File Coverage

blib/lib/String/Util.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	130	168	77.3
branch	41	60	68.3
condition	10	20	50.0
subroutine	25	29	86.2
pod	21	22	95.4
total	227	299	75.9

package String::Util;

use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;
use v5.14;

# version
our $VERSION  = '1.34';
our $FGC_MODE = 'UTF-8';

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# opening POD
#

=head1 NAME

B -- String processing utility functions

=head1 DESCRIPTION

B provides a collection of small, handy functions for processing
strings in various ways.

=head1 INSTALLATION

  cpanm String::Util

=head1 USAGE

No functions are exported by default, they must be specified:

  use String::Util qw(trim eqq contains)

alternately you can use C<:all> to export B of the functions

  use String::Util qw(:all)

=head1 FUNCTIONS

=cut

#
# opening POD
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------



#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# export
#
use base 'Exporter';
use vars qw[@EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS];

# the following functions accept a value and return a modified version of
# that value
push @EXPORT_OK, qw[
	collapse     htmlesc    trim      ltrim
	rtrim        repeat     unquote   no_space
	nospace      jsquote    crunchlines
	file_get_contents
];

# the following functions return true or false based on their input
push @EXPORT_OK, qw[
	hascontent  nocontent eqq      neqq
	startswith  endswith  contains sanitize
];

# the following function returns the unicode values of a string
push @EXPORT_OK, qw[ ords deords ];

%EXPORT_TAGS = ('all' => [@EXPORT_OK]);
#
# export
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# collapse
#

=head2 collapse($string)

C collapses all whitespace in the string down to single spaces.
Also removes all leading and trailing whitespace.  Undefined input results in
undefined output.

  $var = collapse("  Hello     world!    "); # "Hello world!"

=cut

sub collapse {
	my ($val) = @_;

	if (defined $val) {
		$val =~ s|^\s+||s;
		$val =~ s|\s+$||s;
		$val =~ s|\s+| |sg;
	}

	return $val;
}

#
# collapse
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# hascontent
#

=head2 hascontent($scalar), nocontent($scalar)

C returns true if the given argument is defined and contains
something besides whitespace.

An undefined value returns false.  An empty string returns false.  A value
containing nothing but whitespace (spaces, tabs, carriage returns, newlines,
backspace) returns false.  A string containing any other characters (including
zero) returns true.

C returns the negation of C.

  $var = hascontent("");  # False
  $var = hascontent(" "); # False
  $var = hascontent("a"); # True

  $var = nocontent("");   # True
  $var = nocontent("a");  # False

=cut

sub hascontent {
	my $val = shift();

	if (!defined($val)) {
		return 0;
	}

	# If there are ANY non-space characters in it
	if ($val =~ m|\S|s) {
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

sub nocontent {
	my $str = shift();

	# nocontent() is just the inverse to hascontent()
	my $ret = !(hascontent($str));

	return $ret;
}

#
# hascontent
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# trim
#

=head2 trim($string), ltrim($string), rtrim($string)

Returns the string with all leading and trailing whitespace removed.

  $var = trim(" my string  "); # "my string"

C trims B whitespace only.

C trims B whitespace only.

=cut

sub trim {
	my $s = shift();

	if (!defined($s)) {
		return undef;
	}

	$s =~ s/^\s*//u;
	$s =~ s/\s*$//u;

	return $s;
}
#
# trim
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ltrim, rtrim
#

sub ltrim {
	my $s = shift();

	if (!defined($s)) {
		return undef;
	}

	$s =~ s/^\s*//u;

	return $s;
}

sub rtrim {
	my $s = shift();

	if (!defined($s)) {
		return undef;
	}

	$s =~ s/\s*$//u;

	return $s;
}

#
# ltrim, rtrim
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------



#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# no_space
#

=head2 nospace($string)

Removes B whitespace characters from the given string. This includes spaces
between words.

  $var = nospace("  Hello World!   "); # "HelloWorld!"

=cut

sub no_space {
	return nospace(@_);
}

# alias nospace to no_space
sub nospace {
	my $val = shift();

	if (defined $val) {
		$val =~ s|\s+||gs;
	}

	return $val;
}

#
# no_space
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------



#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# htmlesc
#

=head2 htmlesc($string)

Formats a string for literal output in HTML.  An undefined value is returned as
an empty string.

htmlesc() is very similar to CGI.pm's escapeHTML.  However, there are a few
differences. htmlesc() changes an undefined value to an empty string, whereas
escapeHTML() returns undefs as undefs.

=cut

sub htmlesc {
	my ($val) = @_;

	if (defined $val) {
		$val =~ s|\&|&|g;
		$val =~ s|\"|"|g;
		$val =~ s|\<|<|g;
		$val =~ s|\>|>|g;
	} else {
		$val = '';
	}

	return $val;
}
#
# htmlesc
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# jsquote
#

=head2 jsquote($string)

Escapes and quotes a string for use in JavaScript.  Escapes single quotes and
surrounds the string in single quotes.  Returns the modified string.

=cut

sub jsquote {
	my ($str) = @_;

	if (!defined($str)) {
		return undef;
	}

	# Escape single quotes.
	$str =~ s|'|\\'|gs;

	# Break up anything that looks like a closing HTML tag.  This modification
	# is necessary in an HTML web page.  It is unnecessary but harmless if the
	# output is used in a JavaScript document.
	$str =~ s|

	# break up newlines
	$str =~ s|\n|\\n|gs;

	# surround in quotes
	$str = qq|'$str'|;

	# return
	return $str;
}
#
# jsquote
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# unquote
#

=head2 unquote($string)

If the given string starts and ends with quotes, removes them. Recognizes
single quotes and double quotes.  The value must begin and end with same type
of quotes or nothing is done to the value. Undef input results in undef output.
Some examples and what they return:

  unquote(q|'Hendrix'|);   # Hendrix
  unquote(q|"Hendrix"|);   # Hendrix
  unquote(q|Hendrix|);     # Hendrix
  unquote(q|"Hendrix'|);   # "Hendrix'
  unquote(q|O'Sullivan|);  # O'Sullivan

B braces

If the braces option is true, surrounding braces such as [] and {} are also
removed. Some examples:

  unquote(q|[Janis]|, braces=>1);  # Janis
  unquote(q|{Janis}|, braces=>1);  # Janis
  unquote(q|(Janis)|, braces=>1);  # Janis

=cut

sub unquote {
	my ($val, %opts) = @_;

	if (defined $val) {
		my $found = $val =~ s|^\`(.*)\`$|$1|s or
			$val =~ s|^\"(.*)\"$|$1|s or
			$val =~ s|^\'(.*)\'$|$1|s;

		if ($opts{'braces'} && ! $found) {
			$val =~ s|^\[(.*)\]$|$1|s or
			$val =~ s|^\((.*)\)$|$1|s or
			$val =~ s|^\{(.*)\}$|$1|s;
		}
	}

	return $val;
}
#
# unquote
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# repeat
#

=head2 repeat($string, $count)

Returns the given string repeated the given number of times. The following
command outputs "Fred" three times:

  print repeat('Fred', 3), "\n";

Note that C was created a long time based on a misunderstanding of how
the perl operator 'x' works.  The following command using C would perform
exactly the same as the above command.

  print 'Fred' x 3, "\n";

Use whichever you prefer.

=cut

sub repeat {
	my ($val, $count) = @_;
	return ($val x int($count));
}
#
# repeat
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# eqq
# formerly equndef
#

=head2 eqq($scalar1, $scalar2)

Returns true if the two given values are equal.  Also returns true if both
are C.  If only one is C, or if they are both defined but different,
returns false. Here are some examples and what they return.

  $var = eqq('x', 'x');     # True
  $var = eqq('x', undef);   # False
  $var = eqq(undef, undef); # True

=cut

sub eqq {
	my ($str1, $str2) = @_;

	# if both defined
	if ( defined($str1) && defined($str2) ) {
		return $str1 eq $str2
	}

	# if neither are defined
	if ( (!defined($str1)) && (!defined($str2)) ) {
		return 1
	}

	# only one is defined, so return false
	return 0;
}
#
# eqq
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# neqq
# formerly neundef
#

=head2 neqq($scalar1, $scalar2)

The opposite of C, returns true if the two values are *not* the same.
Here are some examples and what they return.

  $var = neqq('x', 'x');     # False
  $var = neqq('x', undef);   # True
  $var = neqq(undef, undef); # False

=cut

sub neqq {
	return eqq(@_) ? 0 : 1;
}
#
# neqq
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ords
#

=head2 ords($string)

Returns the given string represented as the ascii value of each character.

  $var = ords('Hendrix'); # {72}{101}{110}{100}{114}{105}{120}

B

=over 4

=item * convert_spaces=>[true|false]

If convert_spaces is true (which is the default) then spaces are converted to
their matching ord values. So, for example, this code:

  $var = ords('a b', convert_spaces=>1); # {97}{32}{98}

This code returns the same thing:

  $var = ords('a b');                    # {97}{32}{98}

If convert_spaces is false, then spaces are just returned as spaces. So this
code:

  ords('a b', convert_spaces=>0);        # {97} {98}


=item * alpha_nums

If the alpha_nums option is false, then characters 0-9, a-z, and A-Z are not
converted. For example, this code:

  $var = ords('a=b', alpha_nums=>0); # a{61}b

=back

=cut

sub ords {
	my ($str, %opts) = @_;
	my (@rv, $show_chars);

	# default options
	%opts = (convert_spaces=>1, alpha_nums=>1, %opts);

	# get $show_chars option
	$show_chars = $opts{'show_chars'};

	# split into individual characters
	@rv = split '', $str;

	# change elements to their unicode numbers
	CHAR_LOOP:
	foreach my $char (@rv) {
		# don't convert space if called so
		if ( (! $opts{'convert_spaces'}) && ($char =~ m|^\s$|s) )
			{ next CHAR_LOOP }

		# don't convert alphanums
		if (! $opts{'alpha_nums'}) {
			if ( $char =~ m|^[a-z0-9]$|si) {
				next CHAR_LOOP;
			}
		}

		my $rv = '{';

		if ($show_chars)
			{ $rv .= $char . ':' }

		$rv .= ord($char) . '}';

		$char = $rv;
	}

	# return words separated by spaces
	return join('', @rv);
}
#
# ords
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# deords
#

=head2 deords($string)

Takes the output from C and returns the string that original created that
output.

  $var = deords('{72}{101}{110}{100}{114}{105}{120}'); # 'Hendrix'

=cut

sub deords {
	my ($str) = @_;
	my (@tokens, $rv);
	$rv = '';

	# get tokens
	@tokens = split(m|[\{\}]|s, $str);
	@tokens = grep {length($_)} @tokens;

	# build return string
	foreach my $token (@tokens) {
		$rv .= chr($token);
	}

	# return
	return $rv;
}
#
# deords
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 contains($string, $substring)

Checks if the string contains substring

  $var = contains("Hello world", "Hello");   # true
  $var = contains("Hello world", "llo wor"); # true
  $var = contains("Hello world", "QQQ");     # false

  # Also works with grep
  @arr = grep { contains("cat") } @input;

=cut

sub contains {
	my ($str, $substr) = @_;

	if (!defined($str)) {
		return undef;
	}

	if (!$substr) {
		$substr = $str;
		$str    = $_;
	}

	my $ret = index($str, $substr, 0) != -1;

	return $ret;
}

=head2 startswith($string, $substring)

Checks if the string starts with the characters in substring

  $var = startwith("Hello world", "Hello"); # true
  $var = startwith("Hello world", "H");     # true
  $var = startwith("Hello world", "Q");     # false

  # Also works with grep
  @arr = grep { startswith("X") } @input;

=cut

sub startswith {
	my ($str, $substr) = @_;

	if (!defined($str)) {
		return undef;
	}

	if (!$substr) {
		$substr = $str;
		$str    = $_;
	}

	my $ret = index($str, $substr, 0) == 0;

	return $ret;
}

=head2 endswith($string, $substring)

Checks if the string ends with the characters in substring

  $var = endswith("Hello world", "world");   # true
  $var = endswith("Hello world", "d");       # true
  $var = endswith("Hello world", "QQQ");     # false

  # Also works with grep
  @arr = grep { endswith("z") } @input;

=cut

sub endswith {
	my ($str, $substr) = @_;

	if (!defined($str)) {
		return undef;
	}

	if (!$substr) {
		$substr = $str;
		$str    = $_;
	}

	my $len   = length($substr);
	my $start = length($str) - $len;

	my $ret = index($str, $substr, $start) != -1;

	return $ret;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# crunchlines
#

=head2 crunchlines($string)

Compacts contiguous newlines into single newlines.  Whitespace between newlines
is ignored, so that two newlines separated by whitespace is compacted down to a
single newline.

  $var = crunchlines("x\n\n\nx"); # "x\nx";

=cut

sub crunchlines {
	my ($str) = @_;

	if (!defined($str)) {
		return undef;
	}

	while($str =~ s|\n[ \t]*\n|\n|gs)
		{}

	$str =~ s|^\n||s;
	$str =~ s|\n$||s;

	return $str;
}
#
# crunchlines
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 sanitize($string, $separator = "_")

Sanitize all non alpha-numeric characters in a string to underscores.
This is useful to take a URL, or filename, or text description and know
you can use it safely in a URL or a filename.

B This will remove any trailing or leading '_' on the string

  $var = sanitize("http://www.google.com/") # http_www_google_com
  $var = sanitize("foo_bar()";              # foo_bar
  $var = sanitize("/path/to/file.txt");     # path_to_file_txt
  $var = sanitize("Big yellow bird!", "."); # Big.yellow.bird

=cut

sub sanitize {
    my $str = shift();
    my $sep = shift() // "_";

    if (!defined($str)) {
        return undef;
    }

    # Convert multiple non-word sequences to the separator
    $str =~ s/[\W_]+/$sep/g;

    # The separator is a literal character so we quotemeta it
    $sep = quotemeta($sep);
    # Remove any separators at the beginning and end
    $str =~ s/\A$sep+//;
    $str =~ s/$sep+\z//;

    return $str;
}

###########################################################################

=head2 file_get_contents($string, $boolean)

Read an entire file from disk into a string. Returns undef if the file
cannot be read for any reason. Can also return the file as an array of
lines.

  $str   = file_get_contents("/tmp/file.txt");    # Return a string
  @lines = file_get_contents("/tmp/file.txt", 1); # Return an array

B If you opt to return an array, carriage returns and line feeds are
removed from the end of each line.

B File is read in B mode, unless C<$FGC_MODE> is set to an
appropriate encoding.

=cut

sub file_get_contents {
	my ($file, $ret_array) = @_;

	open (my $fh, "<", $file) or return undef;
	binmode($fh, ":encoding($FGC_MODE)");

	if ($ret_array) {
		my @ret;

		while (my $line = readline($fh)) {
			$line =~ s/[\r\n]*$//; # Remove CR/LF
			push(@ret, $line);
		}

		return @ret;
	} else {
		my $ret = '';
		while (my $line = readline($fh)) {
			$ret .= $line;
		}

		return $ret;
	}
}

# return true
1;


__END__