File Coverage

lib/MIME/Lite.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	367	662	55.4
branch	136	368	36.9
condition	38	107	35.5
subroutine	47	76	61.8
pod	37	54	68.5
total	625	1267	49.3

package MIME::Lite;
use 5.006;    ### for /c modifier in m/\G.../gc modifier
use strict;
use warnings;

=head1 NAME

MIME::Lite - low-calorie MIME generator

=head1 WAIT!

MIME::Lite is not recommended by its current maintainer.  There are a number of
alternatives, like Email::MIME or MIME::Entity and Email::Sender, which you
should probably use instead.  MIME::Lite continues to accrue weird bug reports,
and it is not receiving a large amount of refactoring due to the availability
of better alternatives.  Please consider using something else.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Create and send using the default send method for your OS a single-part message:

    use MIME::Lite;
    ### Create a new single-part message, to send a GIF file:
    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
        From     => '[e-mail]',
        To       => '[e-mail]',
        Cc       => '[e-mail], [e-mail]',
        Subject  => 'Helloooooo, nurse!',
        Type     => 'image/gif',
        Encoding => 'base64',
        Path     => 'hellonurse.gif'
    );
    $msg->send; # send via default

Create a multipart message (i.e., one with attachments) and send it via SMTP

    ### Create a new multipart message:
    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
        From    => '[e-mail]',
        To      => '[e-mail]',
        Cc      => '[e-mail], [e-mail]',
        Subject => 'A message with 2 parts...',
        Type    => 'multipart/mixed'
    );

    ### Add parts (each "attach" has same arguments as "new"):
    $msg->attach(
        Type     => 'TEXT',
        Data     => "Here's the GIF file you wanted"
    );
    $msg->attach(
        Type     => 'image/gif',
        Path     => 'aaa000123.gif',
        Filename => 'logo.gif',
        Disposition => 'attachment'
    );
    ### use Net::SMTP to do the sending
    $msg->send('smtp','some.host', Debug=>1 );

Output a message:

    ### Format as a string:
    $str = $msg->as_string;

    ### Print to a filehandle (say, a "sendmail" stream):
    $msg->print(\*SENDMAIL);

Send a message:

    ### Send in the "best" way (the default is to use "sendmail"):
    $msg->send;
    ### Send a specific way:
    $msg->send('type',@args);

Specify default send method:

    MIME::Lite->send('smtp','some.host',Debug=>0);

with authentication

    MIME::Lite->send('smtp','some.host', AuthUser=>$user, AuthPass=>$pass);

using SSL

    MIME::Lite->send('smtp','some.host', SSL => 1, Port => 465 );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

In the never-ending quest for great taste with fewer calories,
we proudly present: I.

MIME::Lite is intended as a simple, standalone module for generating
(not parsing!) MIME messages... specifically, it allows you to
output a simple, decent single- or multi-part message with text or binary
attachments.  It does not require that you have the Mail:: or MIME::
modules installed, but will work with them if they are.

You can specify each message part as either the literal data itself (in
a scalar or array), or as a string which can be given to open() to get
a readable filehandle (e.g., "

You don't need to worry about encoding your message data:
this module will do that for you.  It handles the 5 standard MIME encodings.

=head1 EXAMPLES

=head2 Create a simple message containing just text

    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
        From     =>'[e-mail]',
        To       =>'[e-mail]',
        Cc       =>'[e-mail], [e-mail]',
        Subject  =>'Helloooooo, nurse!',
        Data     =>"How's it goin', eh?"
    );

=head2 Create a simple message containing just an image

    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
        From     =>'[e-mail]',
        To       =>'[e-mail]',
        Cc       =>'[e-mail], [e-mail]',
        Subject  =>'Helloooooo, nurse!',
        Type     =>'image/gif',
        Encoding =>'base64',
        Path     =>'hellonurse.gif'
    );


=head2 Create a multipart message

    ### Create the multipart "container":
    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
        From    =>'[e-mail]',
        To      =>'[e-mail]',
        Cc      =>'[e-mail], [e-mail]',
        Subject =>'A message with 2 parts...',
        Type    =>'multipart/mixed'
    );

    ### Add the text message part:
    ### (Note that "attach" has same arguments as "new"):
    $msg->attach(
        Type     =>'TEXT',
        Data     =>"Here's the GIF file you wanted"
    );

    ### Add the image part:
    $msg->attach(
        Type        =>'image/gif',
        Path        =>'aaa000123.gif',
        Filename    =>'logo.gif',
        Disposition => 'attachment'
    );


=head2 Attach a GIF to a text message

This will create a multipart message exactly as above, but using the
"attach to singlepart" hack:

    ### Start with a simple text message:
    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
        From    =>'[e-mail]',
        To      =>'[e-mail]',
        Cc      =>'[e-mail], [e-mail]',
        Subject =>'A message with 2 parts...',
        Type    =>'TEXT',
        Data    =>"Here's the GIF file you wanted"
    );

    ### Attach a part... the make the message a multipart automatically:
    $msg->attach(
        Type     =>'image/gif',
        Path     =>'aaa000123.gif',
        Filename =>'logo.gif'
    );


=head2 Attach a pre-prepared part to a message

    ### Create a standalone part:
    $part = MIME::Lite->new(
        Top      => 0,
        Type     =>'text/html',
        Data     =>'Hello',
    );
    $part->attr('content-type.charset' => 'UTF-8');
    $part->add('X-Comment' => 'A message for you');

    ### Attach it to any message:
    $msg->attach($part);


=head2 Print a message to a filehandle

    ### Write it to a filehandle:
    $msg->print(\*STDOUT);

    ### Write just the header:
    $msg->print_header(\*STDOUT);

    ### Write just the encoded body:
    $msg->print_body(\*STDOUT);


=head2 Print a message into a string

    ### Get entire message as a string:
    $str = $msg->as_string;

    ### Get just the header:
    $str = $msg->header_as_string;

    ### Get just the encoded body:
    $str = $msg->body_as_string;


=head2 Send a message

    ### Send in the "best" way (the default is to use "sendmail"):
    $msg->send;


=head2 Send an HTML document... with images included!

    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(
         To      =>'[e-mail]',
         Subject =>'HTML with in-line images!',
         Type    =>'multipart/related'
    );
    $msg->attach(
        Type => 'text/html',
        Data => qq{

                Here's my image:


        },
    );
    $msg->attach(
        Type => 'image/gif',
        Id   => 'myimage.gif',
        Path => '/path/to/somefile.gif',
    );
    $msg->send();


=head2 Change how messages are sent

    ### Do something like this in your 'main':
    if ($I_DONT_HAVE_SENDMAIL) {
       MIME::Lite->send('smtp', $host, Timeout=>60,
           AuthUser=>$user, AuthPass=>$pass);
    }

    ### Now this will do the right thing:
    $msg->send;         ### will now use Net::SMTP as shown above

=head1 PUBLIC INTERFACE

=head2 Global configuration

To alter the way the entire module behaves, you have the following
methods/options:

=over 4


=item MIME::Lite->field_order()

When used as a L, this changes the default
order in which headers are output for I messages.
However, please consider using the instance method variant instead,
so you won't stomp on other message senders in the same application.


=item MIME::Lite->quiet()

This L can be used to suppress/unsuppress
all warnings coming from this module.


=item MIME::Lite->send()

When used as a L, this can be used to specify
a different default mechanism for sending message.
The initial default is:

    MIME::Lite->send("sendmail", "/usr/lib/sendmail -t -oi -oem");

However, you should consider the similar but smarter and taint-safe variant:

    MIME::Lite->send("sendmail");

Or, for non-Unix users:

    MIME::Lite->send("smtp");


=item $MIME::Lite::AUTO_CC

If true, automatically send to the Cc/Bcc addresses for send_by_smtp().
Default is B.


=item $MIME::Lite::AUTO_CONTENT_TYPE

If true, try to automatically choose the content type from the file name
in C/C.  In other words, setting this true changes the
default C from C<"TEXT"> to C<"AUTO">.

Default is B, since we must maintain backwards-compatibility
with prior behavior.  B consider keeping it false,
and just using Type 'AUTO' when you build() or attach().


=item $MIME::Lite::AUTO_ENCODE

If true, automatically choose the encoding from the content type.
Default is B.


=item $MIME::Lite::AUTO_VERIFY

If true, check paths to attachments right before printing, raising an exception
if any path is unreadable.
Default is B.


=item $MIME::Lite::PARANOID

If true, we won't attempt to use MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint,
or MIME::Types, even if they're available.
Default is B.  Please consider keeping it false,
and trusting these other packages to do the right thing.


=back

=cut

use Carp ();
use FileHandle;

use vars qw(
  $AUTO_CC
  $AUTO_CONTENT_TYPE
  $AUTO_ENCODE
  $AUTO_VERIFY
  $PARANOID
  $QUIET
  $VANILLA
  $VERSION
  $DEBUG
);


# GLOBALS, EXTERNAL/CONFIGURATION...
$VERSION = '3.033';

### Automatically interpret CC/BCC for SMTP:
$AUTO_CC = 1;

### Automatically choose content type from file name:
$AUTO_CONTENT_TYPE = 0;

### Automatically choose encoding from content type:
$AUTO_ENCODE = 1;

### Check paths right before printing:
$AUTO_VERIFY = 1;

### Set this true if you don't want to use MIME::Base64/QuotedPrint/Types:
$PARANOID = 0;

### Don't warn me about dangerous activities:
$QUIET = undef;

### Unsupported (for tester use): don't qualify boundary with time/pid:
$VANILLA = 0;

$MIME::Lite::DEBUG = 0;

#==============================
#==============================
#
# GLOBALS, INTERNAL...

my $Sender = "";
my $SENDMAIL = "";

if ( $^O =~ /win32|cygwin/i ) {
    $Sender = "smtp";
} else {
    ### Find sendmail:
    $Sender   = "sendmail";
    $SENDMAIL = "/usr/lib/sendmail";
    ( -x $SENDMAIL ) or ( $SENDMAIL = "/usr/sbin/sendmail" );
    ( -x $SENDMAIL ) or ( $SENDMAIL = "sendmail" );
    unless (-x $SENDMAIL) {
        require File::Spec;
        for my $dir (File::Spec->path) {
            if ( -x "$dir/sendmail" ) {
                $SENDMAIL = "$dir/sendmail";
                last;
            }
        }
    }
    unless (-x $SENDMAIL) {
        undef $SENDMAIL;
    }
}

### Our sending facilities:
my %SenderArgs = (
  sendmail  => [],
  smtp      => [],
  sub       => [],
);

### Boundary counter:
my $BCount = 0;

### Known Mail/MIME fields... these, plus some general forms like
### "x-*", are recognized by build():
my %KnownField = map { $_ => 1 }
  qw(
  bcc         cc          comments      date          encrypted
  from        keywords    message-id    mime-version  organization
  received    references  reply-to      return-path   sender
  subject     to

  approved
);

### What external packages do we use for encoding?
my @Uses;

### Header order:
my @FieldOrder;

### See if we have File::Basename
my $HaveFileBasename = 0;
if ( eval "require File::Basename" ) {    # not affected by $PARANOID, core Perl
    $HaveFileBasename = 1;
    push @Uses, "F$File::Basename::VERSION";
}

### See if we have/want MIME::Types
my $HaveMimeTypes = 0;
if ( !$PARANOID and eval "require MIME::Types; MIME::Types->VERSION(1.28);" ) {
    $HaveMimeTypes = 1;
    push @Uses, "T$MIME::Types::VERSION";
}

#==============================
#==============================
#
# PRIVATE UTILITY FUNCTIONS...

#------------------------------
#
# fold STRING
#
# Make STRING safe as a field value.  Remove leading/trailing whitespace,
# and make sure newlines are represented as newline+space

sub fold {
    my $str = shift;
    $str =~ s/^\s*|\s*$//g;    ### trim
    $str =~ s/\n/\n /g;
    $str;
}

#------------------------------
#
# gen_boundary
#
# Generate a new boundary to use.
# The unsupported $VANILLA is for test purposes only.

sub gen_boundary {
    return ( "_----------=_" . ( $VANILLA ? '' : int(time) . $$ ) . $BCount++ );
}

#------------------------------
#
# is_mime_field FIELDNAME
#
# Is this a field I manage?

sub is_mime_field {
    $_[0] =~ /^(mime\-|content\-)/i;
}

#------------------------------
#
# extract_full_addrs STRING
# extract_only_addrs STRING
#
# Split STRING into an array of email addresses: somewhat of a KLUDGE.
#
# Unless paranoid, we try to load the real code before supplying our own.
BEGIN {
    my $ATOM      = '[^ \000-\037()<>@,;:\134"\056\133\135]+';
    my $QSTR      = '".*?"';
    my $WORD      = '(?:' . $QSTR . '|' . $ATOM . ')';
    my $DOMAIN    = '(?:' . $ATOM . '(?:' . '\\.' . $ATOM . ')*' . ')';
    my $LOCALPART = '(?:' . $WORD . '(?:' . '\\.' . $WORD . ')*' . ')';
    my $ADDR      = '(?:' . $LOCALPART . '@' . $DOMAIN . ')';
    my $PHRASE    = '(?:' . $WORD . ')+';
    my $SEP       = "(?:^\\s*|\\s*,\\s*)"; ### before elems in a list

    sub my_extract_full_addrs {
        my $str = shift;
        return unless $str;
        my @addrs;
        $str =~ s/\s/ /g; ### collapse whitespace

        pos($str) = 0;
        while ( $str !~ m{\G\s*\Z}gco ) {
            ### print STDERR "TACKLING: ".substr($str, pos($str))."\n";
            if ( $str =~ m{\G$SEP($PHRASE)\s*<\s*($ADDR)\s*>}gco ) {
                push @addrs, "$1 <$2>";
            } elsif ( $str =~ m{\G$SEP($ADDR)}gco or $str =~ m{\G$SEP($ATOM)}gco ) {
                push @addrs, $1;
            } else {
                my $problem = substr( $str, pos($str) );
                die "can't extract address at <$problem> in <$str>\n";
            }
        }
        return wantarray ? @addrs : $addrs[0];
    }

    sub my_extract_only_addrs {
        my @ret = map { /<([^>]+)>/ ? $1 : $_ } my_extract_full_addrs(@_);
        return wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
    }
}
#------------------------------


if ( !$PARANOID and eval "require Mail::Address" ) {
    push @Uses, "A$Mail::Address::VERSION";
    eval q{
                sub extract_full_addrs {
                    my @ret=map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
                    return wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0]
                }
                sub extract_only_addrs {
                    my @ret=map { $_->address } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
                    return wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0]
                }
    };    ### q
} else {
    eval q{
        *extract_full_addrs=*my_extract_full_addrs;
        *extract_only_addrs=*my_extract_only_addrs;
    };    ### q
}    ### if

#==============================
#==============================
#
# PRIVATE ENCODING FUNCTIONS...

#------------------------------
#
# encode_base64 STRING
#
# Encode the given string using BASE64.
# Unless paranoid, we try to load the real code before supplying our own.

if ( !$PARANOID and eval "require MIME::Base64" ) {
    import MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64);
    push @Uses, "B$MIME::Base64::VERSION";
} else {
    eval q{
        sub encode_base64 {
            my $res = "";
            my $eol = "\n";

            pos($_[0]) = 0;        ### thanks, Andreas!
            while ($_[0] =~ /(.{1,45})/gs) {
            $res .= substr(pack('u', $1), 1);
            chop($res);
            }
            $res =~ tr|` -_|AA-Za-z0-9+/|;

            ### Fix padding at the end:
            my $padding = (3 - length($_[0]) % 3) % 3;
            $res =~ s/.{$padding}$/'=' x $padding/e if $padding;

            ### Break encoded string into lines of no more than 76 characters each:
            $res =~ s/(.{1,76})/$1$eol/g if (length $eol);
            return $res;
        } ### sub
  }    ### q
}    ### if

#------------------------------
#
# encode_qp STRING
#
# Encode the given string, LINE BY LINE, using QUOTED-PRINTABLE.
# Stolen from MIME::QuotedPrint by Gisle Aas, with a slight bug fix: we
# break lines earlier.  Notice that this seems not to work unless
# encoding line by line.
#
# Unless paranoid, we try to load the real code before supplying our own.

if ( !$PARANOID and eval "require MIME::QuotedPrint" ) {
    import MIME::QuotedPrint qw(encode_qp);
    push @Uses, "Q$MIME::QuotedPrint::VERSION";
} else {
    eval q{
        sub encode_qp {
            my $res = shift;
            local($_);
            $res =~ s/([^ \t\n!-<>-~])/sprintf("=%02X", ord($1))/eg;  ### rule #2,#3
            $res =~ s/([ \t]+)$/
              join('', map { sprintf("=%02X", ord($_)) }
                       split('', $1)
              )/egm;                        ### rule #3 (encode whitespace at eol)

            ### rule #5 (lines shorter than 76 chars, but can't break =XX escapes:
            my $brokenlines = "";
            $brokenlines .= "$1=\n" while $res =~ s/^(.{70}([^=]{2})?)//; ### 70 was 74
            $brokenlines =~ s/=\n$// unless length $res;
            "$brokenlines$res";
        } ### sub
  }    ### q
}    ### if


#------------------------------
#
# encode_8bit STRING
#
# Encode the given string using 8BIT.
# This breaks long lines into shorter ones.

sub encode_8bit {
    my $str = shift;
    $str =~ s/^(.{990})/$1\n/mg;
    $str;
}

#------------------------------
#
# encode_7bit STRING
#
# Encode the given string using 7BIT.
# This NO LONGER protects people through encoding.

sub encode_7bit {
    my $str = shift;
    $str =~ s/[\x80-\xFF]//g;
    $str =~ s/^(.{990})/$1\n/mg;
    $str;
}

#==============================
#==============================

=head2 Construction

=over 4

=cut


#------------------------------

=item new [PARAMHASH]

I
Create a new message object.

If any arguments are given, they are passed into C; otherwise,
just the empty object is created.

=cut


sub new {
    my $class = shift;

    ### Create basic object:
    my $self = { Attrs    => {},    ### MIME attributes
                 SubAttrs => {},    ### MIME sub-attributes
                 Header   => [],    ### explicit message headers
                 Parts    => [],    ### array of parts
    };
    bless $self, $class;

    ### Build, if needed:
    return ( @_ ? $self->build(@_) : $self );
}


#------------------------------

=item attach PART

=item attach PARAMHASH...

I
Add a new part to this message, and return the new part.

If you supply a single PART argument, it will be regarded
as a MIME::Lite object to be attached.  Otherwise, this
method assumes that you are giving in the pairs of a PARAMHASH
which will be sent into C to create the new part.

One of the possibly-quite-useful hacks thrown into this is the
"attach-to-singlepart" hack: if you attempt to attach a part (let's
call it "part 1") to a message that doesn't have a content-type
of "multipart" or "message", the following happens:

=over 4

=item *

A new part (call it "part 0") is made.

=item *

The MIME attributes and data (but I the other headers)
are cut from the "self" message, and pasted into "part 0".

=item *

The "self" is turned into a "multipart/mixed" message.

=item *

The new "part 0" is added to the "self", and I "part 1" is added.

=back

One of the nice side-effects is that you can create a text message
and then add zero or more attachments to it, much in the same way
that a user agent like Netscape allows you to do.

=cut


sub attach {
    my $self = shift;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};
    my $sub_attrs = $self->{SubAttrs};

    ### Create new part, if necessary:
    my $part1 = ( ( @_ == 1 ) ? shift: ref($self)->new( Top => 0, @_ ) );

    ### Do the "attach-to-singlepart" hack:
    if ( $attrs->{'content-type'} !~ m{^(multipart|message)/}i ) {

        ### Create part zero:
        my $part0 = ref($self)->new;

        ### Cut MIME stuff from self, and paste into part zero:
        foreach (qw(SubAttrs Attrs Data Path FH)) {
            $part0->{$_} = $self->{$_};
            delete( $self->{$_} );
        }
        $part0->top_level(0);    ### clear top-level attributes

        ### Make self a top-level multipart:
        $attrs = $self->{Attrs} ||= {};       ### reset (sam: bug?  this doesn't reset anything since Attrs is already a hash-ref)
        $sub_attrs = $self->{SubAttrs} ||= {};    ### reset
        $attrs->{'content-type'}              = 'multipart/mixed';
        $sub_attrs->{'content-type'}{'boundary'}      = gen_boundary();
        $attrs->{'content-transfer-encoding'} = '7bit';
        $self->top_level(1);      ### activate top-level attributes

        ### Add part 0:
        push @{ $self->{Parts} }, $part0;
    }

    ### Add the new part:
    push @{ $self->{Parts} }, $part1;
    $part1;
}

#------------------------------

=item build [PARAMHASH]

I
Create (or initialize) a MIME message object.
Normally, you'll use the following keys in PARAMHASH:

   * Data, FH, or Path      (either one of these, or none if multipart)
   * Type                   (e.g., "image/jpeg")
   * From, To, and Subject  (if this is the "top level" of a message)

The PARAMHASH can contain the following keys:

=over 4

=item (fieldname)

Any field you want placed in the message header, taken from the
standard list of header fields (you don't need to worry about case):

    Approved      Encrypted     Received      Sender
    Bcc           From          References    Subject
    Cc            Keywords      Reply-To      To
    Comments      Message-ID    Resent-*      X-*
    Content-*     MIME-Version  Return-Path
    Date                        Organization

To give experienced users some veto power, these fields will be set
I the ones I set... so be careful: I
(like C) unless you know what you're doing!

To specify a fieldname that's I in the above list, even one that's
identical to an option below, just give it with a trailing C<":">,
like C<"My-field:">.  When in doubt, that I signals a mail
field (and it sort of looks like one too).

=item Data

I
The actual message data.  This may be a scalar or a ref to an array of
strings; if the latter, the message consists of a simple concatenation
of all the strings in the array.

=item Datestamp

I
If given true (or omitted), we force the creation of a C field
stamped with the current date/time if this is a top-level message.
You may want this if using L.
If you don't want this to be done, either provide your own Date
or explicitly set this to false.

=item Disposition

I
The content disposition, C<"inline"> or C<"attachment">.
The default is C<"inline">.

=item Encoding

I
The content transfer encoding that should be used to encode your data:

   Use encoding:     | If your message contains:
   ------------------------------------------------------------
   7bit              | Only 7-bit text, all lines <1000 characters
   8bit              | 8-bit text, all lines <1000 characters
   quoted-printable  | 8-bit text or long lines (more reliable than "8bit")
   base64            | Largely non-textual data: a GIF, a tar file, etc.

The default is taken from the Type; generally it is "binary" (no
encoding) for text/*, message/*, and multipart/*, and "base64" for
everything else.  A value of C<"binary"> is generally I suitable
for sending anything but ASCII text files with lines under 1000
characters, so consider using one of the other values instead.

In the case of "7bit"/"8bit", long lines are automatically chopped to
legal length; in the case of "7bit", all 8-bit characters are
automatically I.  This may not be what you want, so pick your
encoding well!  For more info, see L<"A MIME PRIMER">.

=item FH

I
Filehandle containing the data, opened for reading.
See "ReadNow" also.

=item Filename

I
The name of the attachment.  You can use this to supply a
recommended filename for the end-user who is saving the attachment
to disk.  You only need this if the filename at the end of the
"Path" is inadequate, or if you're using "Data" instead of "Path".
You should I put path information in here (e.g., no "/"
or "\" or ":" characters should be used).

=item Id

I
Same as setting "content-id".

=item Length

I
Set the content length explicitly.  Normally, this header is automatically
computed, but only under certain circumstances (see L<"Benign limitations">).

=item Path

I
Path to a file containing the data... actually, it can be any open()able
expression.  If it looks like a path, the last element will automatically
be treated as the filename.
See "ReadNow" also.

=item ReadNow

I
If true, will open the path and slurp the contents into core now.
This is useful if the Path points to a command and you don't want
to run the command over and over if outputting the message several
times.  B raised if the open fails.

=item Top

I
If defined, indicates whether or not this is a "top-level" MIME message.
The parts of a multipart message are I top-level.
Default is true.

=item Type

I
The MIME content type, or one of these special values (case-sensitive):

     "TEXT"   means "text/plain"
     "BINARY" means "application/octet-stream"
     "AUTO"   means attempt to guess from the filename, falling back
              to 'application/octet-stream'.  This is good if you have
              MIME::Types on your system and you have no idea what
              file might be used for the attachment.

The default is C<"TEXT">, but it will be C<"AUTO"> if you set
$AUTO_CONTENT_TYPE to true (sorry, but you have to enable
it explicitly, since we don't want to break code which depends
on the old behavior).

=back

A picture being worth 1000 words (which
is of course 2000 bytes, so it's probably more of an "icon" than a "picture",
but I digress...), here are some examples:

    $msg = MIME::Lite->build(
        From     => '[e-mail]',
        To       => '[e-mail]',
        Subject  => "Hi there!",
        Type     => 'TEXT',
        Encoding => '7bit',
        Data     => "Just a quick note to say hi!"
    );

    $msg = MIME::Lite->build(
        From     => '[e-mail]',
        To       => '[e-mail]',
        Subject  => "A gif for U"
        Type     => 'image/gif',
        Path     => "/home/httpd/logo.gif"
    );

    $msg = MIME::Lite->build(
        From     => '[e-mail]',
        To       => '[e-mail]',
        Subject  => "A gzipp'ed tar file",
        Type     => 'x-gzip',
        Path     => "gzip < /usr/inc/somefile.tar |",
        ReadNow  => 1,
        Filename => "somefile.tgz"
    );

To show you what's really going on, that last example could also
have been written:

    $msg = new MIME::Lite;
    $msg->build(
        Type     => 'x-gzip',
        Path     => "gzip < /usr/inc/somefile.tar |",
        ReadNow  => 1,
        Filename => "somefile.tgz"
    );
    $msg->add(From    => "[e-mail]");
    $msg->add(To      => "[e-mail]");
    $msg->add(Subject => "A gzipp'ed tar file");

=cut


sub build {
    my $self   = shift;
    my %params = @_;
    my @params = @_;
    my $key;

    ### Miko's note: reorganized to check for exactly one of Data, Path, or FH
    ( defined( $params{Data} ) + defined( $params{Path} ) + defined( $params{FH} ) <= 1 )
      or Carp::croak "supply exactly zero or one of (Data|Path|FH).\n";

    ### Create new instance, if necessary:
    ref($self) or $self = $self->new;


    ### CONTENT-TYPE....
    ###

    ### Get content-type or content-type-macro:
    my $type = ( $params{Type} || ( $AUTO_CONTENT_TYPE ? 'AUTO' : 'TEXT' ) );

    ### Interpret content-type-macros:
    if    ( $type eq 'TEXT' )   { $type = 'text/plain'; }
    elsif ( $type eq 'HTML' )   { $type = 'text/html'; }
    elsif ( $type eq 'BINARY' ) { $type = 'application/octet-stream' }
    elsif ( $type eq 'AUTO' )   { $type = $self->suggest_type( $params{Path} ); }

    ### We now have a content-type; set it:
    $type = lc($type);
    my $attrs  = $self->{Attrs};
    my $sub_attrs  = $self->{SubAttrs};
    $attrs->{'content-type'} = $type;

    ### Get some basic attributes from the content type:
    my $is_multipart = ( $type =~ m{^(multipart)/}i );

    ### Add in the multipart boundary:
    if ($is_multipart) {
        my $boundary = gen_boundary();
        $sub_attrs->{'content-type'}{'boundary'} = $boundary;
    }


    ### CONTENT-ID...
    ###
    if ( defined $params{Id} ) {
        my $id = $params{Id};
        $id = "<$id>" unless $id =~ /\A\s*<.*>\s*\z/;
        $attrs->{'content-id'} = $id;
    }


    ### DATA OR PATH...
    ###    Note that we must do this *after* we get the content type,
    ###    in case read_now() is invoked, since it needs the binmode().

    ### Get data, as...
    ### ...either literal data:
    if ( defined( $params{Data} ) ) {
        $self->data( $params{Data} );
    }
    ### ...or a path to data:
    elsif ( defined( $params{Path} ) ) {
        $self->path( $params{Path} );    ### also sets filename
        $self->read_now if $params{ReadNow};
    }
    ### ...or a filehandle to data:
    ### Miko's note: this part works much like the path routine just above,
    elsif ( defined( $params{FH} ) ) {
        $self->fh( $params{FH} );
        $self->read_now if $params{ReadNow};    ### implement later
    }


    ### FILENAME... (added by Ian Smith  on 8/4/97)
    ###    Need this to make sure the filename is added.  The Filename
    ###    attribute is ignored, otherwise.
    if ( defined( $params{Filename} ) ) {
        $self->filename( $params{Filename} );
    }


    ### CONTENT-TRANSFER-ENCODING...
    ###

    ### Get it:
    my $enc =
      ( $params{Encoding} || ( $AUTO_ENCODE and $self->suggest_encoding($type) ) || 'binary' );
    $attrs->{'content-transfer-encoding'} = lc($enc);

    ### Sanity check:
    if ( $type =~ m{^(multipart|message)/} ) {
        ( $enc =~ m{^(7bit|8bit|binary)\Z} )
          or Carp::croak( "illegal MIME: " . "can't have encoding $enc with type $type\n" );
    }

    ### CONTENT-DISPOSITION...
    ###    Default is inline for single, none for multis:
    ###
    my $disp = ( $params{Disposition} or ( $is_multipart ? undef: 'inline' ) );
    $attrs->{'content-disposition'} = $disp;

    ### CONTENT-LENGTH...
    ###
    my $length;
    if ( exists( $params{Length} ) ) {    ### given by caller:
        $attrs->{'content-length'} = $params{Length};
    } else {                              ### compute it ourselves
        $self->get_length;
    }

    ### Init the top-level fields:
    my $is_top = defined( $params{Top} ) ? $params{Top} : 1;
    $self->top_level($is_top);

    ### Datestamp if desired:
    my $ds_wanted = $params{Datestamp};
    my $ds_defaulted = ( $is_top and !exists( $params{Datestamp} ) );
    if ( ( $ds_wanted or $ds_defaulted ) and !exists( $params{Date} ) ) {
        require Email::Date::Format;
        $self->add( "date", Email::Date::Format::email_date() );
    }

    ### Set message headers:
    my @paramz = @params;
    my $field;
    while (@paramz) {
        my ( $tag, $value ) = ( shift(@paramz), shift(@paramz) );
        my $lc_tag = lc($tag);

        ### Get tag, if a tag:
        if ( $lc_tag =~ /^-(.*)/ ) {                   ### old style, backwards-compatibility
            $field = $1;
        } elsif ( $lc_tag =~ /^(.*):$/ ) {             ### new style
            $field = $1;
        } elsif ( $KnownField{$lc_tag} or
                  $lc_tag =~ m{^(content|resent|x)-.} ){
            $field = $lc_tag;
        } else {                                          ### not a field:
            next;
        }

        ### Add it:
        $self->add( $field, $value );
    }

    ### Done!
    $self;
}

=back

=cut


#==============================
#==============================

=head2 Setting/getting headers and attributes

=over 4

=cut


#------------------------------
#
# top_level ONOFF
#
# Set/unset the top-level attributes and headers.
# This affects "MIME-Version" and "X-Mailer".

sub top_level {
    my ( $self, $onoff ) = @_;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};
    if ($onoff) {
        $attrs->{'mime-version'} = '1.0';
        my $uses = ( @Uses ? ( "(" . join( "; ", @Uses ) . ")" ) : '' );
        $self->replace( 'X-Mailer' => "MIME::Lite $VERSION $uses" )
          unless $VANILLA;
    } else {
        delete $attrs->{'mime-version'};
        $self->delete('X-Mailer');
    }
}

#------------------------------

=item add TAG,VALUE

I
Add field TAG with the given VALUE to the end of the header.
The TAG will be converted to all-lowercase, and the VALUE
will be made "safe" (returns will be given a trailing space).

B any MIME fields you "add" will override any MIME
attributes I have when it comes time to output those fields.
Normally, you will use this method to add I fields:

    $msg->add("Subject" => "Hi there!");

Giving VALUE as an arrayref will cause all those values to be added.
This is only useful for special multiple-valued fields like "Received":

    $msg->add("Received" => ["here", "there", "everywhere"]

Giving VALUE as the empty string adds an invisible placeholder
to the header, which can be used to suppress the output of
the "Content-*" fields or the special  "MIME-Version" field.
When suppressing fields, you should use replace() instead of add():

    $msg->replace("Content-disposition" => "");

I add() is probably going to be more efficient than C,
so you're better off using it for most applications if you are
certain that you don't need to delete() the field first.

I the name comes from Mail::Header.

=cut


sub add {
    my $self  = shift;
    my $tag   = lc(shift);
    my $value = shift;

    ### If a dangerous option, warn them:
    Carp::carp "Explicitly setting a MIME header field ($tag) is dangerous:\n"
      . "use the attr() method instead.\n"
      if ( is_mime_field($tag) && !$QUIET );

    ### Get array of clean values:
    my @vals = ( ( ref($value) and ( ref($value) eq 'ARRAY' ) )
                 ? @{$value}
                 : ( $value . '' )
    );
    map { s/\n/\n /g } @vals;

    ### Add them:
    foreach (@vals) {
        push @{ $self->{Header} }, [ $tag, $_ ];
    }
}

#------------------------------

=item attr ATTR,[VALUE]

I
Set MIME attribute ATTR to the string VALUE.
ATTR is converted to all-lowercase.
This method is normally used to set/get MIME attributes:

    $msg->attr("content-type"         => "text/html");
    $msg->attr("content-type.charset" => "US-ASCII");
    $msg->attr("content-type.name"    => "homepage.html");

This would cause the final output to look something like this:

    Content-type: text/html; charset=US-ASCII; name="homepage.html"

Note that the special empty sub-field tag indicates the anonymous
first sub-field.

Giving VALUE as undefined will cause the contents of the named
subfield to be deleted.

Supplying no VALUE argument just returns the attribute's value:

    $type = $msg->attr("content-type");        ### returns "text/html"
    $name = $msg->attr("content-type.name");   ### returns "homepage.html"

=cut


sub attr {
    my ( $self, $attr, $value ) = @_;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};

    $attr = lc($attr);

    ### Break attribute name up:
    my ( $tag, $subtag ) = split /\./, $attr;
    if (defined($subtag)) {
        $attrs = $self->{SubAttrs}{$tag} ||= {};
        $tag   = $subtag;
    }

    ### Set or get?
    if ( @_ > 2 ) {    ### set:
        if ( defined($value) ) {
            $attrs->{$tag} = $value;
        } else {
            delete $attrs->{$tag};
        }
    }

    ### Return current value:
    $attrs->{$tag};
}

sub _safe_attr {
    my ( $self, $attr ) = @_;
    return defined $self->{Attrs}{$attr} ? $self->{Attrs}{$attr} : '';
}

#------------------------------

=item delete TAG

I
Delete field TAG with the given VALUE to the end of the header.
The TAG will be converted to all-lowercase.

    $msg->delete("Subject");

I the name comes from Mail::Header.

=cut


sub delete {
    my $self = shift;
    my $tag  = lc(shift);

    ### Delete from the header:
    my $hdr = [];
    my $field;
    foreach $field ( @{ $self->{Header} } ) {
        push @$hdr, $field if ( $field->[0] ne $tag );
    }
    $self->{Header} = $hdr;
    $self;
}


#------------------------------

=item field_order FIELD,...FIELD

I
Change the order in which header fields are output for this object:

    $msg->field_order('from', 'to', 'content-type', 'subject');

When used as a class method, changes the default settings for
all objects:

    MIME::Lite->field_order('from', 'to', 'content-type', 'subject');

Case does not matter: all field names will be coerced to lowercase.
In either case, supply the empty array to restore the default ordering.

=cut


sub field_order {
    my $self = shift;
    if ( ref($self) ) {
        $self->{FieldOrder} = [ map { lc($_) } @_ ];
    } else {
        @FieldOrder = map { lc($_) } @_;
    }
}

#------------------------------

=item fields

I
Return the full header for the object, as a ref to an array
of C<[TAG, VALUE]> pairs, where each TAG is all-lowercase.
Note that any fields the user has explicitly set will override the
corresponding MIME fields that we would otherwise generate.
So, don't say...

    $msg->set("Content-type" => "text/html; charset=US-ASCII");

unless you want the above value to override the "Content-type"
MIME field that we would normally generate.

I I called this "fields" because the header() method of
Mail::Header returns something different, but similar enough to
be confusing.

You can change the order of the fields: see L.
You really shouldn't need to do this, but some people have to
deal with broken mailers.

=cut


sub fields {
    my $self = shift;
    my @fields;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};
    my $sub_attrs = $self->{SubAttrs};

    ### Get a lookup-hash of all *explicitly-given* fields:
    my %explicit = map { $_->[0] => 1 } @{ $self->{Header} };

    ### Start with any MIME attributes not given explicitly:
    my $tag;
    foreach $tag ( sort keys %{ $self->{Attrs} } ) {

        ### Skip if explicit:
        next if ( $explicit{$tag} );

        # get base attr value or skip if not available
        my $value = $attrs->{$tag};
        defined $value or next;

        ### handle sub-attrs if available
        if (my $subs = $sub_attrs->{$tag}) {
            $value .= '; ' .
              join('; ', map { qq{$_="$subs->{$_}"} } sort keys %$subs);
        }

        # handle stripping \r\n now since we're not doing it in attr()
        # anymore
        $value =~ tr/\r\n//;

        ### Add to running fields;
        push @fields, [ $tag, $value ];
    }

    ### Add remaining fields (note that we duplicate the array for safety):
    foreach ( @{ $self->{Header} } ) {
        push @fields, [ @{$_} ];
    }

    ### Final step:
    ### If a suggested ordering was given, we "sort" by that ordering.
    ###    The idea is that we give each field a numeric rank, which is
    ###    (1000 * order(field)) + origposition.
    my @order = @{ $self->{FieldOrder} || [] };    ### object-specific
    @order or @order = @FieldOrder;                ### no? maybe generic
    if (@order) {                                  ### either?

        ### Create hash mapping field names to 1-based rank:
        my %rank = map { $order[$_] => ( 1 + $_ ) } ( 0 .. $#order );

        ### Create parallel array to @fields, called @ranked.
        ### It contains fields tagged with numbers like 2003, where the
        ### 3 is the original 0-based position, and 2000 indicates that
        ### we wanted this type of field to go second.
        my @ranked = map {
            [ ( $_ + 1000 * ( $rank{ lc( $fields[$_][0] ) } || ( 2 + $#order ) ) ), $fields[$_] ]
        } ( 0 .. $#fields );

        # foreach (@ranked) {
        #     print STDERR "RANKED: $_->[0] $_->[1][0] $_->[1][1]\n";
        # }

        ### That was half the Schwartzian transform.  Here's the rest:
        @fields = map { $_->[1] }
          sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } @ranked;
    }

    ### Done!
    return \@fields;
}


#------------------------------

=item filename [FILENAME]

I
Set the filename which this data will be reported as.
This actually sets both "standard" attributes.

With no argument, returns the filename as dictated by the
content-disposition.

=cut


sub filename {
    my ( $self, $filename ) = @_;
    my $sub_attrs = $self->{SubAttrs};

    if ( @_ > 1 ) {
        $sub_attrs->{'content-type'}{'name'} = $filename;
        $sub_attrs->{'content-disposition'}{'filename'} = $filename;
    }
    return $sub_attrs->{'content-disposition'}{'filename'};
}

#------------------------------

=item get TAG,[INDEX]

I
Get the contents of field TAG, which might have been set
with set() or replace().  Returns the text of the field.

    $ml->get('Subject', 0);

If the optional 0-based INDEX is given, then we return the INDEX'th
occurrence of field TAG.  Otherwise, we look at the context:
In a scalar context, only the first (0th) occurrence of the
field is returned; in an array context, I occurrences are returned.

I this should only be used with non-MIME fields.
Behavior with MIME fields is TBD, and will raise an exception for now.

=cut


sub get {
    my ( $self, $tag, $index ) = @_;
    $tag = lc($tag);
    Carp::croak "get: can't be used with MIME fields\n" if is_mime_field($tag);

    my @all = map { ( $_->[0] eq $tag ) ? $_->[1] : () } @{ $self->{Header} };
    ( defined($index) ? $all[$index] : ( wantarray ? @all : $all[0] ) );
}

#------------------------------

=item get_length

I
Recompute the content length for the message I,
setting the "content-length" attribute as a side-effect:

    $msg->get_length;

Returns the length, or undefined if not set.

I the content length can be difficult to compute, since it
involves assembling the entire encoded body and taking the length
of it (which, in the case of multipart messages, means freezing
all the sub-parts, etc.).

This method only sets the content length to a defined value if the
message is a singlepart with C<"binary"> encoding, I the body is
available either in-core or as a simple file.  Otherwise, the content
length is set to the undefined value.

Since content-length is not a standard MIME field anyway (that's right, kids:
it's not in the MIME RFCs, it's an HTTP thing), this seems pretty fair.

=cut


#----
# Miko's note: I wasn't quite sure how to handle this, so I waited to hear
# what you think.  Given that the content-length isn't always required,
# and given the performance cost of calculating it from a file handle,
# I thought it might make more sense to add some sort of computelength
# property. If computelength is false, then the length simply isn't
# computed.  What do you think?
#
# Eryq's reply:  I agree; for now, we can silently leave out the content-type.

sub get_length {
    my $self = shift;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};

    my $is_multipart = ( $attrs->{'content-type'} =~ m{^multipart/}i );
    my $enc = lc( $attrs->{'content-transfer-encoding'} || 'binary' );
    my $length;
    if ( !$is_multipart && ( $enc eq "binary" ) ) {    ### might figure it out cheap:
        if ( defined( $self->{Data} ) ) {              ### it's in core
            $length = length( $self->{Data} );
        } elsif ( defined( $self->{FH} ) ) {           ### it's in a filehandle
            ### no-op: it's expensive, so don't bother
        } elsif ( defined( $self->{Path} ) ) {         ### it's a simple file!
            $length = ( -s $self->{Path} ) if ( -e $self->{Path} );
        }
    }
    $attrs->{'content-length'} = $length;
    return $length;
}

#------------------------------

=item parts

I
Return the parts of this entity, and this entity only.
Returns empty array if this entity has no parts.

This is B recursive!  Parts can have sub-parts; use
parts_DFS() to get everything.

=cut


sub parts {
    my $self = shift;
    @{ $self->{Parts} || [] };
}

#------------------------------

=item parts_DFS

I
Return the list of all MIME::Lite objects included in the entity,
starting with the entity itself, in depth-first-search order.
If this object has no parts, it alone will be returned.

=cut


sub parts_DFS {
    my $self = shift;
    return ( $self, map { $_->parts_DFS } $self->parts );
}

#------------------------------

=item preamble [TEXT]

I
Get/set the preamble string, assuming that this object has subparts.
Set it to undef for the default string.

=cut


sub preamble {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{Preamble} = shift if @_;
    $self->{Preamble};
}

#------------------------------

=item replace TAG,VALUE

I
Delete all occurrences of fields named TAG, and add a new
field with the given VALUE.  TAG is converted to all-lowercase.

B the special MIME fields (MIME-version, Content-*):
if you "replace" a MIME field, the replacement text will override
the I MIME attributes when it comes time to output that field.
So normally you use attr() to change MIME fields and add()/replace() to
change I fields:

    $msg->replace("Subject" => "Hi there!");

Giving VALUE as the I will effectively I that
field from being output.  This is the correct way to suppress
the special MIME fields:

    $msg->replace("Content-disposition" => "");

Giving VALUE as I will just cause all explicit values
for TAG to be deleted, without having any new values added.

I the name of this method  comes from Mail::Header.

=cut


sub replace {
    my ( $self, $tag, $value ) = @_;
    $self->delete($tag);
    $self->add( $tag, $value ) if defined($value);
}


#------------------------------

=item scrub

I
B
Recursively goes through the "parts" tree of this message and tries
to find MIME attributes that can be removed.
With an array argument, removes exactly those attributes; e.g.:

    $msg->scrub(['content-disposition', 'content-length']);

Is the same as recursively doing:

    $msg->replace('Content-disposition' => '');
    $msg->replace('Content-length'      => '');

=cut


sub scrub {
    my ( $self, @a ) = @_;
    my ($expl) = @a;
    local $QUIET = 1;

    ### Scrub me:
    if ( !@a ) {    ### guess

        ### Scrub length always:
        $self->replace( 'content-length', '' );

        ### Scrub disposition if no filename, or if content-type has same info:
        if ( !$self->_safe_attr('content-disposition.filename')
             || $self->_safe_attr('content-type.name') )
        {
            $self->replace( 'content-disposition', '' );
        }

        ### Scrub encoding if effectively unencoded:
        if ( $self->_safe_attr('content-transfer-encoding') =~ /^(7bit|8bit|binary)$/i ) {
            $self->replace( 'content-transfer-encoding', '' );
        }

        ### Scrub charset if US-ASCII:
        if ( $self->_safe_attr('content-type.charset') =~ /^(us-ascii)/i ) {
            $self->attr( 'content-type.charset' => undef );
        }

        ### TBD: this is not really right for message/digest:
        if (     ( keys %{ $self->{Attrs}{'content-type'} } == 1 )
             and ( $self->_safe_attr('content-type') eq 'text/plain' ) )
        {
            $self->replace( 'content-type', '' );
        }
    } elsif ( $expl and ( ref($expl) eq 'ARRAY' ) ) {
        foreach ( @{$expl} ) { $self->replace( $_, '' ); }
    }

    ### Scrub my kids:
    foreach ( @{ $self->{Parts} } ) { $_->scrub(@a); }
}

=back

=cut


#==============================
#==============================

=head2 Setting/getting message data

=over 4

=cut


#------------------------------

=item binmode [OVERRIDE]

I
With no argument, returns whether or not it thinks that the data
(as given by the "Path" argument of C) should be read using
binmode() (for example, when C is invoked).

The default behavior is that any content type other than
C or C is binmode'd; this should in general work fine.

With a defined argument, this method sets an explicit "override"
value.  An undefined argument unsets the override.
The new current value is returned.

=cut


sub binmode {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{Binmode} = shift if (@_);    ### argument? set override
    return ( defined( $self->{Binmode} )
             ? $self->{Binmode}
             : ( $self->{Attrs}{"content-type"} !~ m{^(text|message)/}i )
    );
}

#------------------------------

=item data [DATA]

I
Get/set the literal DATA of the message.  The DATA may be
either a scalar, or a reference to an array of scalars (which
will simply be joined).

I setting the data causes the "content-length" attribute
to be recomputed (possibly to nothing).

=cut


sub data {
    my $self = shift;
    if (@_) {
        $self->{Data} = ( ( ref( $_[0] ) eq 'ARRAY' ) ? join( '', @{ $_[0] } ) : $_[0] );
        $self->get_length;
    }
    $self->{Data};
}

#------------------------------

=item fh [FILEHANDLE]

I
Get/set the FILEHANDLE which contains the message data.

Takes a filehandle as an input and stores it in the object.
This routine is similar to path(); one important difference is that
no attempt is made to set the content length.

=cut


sub fh {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{FH} = shift if @_;
    $self->{FH};
}

#------------------------------

=item path [PATH]

I
Get/set the PATH to the message data.

I setting the path recomputes any existing "content-length" field,
and re-sets the "filename" (to the last element of the path if it
looks like a simple path, and to nothing if not).

=cut


sub path {
    my $self = shift;
    if (@_) {

        ### Set the path, and invalidate the content length:
        $self->{Path} = shift;

        ### Re-set filename, extracting it from path if possible:
        my $filename;
        if ( $self->{Path} and ( $self->{Path} !~ /\|$/ ) ) {    ### non-shell path:
            ( $filename = $self->{Path} ) =~ s/^

            ### Consult File::Basename, maybe:
            if ($HaveFileBasename) {
                $filename = File::Basename::basename($filename);
            } else {
                ($filename) = ( $filename =~ m{([^\/]+)\Z} );
            }
        }
        $self->filename($filename);

        ### Reset the length:
        $self->get_length;
    }
    $self->{Path};
}

#------------------------------

=item resetfh [FILEHANDLE]

I
Set the current position of the filehandle back to the beginning.
Only applies if you used "FH" in build() or attach() for this message.

Returns false if unable to reset the filehandle (since not all filehandles
are seekable).

=cut


#----
# Miko's note: With the Data and Path, the same data could theoretically
# be reused.  However, file handles need to be reset to be reused,
# so I added this routine.
#
# Eryq reply: beware... not all filehandles are seekable (think about STDIN)!

sub resetfh {
    my $self = shift;
    seek( $self->{FH}, 0, 0 );
}

#------------------------------

=item read_now

I
Forces data from the path/filehandle (as specified by C)
to be read into core immediately, just as though you had given it
literally with the C keyword.

Note that the in-core data will always be used if available.

Be aware that everything is slurped into a giant scalar: you may not want
to use this if sending tar files!  The benefit of I reading in the data
is that very large files can be handled by this module if left on disk
until the message is output via C or C.

=cut


sub read_now {
    my $self = shift;
    local $/ = undef;

    if ( $self->{FH} ) {    ### data from a filehandle:
        my $chunk;
        my @chunks;
        CORE::binmode( $self->{FH} ) if $self->binmode;
        while ( read( $self->{FH}, $chunk, 1024 ) ) {
            push @chunks, $chunk;
        }
        $self->{Data} = join '', @chunks;
    } elsif ( $self->{Path} ) {    ### data from a path:
        open SLURP, $self->{Path} or Carp::croak "open $self->{Path}: $!\n";
        CORE::binmode(SLURP) if $self->binmode;
        $self->{Data} = ;    ### sssssssssssssslurp...
        close SLURP;                ### ...aaaaaaaaahhh!
    }
}

#------------------------------

=item sign PARAMHASH

I
Sign the message.  This forces the message to be read into core,
after which the signature is appended to it.

=over 4

=item Data

As in C: the literal signature data.
Can be either a scalar or a ref to an array of scalars.

=item Path

As in C: the path to the file.

=back

If no arguments are given, the default is:

    Path => "$ENV{HOME}/.signature"

The content-length is recomputed.

=cut


sub sign {
    my $self   = shift;
    my %params = @_;

    ### Default:
    @_ or $params{Path} = "$ENV{HOME}/.signature";

    ### Force message in-core:
    defined( $self->{Data} ) or $self->read_now;

    ### Load signature:
    my $sig;
    if ( !defined( $sig = $params{Data} ) ) {    ### not given explicitly:
        local $/ = undef;
        open SIG, $params{Path} or Carp::croak "open sig $params{Path}: $!\n";
        $sig = ;                            ### sssssssssssssslurp...
        close SIG;                               ### ...aaaaaaaaahhh!
    }
    $sig = join( '', @$sig ) if ( ref($sig) and ( ref($sig) eq 'ARRAY' ) );

    ### Append, following Internet conventions:
    $self->{Data} .= "\n-- \n$sig";

    ### Re-compute length:
    $self->get_length;
    1;
}

#------------------------------
#
# =item suggest_encoding CONTENTTYPE
#
# I
# Based on the CONTENTTYPE, return a good suggested encoding.
# C and C types have their bodies scanned line-by-line
# for 8-bit characters and long lines; lack of either means that the
# message is 7bit-ok.  Other types are chosen independent of their body:
#
#    Major type:       7bit ok?    Suggested encoding:
#    ------------------------------------------------------------
#    text              yes         7bit
#                      no          quoted-printable
#                      unknown     binary
#
#    message           yes         7bit
#                      no          binary
#                      unknown     binary
#
#    multipart         n/a         binary (in case some parts are not ok)
#
#    (other)           n/a         base64
#
#=cut

sub suggest_encoding {
    my ( $self, $ctype ) = @_;
    $ctype = lc($ctype);

    ### Consult MIME::Types, maybe:
    if ($HaveMimeTypes) {

        ### Mappings contain [suffix,mimetype,encoding]
        my @mappings = MIME::Types::by_mediatype($ctype);
        if ( scalar(@mappings) ) {
            ### Just pick the first one:
            my ( $suffix, $mimetype, $encoding ) = @{ $mappings[0] };
            if (    $encoding
                 && $encoding =~ /^(base64|binary|[78]bit|quoted-printable)$/i )
            {
                return lc($encoding);    ### sanity check
            }
        }
    }

    ### If we got here, then MIME::Types was no help.
    ### Extract major type:
    my ($type) = split '/', $ctype;
    if ( ( $type eq 'text' ) || ( $type eq 'message' ) ) {    ### scan message body?
        return 'binary';
    } else {
        return ( $type eq 'multipart' ) ? 'binary' : 'base64';
    }
}

#------------------------------
#
# =item suggest_type PATH
#
# I
# Suggest the content-type for this attached path.
# We always fall back to "application/octet-stream" if no good guess
# can be made, so don't use this if you don't mean it!
#
sub suggest_type {
    my ( $self, $path ) = @_;

    ### If there's no path, bail:
    $path or return 'application/octet-stream';

    ### Consult MIME::Types, maybe:
    if ($HaveMimeTypes) {

        # Mappings contain [mimetype,encoding]:
        my ( $mimetype, $encoding ) = MIME::Types::by_suffix($path);
        return $mimetype if ( $mimetype && $mimetype =~ /^\S+\/\S+$/ );    ### sanity check
    }
    ### If we got here, then MIME::Types was no help.
    ### The correct thing to fall back to is the most-generic content type:
    return 'application/octet-stream';
}

#------------------------------

=item verify_data

I
Verify that all "paths" to attached data exist, recursively.
It might be a good idea for you to do this before a print(), to
prevent accidental partial output if a file might be missing.
Raises exception if any path is not readable.

=cut


sub verify_data {
    my $self = shift;

    ### Verify self:
    my $path = $self->{Path};
    if ( $path and ( $path !~ /\|$/ ) ) {    ### non-shell path:
        $path =~ s/^
        ( -r $path ) or die "$path: not readable\n";
    }

    ### Verify parts:
    foreach my $part ( @{ $self->{Parts} } ) { $part->verify_data }
    1;
}

=back

=cut


#==============================
#==============================

=head2 Output

=over 4

=cut


#------------------------------

=item print [OUTHANDLE]

I
Print the message to the given output handle, or to the currently-selected
filehandle if none was given.

All OUTHANDLE has to be is a filehandle (possibly a glob ref), or
any object that responds to a print() message.

=cut


sub print {
    my ( $self, $out ) = @_;

    ### Coerce into a printable output handle:
    $out = MIME::Lite::IO_Handle->wrap($out);

    ### Output head, separator, and body:
    $self->verify_data if $AUTO_VERIFY;    ### prevents missing parts!
    $out->print( $self->header_as_string );
    $out->print( "\n" );
    $self->print_body($out);
}

#------------------------------
#
# print_for_smtp
#
# Instance method, private.
# Print, but filter out the topmost "Bcc" field.
# This is because qmail apparently doesn't do this for us!
#
sub print_for_smtp {
    my ( $self, $out ) = @_;

    ### Coerce into a printable output handle:
    $out = MIME::Lite::IO_Handle->wrap($out);

    ### Create a safe head:
    my @fields = grep { $_->[0] ne 'bcc' } @{ $self->fields };
    my $header = $self->fields_as_string( \@fields );

    ### Output head, separator, and body:
    $out->print( $header );
    $out->print( "\n" );
    $self->print_body( $out, '1' );
}

#------------------------------

=item print_body [OUTHANDLE] [IS_SMTP]

I
Print the body of a message to the given output handle, or to
the currently-selected filehandle if none was given.

All OUTHANDLE has to be is a filehandle (possibly a glob ref), or
any object that responds to a print() message.

B raised if unable to open any of the input files,
or if a part contains no data, or if an unsupported encoding is
encountered.

IS_SMPT is a special option to handle SMTP mails a little more
intelligently than other send mechanisms may require. Specifically this
ensures that the last byte sent is NOT '\n' (octal \012) if the last two
bytes are not '\r\n' (\015\012) as this will cause some SMTP servers to
hang.

=cut


sub print_body {
    my ( $self, $out, $is_smtp ) = @_;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};
    my $sub_attrs = $self->{SubAttrs};

    ### Coerce into a printable output handle:
    $out = MIME::Lite::IO_Handle->wrap($out);

    ### Output either the body or the parts.
    ###   Notice that we key off of the content-type!  We expect fewer
    ###   accidents that way, since the syntax will always match the MIME type.
    my $type = $attrs->{'content-type'};
    if ( $type =~ m{^multipart/}i ) {
        my $boundary = $sub_attrs->{'content-type'}{'boundary'};

        ### Preamble:
        $out->print( defined( $self->{Preamble} )
                     ? $self->{Preamble}
                     : "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.\n"
        );

        ### Parts:
        my $part;
        foreach $part ( @{ $self->{Parts} } ) {
            $out->print("\n--$boundary\n");
            $part->print($out);
        }

        ### Epilogue:
        $out->print("\n--$boundary--\n\n");
    } elsif ( $type =~ m{^message/} ) {
        my @parts = @{ $self->{Parts} };

        ### It's a toss-up; try both data and parts:
        if ( @parts == 0 ) { $self->print_simple_body( $out, $is_smtp ) }
        elsif ( @parts == 1 ) { $parts[0]->print($out) }
        else { Carp::croak "can't handle message with >1 part\n"; }
    } else {
        $self->print_simple_body( $out, $is_smtp );
    }
    1;
}

#------------------------------
#
# print_simple_body [OUTHANDLE]
#
# I
# Print the body of a simple singlepart message to the given
# output handle, or to the currently-selected filehandle if none
# was given.
#
# Note that if you want to print "the portion after
# the header", you don't want this method: you want
# L.
#
# All OUTHANDLE has to be is a filehandle (possibly a glob ref), or
# any object that responds to a print() message.
#
# B raised if unable to open any of the input files,
# or if a part contains no data, or if an unsupported encoding is
# encountered.
#
sub print_simple_body {
    my ( $self, $out, $is_smtp ) = @_;
    my $attrs = $self->{Attrs};

    ### Coerce into a printable output handle:
    $out = MIME::Lite::IO_Handle->wrap($out);

    ### Get content-transfer-encoding:
    my $encoding = uc( $attrs->{'content-transfer-encoding'} );
    warn "M::L >>> Encoding using $encoding, is_smtp=" . ( $is_smtp || 0 ) . "\n"
      if $MIME::Lite::DEBUG;

    ### Notice that we don't just attempt to slurp the data in from a file:
    ### by processing files piecemeal, we still enable ourselves to prepare
    ### very large MIME messages...

    ### Is the data in-core?  If so, blit it out...
    if ( defined( $self->{Data} ) ) {
      DATA:
        {
            local $_ = $encoding;

            /^BINARY$/ and do {
                $is_smtp and $self->{Data} =~ s/(?!\r)\n\z/\r/;
                $out->print( $self->{Data} );
                last DATA;
            };
            /^8BIT$/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_8bit( $self->{Data} ) );
                last DATA;
            };
            /^7BIT$/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_7bit( $self->{Data} ) );
                last DATA;
            };
            /^QUOTED-PRINTABLE$/ and do {
                ### UNTAINT since m//mg on tainted data loops forever:
                my ($untainted) = ( $self->{Data} =~ m/\A(.*)\Z/s );

                ### Encode it line by line:
                while ( $untainted =~ m{^(.*[\r\n]*)}smg ) {
                    ### have to do it line by line...
                    my $line = $1; # copy to avoid weird bug; rt 39334
                    $out->print( encode_qp($line) );
                }
                last DATA;
            };
            /^BASE64/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_base64( $self->{Data} ) );
                last DATA;
            };
            Carp::croak "unsupported encoding: `$_'\n";
        }
    }

    ### Else, is the data in a file?  If so, output piecemeal...
    ###    Miko's note: this routine pretty much works the same with a path
    ###    or a filehandle. the only difference in behaviour is that it does
    ###    not attempt to open anything if it already has a filehandle
    elsif ( defined( $self->{Path} ) || defined( $self->{FH} ) ) {
        no strict 'refs';    ### in case FH is not an object
        my $DATA;

        ### Open file if necessary:
        if ( defined( $self->{Path} ) ) {
            $DATA = new FileHandle || Carp::croak "can't get new filehandle\n";
            $DATA->open("$self->{Path}")
              or Carp::croak "open $self->{Path}: $!\n";
        } else {
            $DATA = $self->{FH};
        }
        CORE::binmode($DATA) if $self->binmode;

        ### Encode piece by piece:
      PATH:
        {
            local $_ = $encoding;

            /^BINARY$/ and do {
                my $last = "";
                while ( read( $DATA, $_, 2048 ) ) {
                    $out->print($last) if length $last;
                    $last = $_;
                }
                if ( length $last ) {
                    $is_smtp and $last =~ s/(?!\r)\n\z/\r/;
                    $out->print($last);
                }
                last PATH;
            };
            /^8BIT$/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_8bit($_) ) while (<$DATA>);
                last PATH;
            };
            /^7BIT$/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_7bit($_) ) while (<$DATA>);
                last PATH;
            };
            /^QUOTED-PRINTABLE$/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_qp($_) ) while (<$DATA>);
                last PATH;
            };
            /^BASE64$/ and do {
                $out->print( encode_base64($_) ) while ( read( $DATA, $_, 45 ) );
                last PATH;
            };
            Carp::croak "unsupported encoding: `$_'\n";
        }

        ### Close file:
        close $DATA if defined( $self->{Path} );
    }

    else {
        Carp::croak "no data in this part\n";
    }
    1;
}

#------------------------------

=item print_header [OUTHANDLE]

I
Print the header of the message to the given output handle,
or to the currently-selected filehandle if none was given.

All OUTHANDLE has to be is a filehandle (possibly a glob ref), or
any object that responds to a print() message.

=cut


sub print_header {
    my ( $self, $out ) = @_;

    ### Coerce into a printable output handle:
    $out = MIME::Lite::IO_Handle->wrap($out);

    ### Output the header:
    $out->print( $self->header_as_string );
    1;
}

#------------------------------

=item as_string

I
Return the entire message as a string, with a header and an encoded body.

=cut


sub as_string {
    my $self = shift;
    my $buf  = "";
    my $io   = ( wrap MIME::Lite::IO_Scalar \$buf);
    $self->print($io);
    return $buf;
}
*stringify = \&as_string;    ### backwards compatibility
*stringify = \&as_string;    ### ...twice to avoid warnings :)

#------------------------------

=item body_as_string

I
Return the encoded body as a string.
This is the portion after the header and the blank line.

I actually prepares the body by "printing" to a scalar.
Proof that you can hand the C methods any blessed object
that responds to a C message.

=cut


sub body_as_string {
    my $self = shift;
    my $buf  = "";
    my $io   = ( wrap MIME::Lite::IO_Scalar \$buf);
    $self->print_body($io);
    return $buf;
}
*stringify_body = \&body_as_string;    ### backwards compatibility
*stringify_body = \&body_as_string;    ### ...twice to avoid warnings :)

#------------------------------
#
# fields_as_string FIELDS
#
# PRIVATE!  Return a stringified version of the given header
# fields, where FIELDS is an arrayref like that returned by fields().
#
sub fields_as_string {
    my ( $self, $fields ) = @_;
    my $out = "";
    foreach (@$fields) {
        my ( $tag, $value ) = @$_;
        next if ( $value eq '' );         ### skip empties
        $tag =~ s/\b([a-z])/uc($1)/ge;    ### make pretty
        $tag =~ s/^mime-/MIME-/i;         ### even prettier
        $out .= "$tag: $value\n";
    }
    return $out;
}

#------------------------------

=item header_as_string

I
Return the header as a string.

=cut


sub header_as_string {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->fields_as_string( $self->fields );
}
*stringify_header = \&header_as_string;    ### backwards compatibility
*stringify_header = \&header_as_string;    ### ...twice to avoid warnings :)

=back

=cut


#==============================
#==============================

=head2 Sending

=over 4

=cut


#------------------------------

=item send

=item send HOW, HOWARGS...

I
This is the principal method for sending mail, and for configuring
how mail will be sent.

I with a HOW argument and optional HOWARGS, it sets
the default sending mechanism that the no-argument instance method
will use.  The HOW is a facility name (B),
and the HOWARGS is interpreted by the facility.
The class method returns the previous HOW and HOWARGS as an array.

    MIME::Lite->send('sendmail', "d:\\programs\\sendmail.exe");
    ...
    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(...);
    $msg->send;

I
(a HOW argument and optional HOWARGS), sends the message in the
requested manner; e.g.:

    $msg->send('sendmail', "d:\\programs\\sendmail.exe");

I sends the
message by the default mechanism set up by the class method.
Returns whatever the mail-handling routine returns: this
should be true on success, false/exception on error:

    $msg = MIME::Lite->new(From=>...);
    $msg->send || die "you DON'T have mail!";

On Unix systems (or rather non-Win32 systems), the default
setting is equivalent to:

    MIME::Lite->send("sendmail", "/usr/lib/sendmail -t -oi -oem");

On Win32 systems the default setting is equivalent to:

    MIME::Lite->send("smtp");

The assumption is that on Win32 your site/lib/Net/libnet.cfg
file will be preconfigured to use the appropriate SMTP
server. See below for configuring for authentication.

There are three facilities:

=over 4

=item "sendmail", ARGS...

Send a message by piping it into the "sendmail" command.
Uses the L method, giving it the ARGS.
This usage implements (and deprecates) the C method.

=item "smtp", [HOSTNAME, [NAMEDPARMS] ]

Send a message by SMTP, using optional HOSTNAME as SMTP-sending host.
L will be required.  Uses the L
method. Any additional arguments passed in will also be passed through to
send_by_smtp.  This is useful for things like mail servers requiring
authentication where you can say something like the following

  MIME::Lite->send('smtp', $host, AuthUser=>$user, AuthPass=>$pass);

which will configure things so future uses of

  $msg->send();

do the right thing.

=item "sub", \&SUBREF, ARGS...

Sends a message MSG by invoking the subroutine SUBREF of your choosing,
with MSG as the first argument, and ARGS following.

=back

I let's say you're on an OS which lacks the usual Unix
"sendmail" facility, but you've installed something a lot like it, and
you need to configure your Perl script to use this "sendmail.exe" program.
Do this following in your script's setup:

    MIME::Lite->send('sendmail', "d:\\programs\\sendmail.exe");

Then, whenever you need to send a message $msg, just say:

    $msg->send;

That's it.  Now, if you ever move your script to a Unix box, all you
need to do is change that line in the setup and you're done.
All of your $msg-Esend invocations will work as expected.

After sending, the method last_send_successful() can be used to determine
if the send was successful or not.

=cut


sub send {
    my $self = shift;
    my $meth = shift;

    if ( ref($self) ) {    ### instance method:
        my ( $method, @args );
        if (@_) {          ### args; use them just this once
            $method = 'send_by_' . $meth;
            @args   = @_;
        } else {           ### no args; use defaults
            $method = "send_by_$Sender";
            @args   = @{ $SenderArgs{$Sender} || [] };
        }
        $self->verify_data if $AUTO_VERIFY;    ### prevents missing parts!
        Carp::croak "Unknown send method '$meth'" unless $self->can($method);
        return $self->$method(@args);
    } else {                                   ### class method:
        if (@_) {
            my @old = ( $Sender, @{ $SenderArgs{$Sender} } );
            $Sender              = $meth;
            $SenderArgs{$Sender} = [@_];       ### remaining args
            return @old;
        } else {
            Carp::croak "class method send must have HOW... arguments\n";
        }
    }
}


#------------------------------

=item send_by_sendmail SENDMAILCMD

=item send_by_sendmail PARAM=>VALUE, ARRAY, HASH...

I
Send message via an external "sendmail" program
(this will probably only work out-of-the-box on Unix systems).

Returns true on success, false or exception on error.

You can specify the program and all its arguments by giving a single
string, SENDMAILCMD.  Nothing fancy is done; the message is simply
piped in.

However, if your needs are a little more advanced, you can specify
zero or more of the following PARAM/VALUE pairs (or a reference to hash
or array of such arguments as well as any combination thereof); a
Unix-style, taint-safe "sendmail" command will be constructed for you:

=over 4

=item Sendmail

Full path to the program to use.
Default is "/usr/lib/sendmail".

=item BaseArgs

Ref to the basic array of arguments we start with.
Default is C<["-t", "-oi", "-oem"]>.

=item SetSender

Unless this is I given as false, we attempt to automatically
set the C<-f> argument to the first address that can be extracted from
the "From:" field of the message (if there is one).

I
Suppose we did I use C<-f>, and you gave an explicit "From:"
field in your message: in this case, the sendmail "envelope" would
indicate the I user your process was running under, as a way
of preventing mail forgery.  Using the C<-f> switch causes the sender
to be set in the envelope as well.

I
If sendmail doesn't regard you as a "trusted" user, it will permit
the C<-f> but also add an "X-Authentication-Warning" header to the message
to indicate a forged envelope.  To avoid this, you can either
(1) have SetSender be false, or
(2) make yourself a trusted user by adding a C configuration
    command to your I file
    (e.g.: C if the script is running as user "eryq").

=item FromSender

If defined, this is identical to setting SetSender to true,
except that instead of looking at the "From:" field we use
the address given by this option.
Thus:

    FromSender => '[e-mail]'

=back

After sending, the method last_send_successful() can be used to determine
if the send was successful or not.

=cut

sub _unfold_stupid_params {
  my $self = shift;

  my %p;
  STUPID_PARAM: for (my $i = 0; $i < @_; $i++) { ## no critic Loop
    my $item = $_[$i];
    if (not ref $item) {
      $p{ $item } = $_[ ++$i ];
    } elsif (UNIVERSAL::isa($item, 'HASH')) {
      $p{ $_ } = $item->{ $_ } for keys %$item;
    } elsif (UNIVERSAL::isa($item, 'ARRAY')) {
      for (my $j = 0; $j < @$item; $j += 2) {
        $p{ $item->[ $j ] } = $item->[ $j + 1 ];
      }
    }
  }

  return %p;
}

sub send_by_sendmail {
    my $self = shift;
    my $return;
    if ( @_ == 1 and !ref $_[0] ) {
        ### Use the given command...
        my $sendmailcmd = shift @_;
        Carp::croak "No sendmail command available" unless $sendmailcmd;

        ### Do it:
        local *SENDMAIL;
        open SENDMAIL, "|$sendmailcmd" or Carp::croak "open |$sendmailcmd: $!\n";
        $self->print( \*SENDMAIL );
        close SENDMAIL;
        $return = ( ( $? >> 8 ) ? undef: 1 );
    } else {    ### Build the command...
        my %p = $self->_unfold_stupid_params(@_);

        $p{Sendmail} = $SENDMAIL unless defined $p{Sendmail};

        ### Start with the command and basic args:
        my @cmd = ( $p{Sendmail}, @{ $p{BaseArgs} || [ '-t', '-oi', '-oem' ] } );

        # SetSender default is true
        $p{SetSender} = 1 unless defined $p{SetSender};

        ### See if we are forcibly setting the sender:
        $p{SetSender} ||= defined( $p{FromSender} );

        ### Add the -f argument, unless we're explicitly told NOT to:
        if ( $p{SetSender} ) {
            my $from = $p{FromSender} || ( $self->get('From') )[0];
            if ($from) {
                my ($from_addr) = extract_only_addrs($from);
                push @cmd, "-f$from_addr" if $from_addr;
            }
        }

        ### Open the command in a taint-safe fashion:
        my $pid = open SENDMAIL, "|-";
        defined($pid) or die "open of pipe failed: $!\n";
        if ( !$pid ) {    ### child
            exec(@cmd) or die "can't exec $p{Sendmail}: $!\n";
            ### NOTREACHED
        } else {          ### parent
            $self->print( \*SENDMAIL );
            close SENDMAIL || die "error closing $p{Sendmail}: $! (exit $?)\n";
            $return = 1;
        }
    }
    return $self->{last_send_successful} = $return;
}

#------------------------------

=item send_by_smtp HOST, ARGS...

=item send_by_smtp REF, HOST, ARGS

I
Send message via SMTP, using Net::SMTP -- which will be required for this
feature.

HOST is the name of SMTP server to connect to, or undef to have
L use the defaults in Libnet.cfg.

ARGS are a list of key value pairs which may be selected from the list
below. Many of these are just passed through to specific
L commands and you should review that module for
details.

Please see L

=over 4

=item Hello

=item LocalAddr

=item LocalPort

=item Timeout

=item Port

=item ExactAddresses

=item Debug

See L for details.

=item Size

=item Return

=item Bits

=item Transaction

=item Envelope

See L for details.

=item SkipBad

If true doesn't throw an error when multiple email addresses are provided
and some are not valid. See L
for details.

=item AuthUser

Authenticate with L using this username.

=item AuthPass

Authenticate with L using this password.

=item NoAuth

Normally if AuthUser and AuthPass are defined MIME::Lite will attempt to
use them with the L command to
authenticate the connection, however if this value is true then no
authentication occurs.

=item To

Sets the addresses to send to. Can be a string or a reference to an
array of strings. Normally this is extracted from the To: (and Cc: and
Bcc: fields if $AUTO_CC is true).

This value overrides that.

=item From

Sets the email address to send from. Normally this value is extracted
from the Return-Path: or From: field of the mail itself (in that order).

This value overrides that.

=back

I
True on success, croaks with an error message on failure.

After sending, the method last_send_successful() can be used to determine
if the send was successful or not.

=cut


# Derived from work by Andrew McRae. Version 0.2  anm  09Sep97
# Copyright 1997 Optimation New Zealand Ltd.
# May be modified/redistributed under the same terms as Perl.

# external opts
my @_mail_opts     = qw( Size Return Bits Transaction Envelope );
my @_recip_opts    = qw( SkipBad Notify );
my @_net_smtp_opts = qw( Hello LocalAddr LocalPort Timeout
                         AuthUser AuthPass SSL
                         Port ExactAddresses Debug );
# internal:  qw( NoAuth AuthUser AuthPass To From Host);

sub __opts {
    my $args=shift;
    return map { exists $args->{$_} ? ( $_ => $args->{$_} ) : () } @_;
}

sub send_by_smtp {
    require Net::SMTP;
    my ($self,$hostname,%args)  = @_;
    # We may need the "From:" and "To:" headers to pass to the
    # SMTP mailer also.
    $self->{last_send_successful}=0;

    my @hdr_to = extract_only_addrs( scalar $self->get('To') );
    if ($AUTO_CC) {
        foreach my $field (qw(Cc Bcc)) {
            push @hdr_to, extract_only_addrs($_) for $self->get($field);
        }
    }
    Carp::croak "send_by_smtp: nobody to send to for host '$hostname'?!\n"
        unless @hdr_to;

    $args{To} ||= \@hdr_to;
    $args{From} ||= extract_only_addrs( scalar $self->get('Return-Path') );
    $args{From} ||= extract_only_addrs( scalar $self->get('From') ) ;

    # Create SMTP client.
    # MIME::Lite::SMTP is just a wrapper giving a print method
    # to the SMTP object.

    my %opts = __opts(\%args, @_net_smtp_opts);
    my $smtp = MIME::Lite::SMTP->new( $hostname, %opts )
      or Carp::croak "SMTP Failed to connect to mail server: $!\n";

    # Possibly authenticate
    if ( defined $args{AuthUser} and defined $args{AuthPass}
         and !$args{NoAuth} )
    {
        if ($smtp->supports('AUTH',500,["Command unknown: 'AUTH'"])) {
            $smtp->auth( $args{AuthUser}, $args{AuthPass} )
                or die "SMTP auth() command failed: $!\n"
                   . $smtp->message . "\n";
        } else {
            die "SMTP auth() command not supported on $hostname\n";
        }
    }

    # Send the mail command
    %opts = __opts( \%args, @_mail_opts);
    $smtp->mail( $args{From}, %opts ? \%opts : () )
      or die "SMTP mail() command failed: $!\n"
             . $smtp->message . "\n";

    # Send the recipients command
    %opts = __opts( \%args, @_recip_opts);
    $smtp->recipient( @{ $args{To} }, %opts ? \%opts : () )
      or die "SMTP recipient() command failed: $!\n"
             . $smtp->message . "\n";

    # Send the data
    $smtp->data()
      or die "SMTP data() command failed: $!\n"
             . $smtp->message . "\n";
    $self->print_for_smtp($smtp);

    # Finish the mail
    $smtp->dataend()
      or Carp::croak "Net::CMD (Net::SMTP) DATAEND command failed.\n"
      . "Last server message was:"
      . $smtp->message
      . "This probably represents a problem with newline encoding ";

    # terminate the session
    $smtp->quit;

    return $self->{last_send_successful} = 1;
}

=item send_by_testfile FILENAME

I
Print message to a file (namely FILENAME), which will default to
mailer.testfile
If file exists, message will be appended.

=cut

sub send_by_testfile {
  my $self = shift;

  ### Use the default filename...
  my $filename = 'mailer.testfile';

  if ( @_ == 1 and !ref $_[0] ) {
    ### Use the given filename if given...
    $filename = shift @_;
    Carp::croak "no filename given to send_by_testfile" unless $filename;
  }

  ### Do it:
  local *FILE;
  open FILE, ">> $filename" or Carp::croak "open $filename: $!\n";
  $self->print( \*FILE );
  close FILE;
  my $return = ( ( $? >> 8 ) ? undef: 1 );

  return $self->{last_send_successful} = $return;
}

=item last_send_successful

This method will return TRUE if the last send() or send_by_XXX() method call was
successful. It will return defined but false if it was not successful, and undefined
if the object had not been used to send yet.

=cut


sub last_send_successful {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->{last_send_successful};
}


### Provided by Andrew McRae. Version 0.2  anm  09Sep97
### Copyright 1997 Optimation New Zealand Ltd.
### May be modified/redistributed under the same terms as Perl.
### Aditional changes by Yves.
### Until 3.01_03 this was send_by_smtp()
sub send_by_smtp_simple {
    my ( $self, @args ) = @_;
    $self->{last_send_successful} = 0;
    ### We need the "From:" and "To:" headers to pass to the SMTP mailer:
    my $hdr = $self->fields();

    my $from_header = $self->get('From');
    my ($from) = extract_only_addrs($from_header);

    warn "M::L>>> $from_header => $from" if $MIME::Lite::DEBUG;


    my $to = $self->get('To');

    ### Sanity check:
    defined($to)
        or Carp::croak "send_by_smtp: missing 'To:' address\n";

    ### Get the destinations as a simple array of addresses:
    my @to_all = extract_only_addrs($to);
    if ($AUTO_CC) {
        foreach my $field (qw(Cc Bcc)) {
            my $value = $self->get($field);
            push @to_all, extract_only_addrs($value)
                if defined($value);
        }
    }

    ### Create SMTP client:
    require Net::SMTP;
    my $smtp = MIME::Lite::SMTP->new(@args)
      or Carp::croak("Failed to connect to mail server: $!\n");
    $smtp->mail($from)
      or Carp::croak( "SMTP MAIL command failed: $!\n" . $smtp->message . "\n" );
    $smtp->to(@to_all)
      or Carp::croak( "SMTP RCPT command failed: $!\n" . $smtp->message . "\n" );
    $smtp->data()
      or Carp::croak( "SMTP DATA command failed: $!\n" . $smtp->message . "\n" );

    ### MIME::Lite can print() to anything with a print() method:
    $self->print_for_smtp($smtp);

    $smtp->dataend()
      or Carp::croak(   "Net::CMD (Net::SMTP) DATAEND command failed.\n"
                      . "Last server message was:"
                      . $smtp->message
                      . "This probably represents a problem with newline encoding " );
    $smtp->quit;
    $self->{last_send_successful} = 1;
    1;
}

#------------------------------
#
# send_by_sub [\&SUBREF, [ARGS...]]
#
# I
# Send the message via an anonymous subroutine.
#
sub send_by_sub {
    my ( $self, $subref, @args ) = @_;
    $self->{last_send_successful} = &$subref( $self, @args );

}

#------------------------------

=item sendmail COMMAND...

I
Declare the sender to be "sendmail", and set up the "sendmail" command.
I

=cut


sub sendmail {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->send( 'sendmail', join( ' ', @_ ) );
}

=back

=cut


#==============================
#==============================

=head2 Miscellaneous

=over 4

=cut


#------------------------------

=item quiet ONOFF

I
Suppress/unsuppress all warnings coming from this module.

    MIME::Lite->quiet(1);       ### I know what I'm doing

I recommend that you include that comment as well.  And while
you type it, say it out loud: if it doesn't feel right, then maybe
you should reconsider the whole line.  C<;-)>

=cut


sub quiet {
    my $class = shift;
    $QUIET = shift if @_;
    $QUIET;
}

=back

=cut


#============================================================

package MIME::Lite::SMTP;

#============================================================
# This class just adds a print() method to Net::SMTP.
# Notice that we don't use/require it until it's needed!

use strict;
use vars qw( @ISA );
@ISA = qw(Net::SMTP);

# some of the below is borrowed from Data::Dumper
my %esc = ( "\a" => "\\a",
            "\b" => "\\b",
            "\t" => "\\t",
            "\n" => "\\n",
            "\f" => "\\f",
            "\r" => "\\r",
            "\e" => "\\e",
);

sub _hexify {
    local $_ = shift;
    my @split = m/(.{1,16})/gs;
    foreach my $split (@split) {
        ( my $txt = $split ) =~ s/([\a\b\t\n\f\r\e])/$esc{$1}/sg;
        $split =~ s/(.)/sprintf("%02X ",ord($1))/sge;
        print STDERR "M::L >>> $split : $txt\n";
    }
}

sub print {
    my $smtp = shift;
    $MIME::Lite::DEBUG and _hexify( join( "", @_ ) );
    $smtp->datasend(@_)
      or Carp::croak(   "Net::CMD (Net::SMTP) DATASEND command failed.\n"
                      . "Last server message was:"
                      . $smtp->message
                      . "This probably represents a problem with newline encoding " );
}


#============================================================

package MIME::Lite::IO_Handle;

#============================================================

### Wrap a non-object filehandle inside a blessed, printable interface:
### Does nothing if the given $fh is already a blessed object.
sub wrap {
    my ( $class, $fh ) = @_;
    no strict 'refs';

    ### Get default, if necessary:
    $fh      or $fh = select;    ### no filehandle means selected one
    ref($fh) or $fh = \*$fh;     ### scalar becomes a globref

    ### Stop right away if already a printable object:
    return $fh if ( ref($fh) and ( ref($fh) ne 'GLOB' ) );

    ### Get and return a printable interface:
    bless \$fh, $class;          ### wrap it in a printable interface
}

### Print:
sub print {
    my $self = shift;
    print {$$self} @_;
}


#============================================================

package MIME::Lite::IO_Scalar;

#============================================================

### Wrap a scalar inside a blessed, printable interface:
sub wrap {
    my ( $class, $scalarref ) = @_;
    defined($scalarref) or $scalarref = \"";
    bless $scalarref, $class;
}

### Print:
sub print {
    ${$_[0]} .= join( '', @_[1..$#_] );
    1;
}


#============================================================

package MIME::Lite::IO_ScalarArray;

#============================================================

### Wrap an array inside a blessed, printable interface:
sub wrap {
    my ( $class, $arrayref ) = @_;
    defined($arrayref) or $arrayref = [];
    bless $arrayref, $class;
}

### Print:
sub print {
    my $self = shift;
    push @$self, @_;
    1;
}

1;
__END__