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# You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License |
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# or the Artistic License (the same terms as Perl itself) |
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# |
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# (C) Paul Evans, 2013 -- leonerd@leonerd.org.uk |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type; |
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65044
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use strict; |
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use warnings; |
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our $VERSION = '0.11'; |
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use Carp; |
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use Encode (); |
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use Protocol::CassandraCQL qw( :types ); |
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use Protocol::CassandraCQL::Frame; # collection types use it for encoding/decoding |
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=head1 NAME |
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C - represents a Cassandra CQL data type |
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=head1 DESCRIPTION |
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Objects in this class represent distinct types that may be found in Cassandra |
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CQL3, either as columns in query result rows, or as bind parameters to |
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prepared statements. It is used by L. |
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=cut |
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=head1 CONSTRUCTOR |
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=head2 $type = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_frame( $frame ) |
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Returns a new type object initialised by parsing the type information in the |
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given message frame. |
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=cut |
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sub from_frame |
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{ |
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shift; # ignore |
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my ( $frame ) = @_; |
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my $typeid = $frame->unpack_short; |
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my $class = "Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::" . Protocol::CassandraCQL::typename( $typeid ); |
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if( $class->can( "from_frame" ) != \&from_frame ) { |
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return $class->from_frame( @_ ); |
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} |
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elsif( $class->can( "new" ) ) { |
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return $class->new; |
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} |
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die "TODO: Unrecognised typeid $typeid"; |
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} |
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# Just for unit testing |
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# This and the LIST/MAP from_name methods form a simple incremental parser |
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sub from_name |
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{ |
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0
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10601
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shift; |
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346
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$_[0] =~ s/^([^<,>]+)//; |
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my $name = $1; |
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my $class = "Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::$name"; |
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if( $class->can( "from_name" ) != \&from_name ) { |
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return $class->from_name( @_ ); |
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} |
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elsif( $class->can( "new" ) ) { |
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return $class->new; |
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} |
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die "Unrecognised type name '$name'"; |
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} |
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sub new |
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{ |
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my $class = shift; |
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498
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return bless [], $class; |
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} |
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=head1 METHODS |
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=cut |
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=head2 $name = $type->name |
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Returns a string representation of the type name. |
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=cut |
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sub name |
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{ |
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1
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my $self = shift; |
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return +( ( ref $self ) =~ m/::([^:]+)$/ )[0]; |
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} |
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=head2 $bytes = $type->encode( $v ) |
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Encodes the given perl data into a bytestring. |
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=head2 $v = $type->decode( $bytes ) |
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Decodes the given bytestring into perl data. |
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=cut |
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111
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=head2 $message = $type->validate( $v ) |
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Validates whether the given perl data is valid for this type. If so, returns |
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false. Otherwise, returns an error message explaining why. |
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116
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=cut |
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118
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# if( $typeid == TYPE_CUSTOM ) { |
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# push @col, $frame->unpack_string; |
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# } |
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122
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# my ( $typeid, $custom ) = @{ $self->{columns}[$idx] }[4,5]; |
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# return $custom if $typeid == TYPE_CUSTOM; |
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125
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# Now the codecs |
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127
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package |
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Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_numeric; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
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634
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use Scalar::Util qw( looks_like_number ); |
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834
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sub validate { !looks_like_number($_[1]) ? "not a number" : undef } |
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133
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package |
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Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_integral; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_numeric ); |
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3723
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sub validate { $_[0]->SUPER::validate($_[1]) or |
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$_[1] != int($_[1]) ? "not an integer" : undef } |
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139
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# ASCII-only bytes |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::ASCII; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
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sub validate { $_[1] =~ m/[^\x00-\x7f]/ ? "non-ASCII" : undef } |
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1
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1
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sub encode { $_[1] } |
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1
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5
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sub decode { $_[1] } |
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146
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# 64-bit integer |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::BIGINT; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_integral ); |
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3603
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149
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2
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2
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18
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sub encode { pack "q>", $_[1] } |
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2
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22
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sub decode { unpack "q>", $_[1] } |
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152
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# blob |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::BLOB; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
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sub validate { undef } |
156
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1
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sub encode { $_[1] } |
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1
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5
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sub decode { $_[1] } |
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159
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# true/false byte |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::BOOLEAN; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
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9
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792
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162
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0
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sub validate { undef } |
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sub encode { pack "C", !!$_[1] } |
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2
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sub decode { !!unpack "C", $_[1] } |
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166
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# counter is a 64-bit integer |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::COUNTER; |
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::BIGINT ); |
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12
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3299
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169
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170
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# Not clearly docmuented, but this appears to be an INT decimal shift followed |
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# by a VARINT |
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::DECIMAL; |
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54
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_numeric ); |
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3222
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174
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use Scalar::Util qw( blessed ); |
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1799
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sub encode { |
176
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3
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3
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1583
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require Math::BigFloat; |
177
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3
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100
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19141
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my $shift = $_[1] =~ m/\.(\d*)$/ ? length $1 : 0; |
178
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3
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22
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my $n = blessed $_[1] ? $_[1] : Math::BigFloat->new( $_[1] ); |
179
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3
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1192
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return pack( "L>", $shift ) . Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::VARINT->encode( $n->blsft($shift, 10) ); |
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} |
181
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sub decode { |
182
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3
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3
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19
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require Math::BigFloat; |
183
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3
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11
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my $shift = unpack "L>", $_[1]; |
184
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3
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15
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my $n = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::VARINT->decode( substr $_[1], 4 ); |
185
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3
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276
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return scalar Math::BigFloat->new($n)->brsft($shift, 10); |
186
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} |
187
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188
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# IEEE double |
189
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::DOUBLE; |
190
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6
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6
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31
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use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_numeric ); |
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6
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9
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6
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3139
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191
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1
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1
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19
|
sub encode { pack "d>", $_[1] } |
192
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1
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1
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8
|
sub decode { unpack "d>", $_[1] } |
193
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194
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# IEEE single |
195
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::FLOAT; |
196
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6
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6
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31
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_numeric ); |
|
6
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10
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6
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3200
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197
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1
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1
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8
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sub encode { pack "f>", $_[1] } |
198
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1
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1
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9
|
sub decode { unpack "f>", $_[1] } |
199
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200
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# 32-bit integer |
201
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::INT; |
202
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6
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6
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33
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_integral ); |
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6
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12
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6
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3338
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203
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13
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13
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68
|
sub encode { pack "l>", $_[1] } |
204
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15
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15
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134
|
sub decode { unpack "l>", $_[1] } |
205
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206
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# UTF-8 text |
207
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::VARCHAR; |
208
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6
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6
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38
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
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6
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11
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6
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859
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209
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8
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8
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30
|
sub validate { undef } # TODO: maybe we can check for invalid codepoints? |
210
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13
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13
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47
|
sub encode { Encode::encode_utf8 $_[1] } |
211
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17
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17
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59
|
sub decode { Encode::decode_utf8 $_[1] } |
212
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213
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|
# 'text' seems to come back as 'varchar' |
214
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::TEXT; |
215
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6
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6
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29
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::VARCHAR ); |
|
6
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9
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6
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3212
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216
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217
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# miliseconds since UNIX epoch as 64bit uint |
218
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::TIMESTAMP; |
219
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6
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6
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290
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_integral ); |
|
6
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10
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6
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|
3474
|
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220
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1
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1
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8
|
sub encode { pack "Q>", ($_[1] * 1000) } |
221
|
1
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1
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8
|
sub decode { (unpack "Q>", $_[1]) / 1000 } |
222
|
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223
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|
# UUID is just a hex string - accept 32 hex digits, hypens optional |
224
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|
package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::UUID; |
225
|
6
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6
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34
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
|
6
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11
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6
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|
1313
|
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226
|
2
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2
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6
|
sub validate { ( my $hex = $_[1] ) =~ s/-//g; |
227
|
2
|
100
|
|
|
|
16
|
$hex !~ m/^[0-9A-F]{32}$/i ? "expected 32 hex digits" : undef } |
228
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
7
|
sub encode { ( my $hex = $_[1] ) =~ s/-//g; pack "H32", $hex } |
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
229
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
10
|
sub decode { join "-", unpack "H8 H4 H4 H4 H12", $_[1] } |
230
|
|
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231
|
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|
|
package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::TIMEUUID; |
232
|
6
|
|
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6
|
|
32
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::UUID ); |
|
6
|
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|
|
|
8
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
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|
3342
|
|
233
|
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234
|
|
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|
|
# Arbitrary-precision 2s-complement signed integer |
235
|
|
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|
|
# Math::BigInt doesn't handle signed, but we can mangle it |
236
|
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|
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|
|
package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::VARINT; |
237
|
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
34
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::_integral ); |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
3305
|
|
238
|
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
35
|
use Scalar::Util qw( blessed ); |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
2182
|
|
239
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub encode { |
240
|
11
|
|
|
11
|
|
1400
|
require Math::BigInt; |
241
|
11
|
100
|
|
|
|
66
|
my $n = blessed $_[1] ? $_[1] : Math::BigInt->new($_[1]); # upgrade to a BigInt |
242
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
243
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
301
|
my $bytes; |
244
|
11
|
100
|
|
|
|
36
|
if( $n < 0 ) { |
245
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
285
|
my $hex = substr +(-$n-1)->as_hex, 2; |
246
|
3
|
100
|
|
|
|
571
|
$hex = "0$hex" if length($hex) % 2; |
247
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
$bytes = ~(pack "H*", $hex); |
248
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Sign-extend if required to avoid appearing positive |
249
|
3
|
100
|
|
|
|
12
|
$bytes = "\xff$bytes" if unpack( "C", $bytes ) < 0x80; |
250
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
251
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
else { |
252
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
1057
|
my $hex = substr $n->as_hex, 2; # trim 0x |
253
|
8
|
100
|
|
|
|
450
|
$hex = "0$hex" if length($hex) % 2; |
254
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
38
|
$bytes = pack "H*", $hex; |
255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Zero-extend if required to avoid appearing negative |
256
|
8
|
100
|
|
|
|
35
|
$bytes = "\0$bytes" if unpack( "C", $bytes ) >= 0x80; |
257
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
258
|
11
|
|
|
|
|
54
|
$bytes; |
259
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
260
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub decode { |
261
|
11
|
|
|
11
|
|
44
|
require Math::BigInt; |
262
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
263
|
11
|
100
|
|
|
|
35
|
if( unpack( "C", $_[1] ) >= 0x80 ) { |
264
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
return -Math::BigInt->from_hex( "0x" . unpack "H*", ~$_[1] ) - 1; |
265
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
266
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
else { |
267
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
42
|
return Math::BigInt->from_hex( "0x" . unpack "H*", $_[1] ); |
268
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
269
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
270
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# 4 (AF_INET) or 16 (AF_INET6) byte address |
272
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::INET; |
273
|
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
39
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
1022
|
|
274
|
0
|
0
|
|
0
|
|
0
|
sub validate { length($_[1]) == 4 and return; |
275
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
length($_[1]) == 16 and return; |
276
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
0
|
"expected 4 bytes (AF_INET) or 16 bytes (AF_INET6)" } |
277
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
|
0
|
sub encode { $_[1] } |
278
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
|
0
|
sub decode { $_[1] } |
279
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
280
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 COLLECTION TYPES |
281
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head2 $etype = $type->element_type |
283
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns the type of the elements in the list or set, for C and C |
285
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
types. |
286
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
287
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head2 $ktype = $type->key_type |
288
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
289
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head2 $vtype = $type->value_type |
290
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
291
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returns the type of the keys and values in the map, for C |
292
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
293
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
294
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
295
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::LIST; |
296
|
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
34
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
3356
|
|
297
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub from_frame { |
298
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
my $class = shift; |
299
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
my $etype = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_frame( @_ ); |
300
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
bless [ $etype ], $class; |
301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
302
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub from_name { |
303
|
7
|
|
|
7
|
|
34
|
my $class = shift; |
304
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
|
32
|
$_[0] =~ s/^/ or die "Expected '<' following collection name\n"; |
305
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
21
|
my $etype = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_name( @_ ); |
306
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
|
29
|
$_[0] =~ s/^>// or die "Expected '>' following collection element type\n"; |
307
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
51
|
bless [ $etype ], $class; |
308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
309
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
7
|
sub element_type { $_[0][0] } |
310
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
10
|
sub name { $_[0]->SUPER::name . "<" . $_[0][0]->name . ">" } |
311
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub validate { |
312
|
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
10
|
my $l = $_[1]; |
313
|
6
|
100
|
|
|
|
8
|
eval { @$l } or return "not an ARRAY"; |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
314
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
my $etype = $_[0][0]; |
315
|
5
|
|
100
|
|
|
8
|
my $e; $e = $etype->validate( $l->[$_] ) and return "[$_]: $e" for 0 .. $#$l; |
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
316
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
15
|
undef; |
317
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
318
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub encode { |
319
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
8
|
my $l = $_[1]; |
320
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
22
|
my $etype = $_[0][0]; |
321
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
my $f = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Frame->new |
322
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
->pack_short( scalar @$l ); |
323
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
14
|
foreach my $i ( 0 .. $#$l ) { |
324
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
36
|
$f->pack_short_bytes( $etype->encode( $l->[$i] ) ); |
325
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
326
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$f->bytes |
327
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
} |
328
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub decode { |
329
|
2
|
|
|
2
|
|
3
|
local $_; |
330
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
my $etype = $_[0][0]; |
331
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
my $f = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Frame->new( $_[1] ); |
332
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
my $n = $f->unpack_short; |
333
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
return [ map { $etype->decode( $f->unpack_short_bytes ) } 1 .. $n ] |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
334
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
335
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
336
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::MAP; |
337
|
6
|
|
|
6
|
|
37
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type ); |
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
4215
|
|
338
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub from_frame { |
339
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
3
|
my $class = shift; |
340
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
my $ktype = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_frame( @_ ); |
341
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
my $vtype = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_frame( @_ ); |
342
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
6
|
bless [ $ktype, $vtype ], $class; |
343
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub from_name { |
345
|
7
|
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
my $class = shift; |
346
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
|
67
|
$_[0] =~ s/^/ or die "Expected '<' following collection name\n"; |
347
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
18
|
my $ktype = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_name( @_ ); |
348
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
|
29
|
$_[0] =~ s/^,// or die "Expected ',' following collection key type\n"; |
349
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
my $vtype = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type->from_name( @_ ); |
350
|
7
|
50
|
|
|
|
26
|
$_[0] =~ s/^>// or die "Expected '>' following collection value type\n"; |
351
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
39
|
bless [ $ktype, $vtype ], $class; |
352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
353
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
4
|
sub key_type { $_[0][0] } |
354
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
4
|
sub value_type { $_[0][1] } |
355
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
11
|
sub name { $_[0]->SUPER::name . "<" . $_[0][0]->name . "," . $_[0][1]->name . ">" } |
356
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sub validate { |
357
|
4
|
|
|
4
|
|
7
|
my $m = $_[1]; |
358
|
4
|
100
|
|
|
|
6
|
eval { %$m } or return "not a HASH"; |
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
359
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
my $vtype = $_[0][1]; |
360
|
3
|
|
100
|
|
|
5
|
my $e; $e = $vtype->validate( $m->{$_} ) and return "{$_}: $e" for keys %$m; |
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
361
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
undef; |
362
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} |
363
|
|
|
|
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sub encode { |
364
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3
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3
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5
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my $m = $_[1]; |
365
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3
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11
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my $ktype = $_[0][0]; |
366
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3
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7
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my $vtype = $_[0][1]; |
367
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3
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11
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my $f = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Frame->new |
368
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->pack_short( scalar keys %$m ); |
369
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3
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8
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foreach my $k ( keys %$m ) { |
370
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5
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14
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$f->pack_short_bytes( $ktype->encode( $k ) ); |
371
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5
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16
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$f->pack_short_bytes( $vtype->encode( $m->{$k} ) ); |
372
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} |
373
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$f->bytes |
374
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3
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11
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} |
375
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sub decode { |
376
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2
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2
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3
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local $_; |
377
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2
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4
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my $ktype = $_[0][0]; |
378
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2
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5
|
my $vtype = $_[0][1]; |
379
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2
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6
|
my $f = Protocol::CassandraCQL::Frame->new( $_[1] ); |
380
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2
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6
|
my $n = $f->unpack_short; |
381
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2
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5
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return { map { $ktype->decode( $f->unpack_short_bytes ), |
|
4
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10
|
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382
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$vtype->decode( $f->unpack_short_bytes ) } 1 .. $n } |
383
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} |
384
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385
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# We just represent a SET as a LIST - use an ARRAY of elements |
386
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package Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::SET; |
387
|
6
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6
|
|
54
|
use base qw( Protocol::CassandraCQL::Type::LIST ); |
|
6
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9
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6
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3261
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388
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389
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=head1 DATA ENCODINGS |
390
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391
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The following encodings to and from perl data are supported: |
392
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393
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=head2 ASCII |
394
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395
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To or from a string scalar, which must contain only US-ASCII codepoints (i.e. |
396
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C <= 127). |
397
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398
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|
=head2 BIGINT, BOOLEAN, COUNTER, DECIMAL, FLOAT, INT |
399
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400
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To or from a numeric scalar. |
401
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402
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=head2 BLOB |
403
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404
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To or from an opaque string scalar of bytes. |
405
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406
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|
=head2 DECIMAL |
407
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408
|
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|
To or from an instance of L, or from a regular numeric scalar. |
409
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410
|
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|
=head2 TIMESTAMP |
411
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412
|
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|
|
To or from a numeric scalar, representing a UNIX epoch timestamp as a float to |
413
|
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|
|
the nearest milisecond. |
414
|
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415
|
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|
=head2 UUID, TIMEUUID |
416
|
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|
417
|
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|
|
To or from a string containing hex digits and hyphens, in the form |
418
|
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|
|
C. |
419
|
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|
420
|
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|
|
=head2 VARCHAR |
421
|
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|
422
|
|
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|
|
To or from a string scalar containing Unicode characters. |
423
|
|
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|
|
424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head2 VARINT |
425
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
426
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To or from an instance of L, or from a regular numeric scalar. |
427
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head2 LIST, SET |
429
|
|
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|
|
|
|
430
|
|
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|
|
|
|
To or from an C reference containing elements. |
431
|
|
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|
|
|
|
432
|
|
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|
|
|
|
=head2 MAP |
433
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To or from a C reference, where the keys used must be of some string |
435
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
type. |
436
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
438
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
439
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 SPONSORS |
440
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
441
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This code was paid for by |
442
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
443
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=over 2 |
444
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
446
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perceptyx L |
448
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
449
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item * |
450
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
451
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shadowcat Systems L |
452
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
453
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=back |
454
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR |
456
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
457
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paul Evans |
458
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=cut |
460
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0x55AA; |