/\[\s+/[/gr =~ s/\s+\]/]/gr;

  $self->expects([$data]);

  my @parsed = $self->parse($data);

  $self->either(@parsed);

  return $self;
}

sub float {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('float', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub format {
  my ($self, $name, @code) = @_;

  if (!$name) {
    return $self;
  }
  if (lc($name) eq 'array') {
    return $self->coercion('array', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'boolean') {
    return $self->coercion('boolean', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'code') {
    return $self->coercion('code', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'float') {
    return $self->coercion('float', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'hash') {
    return $self->coercion('hash', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'number') {
    return $self->coercion('number', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'object') {
    return $self->coercion('object', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'regexp') {
    return $self->coercion('regexp', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'scalar') {
    return $self->coercion('scalar', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'string') {
    return $self->coercion('string', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  elsif (lc($name) eq 'undef') {
    return $self->coercion('undef', @code ? (@code) : sub{$_->value});
  }
  else {
    return $self->coercion('object', sub {
      UNIVERSAL::isa($_->value, $name)
        ? (@code ? $code[0]->($_->value) : $_->value)
        : $_->value;
    });
  }
}

sub hash {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('hash', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub hashkeys {
  my ($self, @pairs) = @_;

  $self->constraints->when(sub{
    CORE::defined($_->value) && UNIVERSAL::isa($_->value, 'HASH')
      && (keys %{$_->value}) > 0
  })->then(sub{
    my $check = 0;
    my $value = $_->value;
    return false if @pairs % 2;
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @pairs;) {
      my ($key, $data) = (map $pairs[$_], $i++, $i++);
      my ($match, @args) = (ref $data) ? (@{$data}) : ($data);
      $check++ if $self->new->do($match, @args)->check($value->{$key});
    }
    ((@pairs / 2) == $check) ? true : false
  });

  return $self;
}

sub hashref {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  return $self->hash(@code);
}

sub identity {
  my ($self, $name) = @_;

  $self->constraint('object', sub {$_->value->isa($name) ? true : false});

  return $self;
}

sub inherits {
  my ($self, $name) = @_;

  $self->constraint('object', sub {$_->value->isa($name) ? true : false});

  return $self;
}

sub integrates {
  my ($self, $name) = @_;

  $self->constraint('object', sub {
    $_->value->can('does') ? ($_->value->does($name) ? true : false) : false
  });

  return $self;
}

sub maybe {
  my ($self, $match, @args) = @_;

  $self->$match(@args) if $match;
  $self->undef;

  return $self;
}

sub number {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('number', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub object {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('object', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub package {
  my ($self) = @_;

  my $where = $self->constraint('string', sub{true})->constraints->where;

  $where->when(sub{$_->value =~ /^[A-Z](?:(?:\w|::)*[a-zA-Z0-9])?$/})->then(sub{
    require Venus::Space;

    Venus::Space->new($_->value)->loaded
  });

  return $self;
}

sub parse {
  my ($self, $expr) = @_;

  $expr ||= '';

  $expr =
  $expr =~ s/\s*\n+\s*/ /gr =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//gr =~ s/\[\s+/[/gr =~ s/\s+\]/]/gr;

  return _type_parse($expr);
}

sub received {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  require Scalar::Util;

  if (!defined $data) {
    return '';
  }

  my $blessed = Scalar::Util::blessed($data);
  my $isvenus = $blessed && $data->isa('Venus::Core') && $data->can('does');

  if (!$blessed && !ref $data) {
    return $data;
  }
  if ($blessed && ref($data) eq 'Regexp') {
    return "$data";
  }
  if ($isvenus && $data->does('Venus::Role::Explainable')) {
    return $self->dump(sub{$data->explain});
  }
  if ($isvenus && $data->does('Venus::Role::Valuable')) {
    return $self->dump(sub{$data->value});
  }
  if ($isvenus && $data->does('Venus::Role::Dumpable')) {
    return $data->dump;
  }
  if ($blessed && overload::Method($data, '""')) {
    return "$data";
  }
  if ($blessed && $data->can('as_string')) {
    return $data->as_string;
  }
  if ($blessed && $data->can('to_string')) {
    return $data->to_string;
  }
  if ($blessed && $data->isa('Venus::Kind')) {
    return $data->stringified;
  }
  else {
    return $self->dump(sub{$data});
  }
}

sub reference {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraints
    ->when(sub{CORE::defined($_->value) && ref($_->value)})
    ->then(@code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub regexp {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('regexp', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub render {
  my ($self, $into, $data) = @_;

  return _type_render($into, $data);
}

sub routines {
  my ($self, @data) = @_;

  $self->object->constraints->then(sub{
    my $value = $_->value;
    (@data == grep $value->can($_), @data) ? true : false
  });

  return $self;
}

sub scalar {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('scalar', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub scalarref {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  return $self->scalar(@code);
}

sub string {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('string', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub tuple {
  my ($self, @data) = @_;

  $self->constraints->when(sub{
    CORE::defined($_->value) && CORE::ref($_->value) eq 'ARRAY'
      && @data == @{$_->value}
  })->then(sub{
    my $check = 0;
    my $value = $_->value;
    return false if @data != @$value;
    for (my $i = 0; $i < @data; $i++) {
      my ($match, @args) = (ref $data[$i]) ? (@{$data[$i]}) : ($data[$i]);
      $check++ if $self->new->do($match, @args)->check($value->[$i]);
    }
    (@data == $check) ? true : false
  });

  return $self;
}

sub undef {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraint('undef', @code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub validate {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  my $valid = $self->check($data);

  return $data if $valid;

  require Scalar::Util;

  my $identity = lc(Venus::Type->new(value => $data)->identify);
  my $expected = (join ' OR ', @{$self->expects}) || 'indescribable constraints';
  my $message = sprintf($self->message, $self->name, $identity, $expected);

  $self->throw('error_on_validate', $data)->error;

  return;
}

sub validator {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  $self->expression($data) if $data;

  return $self->defer('validate');
}

sub value {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraints
    ->when(sub{CORE::defined($_->value) && !ref($_->value)})
    ->then(@code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

sub within {
  my ($self, $type, @next) = @_;

  if (!$type) {
    return $self;
  }

  my $where = $self->new;

  if (lc($type) eq 'hash' || lc($type) eq 'hashref') {
    $self->constraints->when(sub{
      CORE::defined($_->value) && UNIVERSAL::isa($_->value, 'HASH')
        && (keys %{$_->value}) > 0
    })->then(sub{
      my $value = $_->value;
      UNIVERSAL::isa($value, 'HASH')
        && CORE::values(%$value) == grep $where->check($_), CORE::values(%$value)
    });
  }
  elsif (lc($type) eq 'array' || lc($type) eq 'arrayref') {
    $self->constraints->when(sub{
      CORE::defined($_->value) && UNIVERSAL::isa($_->value, 'ARRAY')
        && @{$_->value} > 0
    })->then(sub{
      my $value = $_->value;
      UNIVERSAL::isa($value, 'ARRAY')
        && @$value == grep $where->check($_), @$value
    });
  }
  else {
    $self->throw('error_on_within', $type, @next)->error;
  }

  $where->accept(map +(ref($_) ? @$_ : $_), $next[0]) if @next;

  return $where;
}

sub yesno {
  my ($self, @code) = @_;

  $self->constraints->when(sub{
    CORE::defined($_->value) && $_->value =~ /^(?:1|y(?:es)?|0|n(?:o)?)$/i
  })->then(@code ? @code : sub{true});

  return $self;
}

# ERRORS

sub error_on_validate {
  my ($self, $data) = @_;

  require Venus::Type;

  my $legend = {
    array => 'arrayref',
    code => 'coderef',
    hash => 'hashref',
    regexp => 'regexpref',
    scalar => 'scalarref',
    scalar => 'scalarref',
  };

  my $identity = Venus::Type->new(value => $data)->identify;
     $identity = $legend->{lc($identity)} || lc($identity);

  my $expected = (join ' OR ', @{$self->expects}) || 'indescribable constraints';

  my $message = sprintf($self->message, $self->name, $identity, $expected);
     $message .= "\n\nReceived:\n\n\"@{[$self->received($data)]}\"\n\n";

  return {
    name => 'on.validate',
    message => $message,
    stash => {
      identity => $identity,
      variable => $data,
    },
  };
}

sub error_on_within {
  my ($self, $type, @args) = @_;

  return {
    name => 'on.within',
    message => "Invalid type (\"$type\") provided to the \"within\" method",
    stash => {
      self => $self,
      type => $type,
      args => [@args],
    },
  };
}

# ROUTINES

sub _type_parse {
  my @items = _type_parse_pipes(@_);

  my $either = @items > 1;

  @items = map _type_parse_nested($_), @items;

  return wantarray && !$either ? @items : [$either ? ("either") : (), @items];
}

sub _type_parse_lists {
  my @items = @_;

  my $r0 = '[\"\'\[\]]';
  my $r1 = '[^\"\'\[\]]';
  my $r2 = _type_subexpr_type_2();
  my $r3 = _type_subexpr_delimiter();

  return (
    grep length,
      map {split/,\s*(?=(?:$r1*$r0$r1*$r0)*$r1*$)(${r2}(?:${r3}[^,]*)?)?/}
        @items
  );
}

sub _type_parse_nested {
  my ($expr) = @_;

  return ($expr) if $expr !~ _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_2());

  my @items = ($expr);

  @items = ($expr =~ /^(\w+)\s*\[\s*(.*)\s*\]+$/g);

  @items = map _type_parse_lists($_), @items;

  @items = map +(
    $_ =~ qr/^@{[_type_subexpr_type_2()]},.*$/ ? _type_parse_lists($_) : $_
  ),
  @items;

  @items = map {s/^["']+|["']+$//gr} @items;

  @items = map _type_parse($_), @items;

  return (@items > 1 ? [@items] : @items);
}

sub _type_parse_pipes {
  my ($expr) = @_;

  my @items;

  # i.e. tuple[number, string] | tuple[string, number]
  if
  (
    _type_regexp_eval(
      $expr, _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_2())
    )
  )
  {
    @items = map _type_parse_tuples($_),
      _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_2()));
  }
  # i.e. string | tuple[number, string]
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_1(), _type_subexpr_type_2()))
  )
  {
    @items = map _type_parse_tuples($_),
      _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_1(), _type_subexpr_type_2()));
  }
  # i.e. tuple[number, string] | string
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_1()))
  )
  {
    @items = map _type_parse_tuples($_),
      _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_1()));
  }
  # special condition: i.e. tuple[number, string]
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr, _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_2()))
  )
  {
    @items = ($expr);
  }
  # i.e. "..." | tuple[number, string]
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_2()))
  )
  {
    @items = _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_2()));
    @items = (_type_parse_pipes($items[0]), _type_parse_tuples($items[1]));
  }
  # i.e. tuple[number, string] | "..."
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_3()))
  )
  {
    @items = _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_3()));
    @items = (_type_parse_tuples($items[0]), _type_parse_pipes($items[1]));
  }
  # i.e. Package::Name | "..."
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_4(), _type_subexpr_type_3()))
  )
  {
    @items = _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_4(), _type_subexpr_type_3()));
    @items = ($items[0], _type_parse_pipes($items[1]));
  }
  # i.e. "..." | Package::Name
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_4()))
  )
  {
    @items = _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_4()));
    @items = (_type_parse_pipes($items[0]), $items[1]);
  }
  # i.e. string | "..."
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_1(), _type_subexpr_type_3()))
  )
  {
    @items = _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_1(), _type_subexpr_type_3()));
    @items = ($items[0], _type_parse_pipes($items[1]));
  }
  # i.e. "..." | string
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_1()))
  )
  {
    @items = _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_1()));
    @items = (_type_parse_pipes($items[0]), $items[1]);
  }
  # i.e. "..." | "..."
  elsif
  (
    _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_3()))
  )
  {
    @items = map _type_parse_pipes($_),
      _type_regexp_eval($expr,
      _type_regexp_groups(_type_subexpr_type_3(), _type_subexpr_type_3()));
  }
  else {
    @items = ($expr);
  }

  return (@items);
}

sub _type_parse_tuples {
  map +(scalar(_type_regexp_eval($_,
    _type_regexp(_type_subexpr_type_2(), _type_subexpr_type_2())))
      ? (_type_parse_pipes($_))
      : ($_)), @_
}

sub _type_regexp {
  qr/^@{[_type_regexp_joined(@_)]}$/
}

sub _type_regexp_eval {
  map {s/^\s+|\s+$//gr} ($_[0] =~ $_[1])
}

sub _type_regexp_groups {
  qr/^@{[_type_regexp_joined(_type_subexpr_groups(@_))]}$/
}

sub _type_regexp_joined {
  join(_type_subexpr_delimiter(), @_)
}

sub _type_render {
  my ($into, $data) = @_;

  if (ref $data eq 'HASH') {
    $data = join ', ', map +(qq("$_"), _type_render($into, $$data{$_})),
      sort keys %{$data};
    $data = "$into\[$data\]";
  }

  if (ref $data eq 'ARRAY') {
    $data = join ', ', map +(/^\w+$/ ? qq("$_") : $_), @{$data};
    $data = "$into\[$data\]";
  }

  return $data;
}

sub _type_subexpr_delimiter {
  '\s*\|\s*'
}

sub _type_subexpr_groups {
  map "($_)", @_
}

sub _type_subexpr_type_1 {
  '\w+'
}

sub _type_subexpr_type_2 {
  '\w+\s*\[.*\]+'
}

sub _type_subexpr_type_3 {
  '.*'
}

sub _type_subexpr_type_4 {
  '[A-Za-z][:\^\w]+\w*'
}

1;



=head1 NAME

Venus::Assert - Assert Class

=cut

=head1 ABSTRACT

Assert Class for Perl 5

=cut

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  package main;

  use Venus::Assert;

  my $assert = Venus::Assert->new('Example');

  # $assert->format(float => sub {sprintf('%.2f', $_->value)});

  # $assert->accept(float => sub {$_->value > 1});

  # $assert->check;

=cut

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This package provides a mechanism for asserting type constraints and coercions
on data.

=cut

=head1 ATTRIBUTES

This package has the following attributes:

=cut

=head2 expects

  expects(ArrayRef)

This attribute is read-write, accepts C<(ArrayRef)> values, and is optional.

=cut

=head2 message

  message(Str)

This attribute is read-write, accepts C<(Str)> values, and is optional.

=cut

=head2 name

  name(Str)

This attribute is read-write, accepts C<(Str)> values, and is optional.

=cut

=head1 INHERITS

This package inherits behaviors from:

L

=cut

=head1 INTEGRATES

This package integrates behaviors from:

L

=cut

=head1 METHODS

This package provides the following methods:

=cut

=head2 accept

  accept(Str $name, Any @args) (Object)

The accept method registers a constraint based on the built-in type or package
name provided as the first argument. The built-in types are I<"array">,
I<"boolean">, I<"code">, I<"float">, I<"hash">, I<"number">, I<"object">,
I<"regexp">, I<"scalar">, I<"string">, or I<"undef">.  Any name given that is
not a built-in type is assumed to be a method (i.e. a method call) or an
I<"object"> of the name provided. Additional arguments are assumed to be
arguments for the dispatched method call. Optionally, you can provide a
callback to further constrain/validate the provided value, returning truthy or
falsy, for methods that support it.

I>

=over 4

=item accept example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->accept('float');

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->check;

  # 0

  # $assert->check(1.01);

  # 1

=back

=over 4

=item accept example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->accept('number');

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->check(1.01);

  # 0

  # $assert->check(1_01);

  # 1

=back

=over 4

=item accept example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package Example1;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package Example2;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->accept('object');

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->check;

  # 0

  # $assert->check(qr//);

  # 0

  # $assert->check(Example1->new);

  # 1

  # $assert->check(Example2->new);

  # 1

=back

=over 4

=item accept example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package Example1;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package Example2;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->accept('Example1');

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->check;

  # 0

  # $assert->check(qr//);

  # 0

  # $assert->check(Example1->new);

  # 1

  # $assert->check(Example2->new);

  # 0

=back

=cut

=head2 any

  any() (Assert)

The any method configures the object to accept any value and returns the
invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item any example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->any;

  # $assert->check;

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 array

  array(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The array method configures the object to accept array references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item array example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->array;

  # $assert->check([]);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 arrayref

  arrayref(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The arrayref method configures the object to accept array references and
returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item arrayref example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->arrayref;

  # $assert->check([]);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 attributes

  attributes(Str | ArrayRef[Str] @pairs) (Assert)

The attributes method configures the object to accept objects containing
attributes whose values' match the attribute names and types specified, and
returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item attributes example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->attributes;

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

=back

=over 4

=item attributes example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->attributes(name => 'string');

  # $assert->check(bless{});

  # false

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

=back

=over 4

=item attributes example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package Example3;

  use Venus::Class;

  attr 'name';

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->attributes(name => 'string', message => 'string');

  # $assert->check(bless{});

  # false

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

  # $assert->check(Example3->new);

  # false

=back

=cut

=head2 boolean

  boolean(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The boolean method configures the object to accept boolean values and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item boolean example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->boolean;

  # $assert->check(false);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 check

  check(Any $data) (Bool)

The check method returns true or false if the data provided passes the
registered constraints.

I>

=over 4

=item check example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $check = $assert->check;

  # 0

=back

=over 4

=item check example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $check = $assert->check('0.01');

  # 0

=back

=over 4

=item check example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $check = $assert->check('1.01');

  # 1

=back

=over 4

=item check example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $check = $assert->check(time);

  # 0

=back

=cut

=head2 checker

  checker(Str $expr) (CodeRef)

The checker method calls L with the type assertion signature
provided and returns a coderef which calls the L method when called.

I>

=over 4

=item checker example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $checker = $assert->checker('string');

  # sub { ... }

  # $checker->('hello');

  # true

  # $checker->(['goodbye']);

  # false

=back

=cut

=head2 clear

  clear() (Assert)

The clear method resets all match conditions for both constraints and coercions
and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item clear example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->clear;

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

=back

=cut

=head2 code

  code(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The code method configures the object to accept code references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item code example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->code;

  # $assert->check(sub{});

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 coderef

  coderef(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The coderef method configures the object to accept code references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item coderef example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->coderef;

  # $assert->check(sub{});

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 coerce

  coerce(Any $data) (Any)

The coerce method returns the coerced data if the data provided matches any of
the registered coercions.

I>

=over 4

=item coerce example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->coercion(float => sub { sprintf('%.2f', $_->value) });

  my $coerce = $assert->coerce;

  # undef

=back

=over 4

=item coerce example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->coercion(float => sub { sprintf('%.2f', $_->value) });

  my $coerce = $assert->coerce('1.01');

  # "1.01"

=back

=over 4

=item coerce example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->coercion(float => sub { sprintf('%.2f', $_->value) });

  my $coerce = $assert->coerce('1.00001');

  # "1.00"

=back

=over 4

=item coerce example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->coercion(float => sub { sprintf('%.2f', $_->value) });

  my $coerce = $assert->coerce('hello world');

  # "hello world"

=back

=cut

=head2 coercion

  coercion(Str $type, CodeRef $code) (Object)

The coercion method registers a coercion based on the type provided.

I>

=over 4

=item coercion example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->coercion(float => sub { sprintf('%.2f', $_->value) });

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

=back

=cut

=head2 coercions

  coercions() (Match)

The coercions method returns the registered coercions as a L object.

I>

=over 4

=item coercions example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $coercions = $assert->coercions;

  # bless(..., "Venus::Match")

=back

=cut

=head2 conditions

  conditions() (Assert)

The conditions method is an object construction hook that allows subclasses to
configure the object on construction setting up constraints and coercions and
returning the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item conditions example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->conditions;

=back

=over 4

=item conditions example 2

  package Example::Type::PositveNumber;

  use base 'Venus::Assert';

  sub conditions {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->number(sub {
      $_->value >= 0
    });

    return $self;
  }

  package main;

  my $assert = Example::Type::PositveNumber->new;

  # $assert->check(0);

  # true

  # $assert->check(1);

  # true

  # $assert->check(-1);

  # false

=back

=cut

=head2 constraint

  constraint(Str $type, CodeRef $code) (Object)

The constraint method registers a constraint based on the type provided.

I>

=over 4

=item constraint example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

=back

=cut

=head2 constraints

  constraints() (Match)

The constraints method returns the registered constraints as a L
object.

I>

=over 4

=item constraints example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $constraints = $assert->constraints;

  # bless(..., "Venus::Match")

=back

=cut

=head2 defined

  defined(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The defined method configures the object to accept any value that's not
undefined and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item defined example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->defined;

  # $assert->check(0);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 either

  either(Str | ArrayRef[Str|ArrayRef] $dispatch) (Assert)

The either method configures the object to accept "either" of the conditions
provided, which may be a string or arrayref representing a method call, and
returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item either example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->either('string');

  # $assert->check('1');

  # true

  # $assert->check(1);

  # false

=back

=over 4

=item either example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->either('string', 'number');

  # $assert->check(true);

  # false

  # $assert->check('1');

  # true

  # $assert->check(1);

  # true

=back

=over 4

=item either example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->either('number', 'boolean');

  # $assert->check(true);

  # true

  # $assert->check('1');

  # false

  # $assert->check(1);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 enum

  enum(Any @data) (Assert)

The enum method configures the object to accept any one of the provide options,
and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item enum example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->enum('s', 'm', 'l', 'xl');

  # $assert->check('s');

  # true

  # $assert->check('xs');

  # false

=back

=cut

=head2 expression

  expression(Str $expr) (Assert)

The expression method parses a string representation of an type assertion
signature, registers the subexpressions using the L and L
methods, and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item expression example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->expression('string');

  # $assert->check('hello');

  # true

  # $assert->check(['goodbye']);

  # false

=back

=over 4

=item expression example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->expression('string | coderef');

  # $assert->check('hello');

  # true

  # $assert->check(sub{'hello'});

  # true

  # $assert->check(['goodbye']);

  # false

=back

=over 4

=item expression example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->expression('string | coderef | Venus::Assert');

  # $assert->check('hello');

  # true

  # $assert->check(sub{'hello'});

  # true

  # $assert->check($assert);

  # true

  # $assert->check(['goodbye']);

  # false

=back

=over 4

=item expression example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->expression('Venus::Assert | within[arrayref, Venus::Assert]');

  # $assert->check('hello');

  # false

  # $assert->check(sub{'hello'});

  # false

  # $assert->check($assert);

  # true

  # $assert->check(['goodbye']);

  # false

  # $assert->check([$assert]);

  # true

=back

=over 4

=item expression example 5

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->expression('
    string
    | within[
        arrayref, within[
          hashref, string
        ]
      ]
  ');

  # $assert->check('hello');

  # true

  # $assert->check(sub{'hello'});

  # false

  # $assert->check($assert);

  # false

  # $assert->check([]);

  # false

  # $assert->check([{'test' => ['okay']}]);

  # false

  # $assert->check([{'test' => 'okay'}]);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 float

  float(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The float method configures the object to accept floating-point values and
returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item float example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->float;

  # $assert->check(1.23);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 format

  format(Str $name, CodeRef $callback) (Object)

The format method registers a coercion based on the built-in type or package
name and callback provided. The built-in types are I<"array">, I<"boolean">,
I<"code">, I<"float">, I<"hash">, I<"number">, I<"object">, I<"regexp">,
I<"scalar">, I<"string">, or I<"undef">.  Any name given that is not a built-in
type is assumed to be an I<"object"> of the name provided.

I>

=over 4

=item format example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->format('float', sub{int $_->value});

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->coerce;

  # undef

  # $assert->coerce(1.01);

  # 1

=back

=over 4

=item format example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->format('number', sub{ sprintf('%.2f', $_->value) });

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->coerce(1.01);

  # 1.01

  # $assert->coerce(1_01);

  # 101.00

=back

=over 4

=item format example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package Example1;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package Example2;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->format('object', sub{ ref $_->value });

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->coerce(qr//);

  # qr//

  # $assert->coerce(Example1->new);

  # "Example1"

  # $assert->coerce(Example2->new);

  # "Example2"

=back

=over 4

=item format example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package Example1;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package Example2;

  sub new {
    bless {};
  }

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->format('Example1', sub{ ref $_->value });

  # bless(..., "Venus::Assert")

  # ...

  # $assert->coerce(qr//);

  # qr//

  # $assert->coerce(Example1->new);

  # "Example1"

  # $assert->coerce(Example2->new);

  # bless({}, "Example2")

=back

=cut

=head2 hash

  hash(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The hash method configures the object to accept hash references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item hash example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->hash;

  # $assert->check({});

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 hashkeys

  hashkeys(Str | ArrayRef[Str] @pairs) (Assert)

The hashkeys method configures the object to accept hash based values
containing the keys whose values' match the specified types, and returns the
invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item hashkeys example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->hashkeys;

  # $assert->check({});

  # false

  # $assert->check({random => rand});

  # true

=back

=over 4

=item hashkeys example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->hashkeys(random => 'float');

  # $assert->check({});

  # false

  # $assert->check({random => rand});

  # true

  # $assert->check({random => time});

  # false

=back

=over 4

=item hashkeys example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->hashkeys(random => ['either', 'float', 'number']);

  # $assert->check({});

  # false

  # $assert->check({random => rand});

  # true

  # $assert->check({random => time});

  # true

  # $assert->check({random => 'okay'});

  # false

  # $assert->check(bless{random => rand});

  # true

  # $assert->check(bless{random => time});

  # true

  # $assert->check(bless{random => 'okay'});

  # false

=back

=cut

=head2 hashref

  hashref(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The hashref method configures the object to accept hash references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item hashref example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->hashref;

  # $assert->check({});

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 identity

  identity(Str $name) (Assert)

The identity method configures the object to accept objects of the type
specified as the argument, and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item identity example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->identity('Venus::Assert');

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 inherits

  inherits(Str $name) (Assert)

The inherits method configures the object to accept objects of the type
specified as the argument, and returns the invocant. This method is a proxy for
the L method.

I>

=over 4

=item inherits example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->inherits('Venus::Assert');

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 integrates

  integrates(Str $name) (Assert)

The integrates method configures the object to accept objects that support the
C<"does"> behavior and consumes the "role" specified as the argument, and
returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item integrates example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->integrates('Venus::Role::Doable');

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 maybe

  maybe(Str $type, Any @args) (Assert)

The maybe method configures the object to accept the type provided as an
argument, or undef, and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item maybe example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->maybe('code');

  # $assert->check(sub{});

  # true

  # $assert->check(undef);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 number

  number(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The number method configures the object to accept numberic values and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item number example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->number;

  # $assert->check(0);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 object

  object(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The object method configures the object to accept objects and returns the
invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item object example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->object;

  # $assert->check(bless{});

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 package

  package() (Assert)

The package method configures the object to accept package names (which are
loaded) and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item package example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->package;

  # $assert->check('Venus');

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 parse

  parse(Str $expr) (Any)

The parse method accepts a string representation of a type assertion signature
and returns a data structure representing one or more method calls to be used
for validating the assertion signature.

I>

=over 4

=item parse example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('');

  # ['']

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('any');

  # ['any']

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('string | number');

  # ['either', 'string', 'number']

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('enum[up,down,left,right]');

  # [['enum', 'up', 'down', 'left', 'right']]

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 5

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('number | float | boolean');

  # ['either', 'number', 'float', 'boolean']

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 6

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('Example');

  # ['Example']

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 7

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('coderef | Venus::Code');

  # ['either', 'coderef', 'Venus::Code']

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 8

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('tuple[number, arrayref, coderef]');

  # [['tuple', 'number', 'arrayref', 'coderef']]

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 9

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse('tuple[number, within[arrayref, hashref], coderef]');

  # [['tuple', 'number', ['within', 'arrayref', 'hashref'], 'coderef']]

=back

=over 4

=item parse example 10

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse(
    'tuple[number, within[arrayref, hashref] | arrayref, coderef]'
  );

  # [
  #   ['tuple', 'number',
  #     ['either', ['within', 'arrayref', 'hashref'], 'arrayref'], 'coderef']
  # ]




=back

=over 4

=item parse example 11

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $parsed = $assert->parse(
    'hashkeys["id", number | float, "upvotes", within[arrayref, boolean]]'
  );

  # [[
  #   'hashkeys',
  #   'id',
  #     ['either', 'number', 'float'],
  #   'upvotes',
  #     ['within', 'arrayref', 'boolean']
  # ]]

=back

=cut

=head2 reference

  reference(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The reference method configures the object to accept references and returns the
invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item reference example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->reference;

  # $assert->check(sub{});

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 regexp

  regexp(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The regexp method configures the object to accept regular expression objects
and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item regexp example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->regexp;

  # $assert->check(qr//);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 render

  render(Str $into, Str $expression) (Str)

The render method builds and returns a type expressions suitable for providing
to L based on the data provided.

I>

=over 4

=item render example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->render;

  # undef

=back

=over 4

=item render example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->render(undef, 'string');

  # "string"

=back

=over 4

=item render example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->render('routines', ['say', 'say_pretty']);

  # 'routines["say", "say_pretty"]'

=back

=over 4

=item render example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->render('hashkeys', {id => 'number', name => 'string'});

  # 'hashkeys["id", number, "name", string]'

=back

=over 4

=item render example 5

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->render('hashkeys', {
    id => 'number',
    profile => {
      level => 'string',
    },
  });

  # 'hashkeys["id", number, "profile", hashkeys["level", string]]'

=back

=cut

=head2 routines

  routines(Str @names) (Assert)

The routines method configures the object to accept an object having all of the
routines provided, and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item routines example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->routines('new', 'print', 'say');

  # $assert->check(Venus::Assert->new);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 scalar

  scalar(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The scalar method configures the object to accept scalar references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item scalar example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->scalar;

  # $assert->check(\1);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 scalarref

  scalarref(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The scalarref method configures the object to accept scalar references and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item scalarref example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->scalarref;

  # $assert->check(\1);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 string

  string(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The string method configures the object to accept string values and returns the
invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item string example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->string;

  # $assert->check('');

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 tuple

  tuple(Str | ArrayRef[Str] @types) (Assert)

The tuple method configures the object to accept array references which conform
to a tuple specification, and returns the invocant. The value being evaluated
must contain at-least one element to match.

I>

=over 4

=item tuple example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->tuple('number', ['maybe', 'array'], 'code');

  # $assert->check([200, [], sub{}]);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 undef

  undef(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The undef method configures the object to accept undefined values and returns
the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item undef example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->undef;

  # $assert->check(undef);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 validate

  validate(Any $data) (Any)

The validate method returns the data provided if the data provided passes the
registered constraints, or throws an exception.

I>

=over 4

=item validate example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $result = $assert->validate;

  # Exception! (isa Venus::Assert::Error) (see error_on_validate)

=back

=over 4

=item validate example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $result = $assert->validate('0.01');

  # Exception! (isa Venus::Assert::Error) (see error_on_validate)

=back

=over 4

=item validate example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $result = $assert->validate('1.01');

  # "1.01"

=back

=over 4

=item validate example 4

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert->constraint(float => sub { $_->value > 1 });

  my $result = $assert->validate(time);

  # Exception! (isa Venus::Assert::Error) (see error_on_validate)

=back

=cut

=head2 validator

  validator(Str $expr) (CodeRef)

The validator method returns a coderef that can be used as a value validator,
which returns the data provided if the data provided passes the registered
constraints, or throws an exception.

I>

=over 4

=item validator example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $validator = $assert->validator('string');

  # sub { ... }

  # $validator->('hello');

  # "hello"

  # $validator->(['goodbye']);

  # Exception! (isa Venus::Error) (see error_on_validate)

=back

=cut

=head2 value

  value(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The value method configures the object to accept defined, non-reference,
values, and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item value example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->value;

  # $assert->check(1_000_000);

  # true

=back

=cut

=head2 within

  within(Str $type) (Assert)

The within method configures the object, registering a constraint action as a
sub-match operation, to accept array or hash based values, and returns a
L instance for the sub-match operation (not the invocant).  This
operation can traverse blessed array or hash based values. The value being
evaluated must contain at-least one element to match.

I>

=over 4

=item within example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $within = $assert->within('array')->code;

  my $action = $assert;

  # $assert->check([]);

  # false

  # $assert->check([sub{}]);

  # true

  # $assert->check([{}]);

  # false

  # $assert->check(bless[]);

  # false

  # $assert->check(bless[sub{}]);

  # true

=back

=over 4

=item within example 2

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $within = $assert->within('hash')->code;

  my $action = $assert;

  # $assert->check({});

  # false

  # $assert->check({test => sub{}});

  # true

  # $assert->check({test => {}});

  # false

  # $assert->check({test => bless{}});

  # false

  # $assert->check({test => bless sub{}});

  # false

=back

=over 4

=item within example 3

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  my $within = $assert->within('hashref', 'code');

  my $action = $assert;

  # $assert->check({});

  # false

  # $assert->check({test => sub{}});

  # true

  # $assert->check({test => {}});

  # false

  # $assert->check({test => bless{}});

  # false

  # $assert->check({test => bless sub{}});

  # false

=back

=cut

=head2 yesno

  yesno(CodeRef $check) (Assert)

The yesno method configures the object to accept a string value that's either
C<"yes"> or C<1>, C<"no"> or C<0>, and returns the invocant.

I>

=over 4

=item yesno example 1

  # given: synopsis

  package main;

  $assert = $assert->yesno;

  # $assert->check(undef);

  # false

  # $assert->check(0);

  # true

  # $assert->check('No');

  # true

  # $assert->check('n');

  # true

  # $assert->check(1);

  # true

  # $assert->check('Yes');

  # true

  # $assert->check('y');

  # true

  # $assert->check('Okay');

  # false

=back

=cut

=head1 ERRORS

This package may raise the following errors:

=cut

=over 4

=item error: C

This package may raise an error_on_validate exception.

B

  # given: synopsis;

  my @args = ("...");

  my $error = $assert->throw('error_on_validate', @args)->catch('error');

  # my $name = $error->name;

  # "on_validate"

  # my $message = $error->message;

  # "..."

  # my $identity = $error->stash('identity');

  # "string"

=back

=over 4

=item error: C

This package may raise an error_on_within exception.

B

  # given: synopsis;

  my @args = ('coderef', 'string');

  my $error = $assert->throw('error_on_within', @args)->catch('error');

  # my $ = $error->name;

  # "on_within"

  # my $message = $error->message;

  # "Invalid type (\"$type\") palid ed to the \"within\" method"

  # my $self = $error->stash('self');

  # $assert

  # my $type = $error->stash('type'

  # "coderef"

  # my $args = $error->stash('args');

  # ["string"]

=back

=head1 AUTHORS

Awncorp, C

=cut

=head1 LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2000, Al Newkirk.

This program is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the Apache license version 2.0.

=cut