File Coverage

blib/lib/HTTP/BrowserDetect.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	896	993	90.2
branch	744	848	87.7
condition	330	409	80.6
subroutine	75	78	96.1
pod	46	47	97.8
total	2091	2375	88.0

use strict;
use warnings;

use 5.006;

package HTTP::BrowserDetect;

our $VERSION = '3.37';

# Operating Systems
our @OS_TESTS = qw(
    windows  mac     os2
    unix     linux   vms
    bsd      amiga   brew
    bb10     rimtabletos
    chromeos ios
    firefoxos
);

# More precise Windows
our @WINDOWS_TESTS = qw(
    win16      win3x        win31
    win95      win98        winnt
    winme      win32        win2k
    winxp      win2k3       winvista
    win7       win8         win8_0
    win8_1     win10        win10_0
    wince      winphone     winphone7
    winphone7_5 winphone8   winphone8_1
    winphone10
);

# More precise Mac
our @MAC_TESTS = qw(
    macosx mac68k macppc
);

# More precise Unix
our @UNIX_TESTS = qw(
    sun     sun4     sun5
    suni86  irix     irix5
    irix6   hpux     hpux9
    hpux10  aix      aix1
    aix2    aix3     aix4
    sco     unixware mpras
    reliant dec      sinix
);

# More precise BSDs
our @BSD_TESTS = qw(
    freebsd
);

# Gaming devices
our @GAMING_TESTS = qw(
    ps3gameos pspgameos
);

# Device related tests
our @DEVICE_TESTS = qw(
    android audrey blackberry dsi iopener ipad
    iphone ipod kindle kindlefire n3ds palm ps3 psp wap webos
    mobile tablet
);

# Browsers
our @BROWSER_TESTS = qw(
    mosaic         netscape         firefox
    chrome         safari           ie
    opera          lynx             links
    elinks         neoplanet        neoplanet2
    avantgo        emacs            mozilla
    konqueror      realplayer       netfront
    mobile_safari  obigo            aol
    lotusnotes     staroffice       icab
    webtv          browsex          silk
    applecoremedia galeon           seamonkey
    epiphany       ucbrowser        dalvik
    edge           pubsub           adm
    brave          imagesearcherpro polaris
    edgelegacy     samsung
);

our @IE_TESTS = qw(
    ie3         ie4         ie4up
    ie5         ie5up       ie55
    ie55up      ie6         ie7
    ie8         ie9         ie10
    ie11
    ie_compat_mode
);

our @OPERA_TESTS = qw(
    opera3      opera4     opera5
    opera6      opera7
);

our @AOL_TESTS = qw(
    aol3        aol4
    aol5        aol6
);

our @NETSCAPE_TESTS = qw(
    nav2   nav3   nav4
    nav4up nav45  nav45up
    nav6   nav6up navgold
);

# Firefox variants
our @FIREFOX_TESTS = qw(
    firebird    iceweasel   phoenix
    namoroka
    fxios
);

# Engine tests
our @ENGINE_TESTS = qw(
    gecko       trident     webkit
    presto      khtml       edgehtml
);

# These bot names get turned into methods.  Crazy, right?  (I don't even think
# this is documented anymore.)  We'll leave this in place for back compat, but
# we won't add any new methods moving forward.

my @OLD_ROBOT_TESTS = qw(
    ahrefs
    altavista
    apache
    askjeeves
    baidu
    bingbot
    curl
    facebook
    getright
    golib
    google
    googleadsbot
    googleadsense
    googlebotimage
    googlebotnews
    googlebotvideo
    googlefavicon
    googlemobile
    indy
    infoseek
    ipsagent
    java
    linkchecker
    linkexchange
    lwp
    lycos
    malware
    mj12bot
    msn
    msnmobile
    msoffice
    nutch
    phplib
    puf
    rubylib
    slurp
    specialarchiver
    wget
    yahoo
    yandex
    yandeximages
    headlesschrome
);

our @ROBOT_TESTS = (
    [ 'Applebot',                           'apple' ],
    [ 'baiduspider',                        'baidu' ],
    [ 'bitlybot',                           'bitly' ],
    [ 'developers.google.com//web/snippet', 'google-plus-snippet' ],
    [ 'Discordbot',                         'discordbot' ],
    [ 'embedly',                            'embedly' ],
    [ 'facebookexternalhit',                'facebook' ],
    [ 'flipboard',                          'flipboard' ],
    [ 'Google Page Speed',                  'google-page-speed' ],
    [ 'ltx71',                              'ltx71' ],
    [ 'linkedinbot',                        'linkedin' ],
    [ 'nuzzel',                             'nuzzel' ],
    [ 'outbrain',                           'outbrain' ],
    [ 'pinterest/0.',                       'pinterest' ],
    [ 'pinterestbot',                       'pinterest' ],
    [ 'Pro-Sitemaps',                       'pro-sitemaps' ],
    [ 'quora link preview',                 'quora-link-preview' ],
    [ 'Qwantify',                           'qwantify' ],
    [ 'redditbot',                          'reddit', ],
    [ 'researchscan',                       'researchscan' ],
    [ 'rogerbot',                           'rogerbot' ],
    [ 'ShowyouBot',                         'showyou' ],
    [ 'SkypeUriPreview',                    'skype-uri-preview' ],
    [ 'slackbot',                           'slack' ],
    [ 'Swiftbot',                           'swiftbot' ],
    [ 'tumblr',                             'tumblr' ],
    [ 'twitterbot',                         'twitter' ],
    [ 'vkShare',                            'vkshare' ],
    [ 'W3C_Validator',                      'w3c-validator' ],
    [ 'WhatsApp',                           'whatsapp' ],
);

our @MISC_TESTS = qw(
    dotnet      x11
    webview
);

our @ALL_TESTS = (
    @OS_TESTS,        @WINDOWS_TESTS,
    @MAC_TESTS,       @UNIX_TESTS,
    @BSD_TESTS,       @GAMING_TESTS,
    @DEVICE_TESTS,    @BROWSER_TESTS,
    @IE_TESTS,        @OPERA_TESTS,
    @AOL_TESTS,       @NETSCAPE_TESTS,
    @FIREFOX_TESTS,   @ENGINE_TESTS,
    @OLD_ROBOT_TESTS, @MISC_TESTS,
);

# https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1061943?hl=en

my %ROBOT_NAMES = (
    ahrefs                => 'Ahrefs',
    altavista             => 'AltaVista',
    'apache-http-client'  => 'Apache HttpClient',
    apple                 => 'Apple',
    'archive-org'         => 'Internet Archive',
    askjeeves             => 'AskJeeves',
    baidu                 => 'Baidu',
    baiduspider           => 'Baidu Spider',
    bingbot               => 'Bingbot',
    bitly                 => 'Bitly',
    curl                  => 'curl',
    discordbot            => 'Discord',
    embedly               => 'Embedly',
    facebook              => 'Facebook',
    facebookexternalhit   => 'Facebook',
    flipboard             => 'Flipboard',
    getright              => 'GetRight',
    golib                 => 'Go language http library',
    google                => 'Googlebot',
    'google-adsbot'       => 'Google AdsBot',
    'google-adsense'      => 'Google AdSense',
    'googlebot'           => 'Googlebot',
    'googlebot-image'     => 'Googlebot Images',
    'googlebot-mobile'    => 'Googlebot Mobile',
    'googlebot-news'      => 'Googlebot News',
    'googlebot-video'     => 'Googlebot Video',
    'google-favicon'      => 'Google Favicon',
    'google-mobile'       => 'Googlebot Mobile',
    'google-page-speed'   => 'Google Page Speed',
    'google-plus-snippet' => 'Google+ Snippet',
    'indy-library'        => 'Indy Library',
    infoseek              => 'InfoSeek',
    java                  => 'Java',
    'libwww-perl'         => 'LWP::UserAgent',
    linkchecker           => 'LinkChecker',
    linkedin              => 'LinkedIn',
    linkexchange          => 'LinkExchange',
    ltx71                 => 'ltx71',
    lycos                 => 'Lycos',
    malware               => 'Malware / hack attempt',
    'microsoft-office'    => 'Microsoft Office',
    mj12bot               => 'Majestic-12 DSearch',
    msn                   => 'MSN',
    'msn-mobile'          => 'MSN Mobile',
    nutch                 => 'Apache Nutch',
    nuzzel                => 'Nuzzel',
    outbrain              => 'Outbrain',
    phplib                => 'PHP http library',
    pinterest             => 'Pinterest',
    'pro-sitemaps'        => 'Pro Sitemap Service',
    puf                   => 'puf',
    'quora-link-preview'  => 'Quora Link Preview',
    qwantify              => 'Qwantify',
    researchscan          => 'Researchscan RWTH Aachen',
    reddit                => 'Reddit',
    robot                 => 'robot',
    rogerbot              => 'Moz',
    'ruby-http-library'   => 'Ruby http library',
    showyou               => 'Showyou',
    'skype-uri-preview'   => 'Skype URI Preview',
    slack                 => 'slack',
    swiftbot              => 'Swiftbot',
    tumblr                => 'Tumblr',
    twitter               => 'Twitter',
    unknown               => 'Unknown Bot',
    'verisign-ips-agent'  => 'Verisign ips-agent',
    vkshare               => 'VK Share',
    'w3c-validator'       => 'W3C Validator',
    wget                  => 'Wget',
    whatsapp              => 'WhatsApp',
    yahoo                 => 'Yahoo',
    'yahoo-slurp'         => 'Yahoo! Slurp',
    yandex                => 'Yandex',
    'yandex-images'       => 'YandexImages',
    'headless-chrome'     => 'HeadlessChrome',
);

my %ROBOT_IDS = (
    ahrefs          => 'ahrefs',
    altavista       => 'altavista',
    apache          => 'apache-http-client',
    askjeeves       => 'askjeeves',
    baidu           => 'baidu',
    baiduspider     => 'baidu',
    bingbot         => 'bingbot',
    curl            => 'curl',
    facebook        => 'facebook',
    getright        => 'getright',
    golib           => 'golib',
    google          => 'googlebot',
    googleadsbot    => 'google-adsbot',
    googleadsense   => 'google-adsense',
    googlebotimage  => 'googlebot-image',
    googlebotnews   => 'googlebot-news',
    googlebotvideo  => 'googlebot-video',
    googlefavicon   => 'google-favicon',
    googlemobile    => 'googlebot-mobile',
    indy            => 'indy-library',
    infoseek        => 'infoseek',
    ipsagent        => 'verisign-ips-agent',
    java            => 'java',
    linkchecker     => 'linkchecker',
    linkexchange    => 'linkexchange',
    ltx71           => 'ltx71',
    lwp             => 'libwww-perl',
    lycos           => 'lycos',
    malware         => 'malware',
    mj12bot         => 'mj12bot',
    msn             => 'msn',
    msnmobile       => 'msn-mobile',
    msoffice        => 'microsoft-office',
    nutch           => 'nutch',
    phplib          => 'phplib',
    puf             => 'puf',
    robot           => 'robot',
    rubylib         => 'ruby-http-library',
    researchscan    => 'researchscan',
    slurp           => 'yahoo-slurp',
    specialarchiver => 'archive-org',
    wget            => 'wget',
    yahoo           => 'yahoo',
    yandex          => 'yandex',
    yandeximages    => 'yandex-images',
    headlesschrome  => 'headless-chrome',
);

my %BROWSER_NAMES = (
    adm              => 'Android Download Manager',
    aol              => 'AOL Browser',
    applecoremedia   => 'AppleCoreMedia',
    blackberry       => 'BlackBerry',
    brave            => 'Brave',
    browsex          => 'BrowseX',
    chrome           => 'Chrome',
    curl             => 'curl',
    dalvik           => 'Dalvik',
    dsi              => 'Nintendo DSi',
    edge             => 'Edge',
    elinks           => 'ELinks',
    epiphany         => 'Epiphany',
    firefox          => 'Firefox',
    galeon           => 'Galeon',
    icab             => 'iCab',
    iceweasel        => 'IceWeasel',
    ie               => 'MSIE',
    imagesearcherpro => 'ImageSearcherPro',
    konqueror        => 'Konqueror',
    links            => 'Links',
    lotusnotes       => 'Lotus Notes',
    lynx             => 'Lynx',
    mobile_safari    => 'Mobile Safari',
    mosaic           => 'Mosaic',
    mozilla          => 'Mozilla',
    n3ds             => 'Nintendo 3DS',
    netfront         => 'NetFront',
    netscape         => 'Netscape',
    obigo            => 'Obigo',
    opera            => 'Opera',
    polaris          => 'Polaris',
    pubsub           => 'Safari RSS Reader',
    puf              => 'puf',
    realplayer       => 'RealPlayer',
    safari           => 'Safari',
    samsung          => 'Samsung',
    seamonkey        => 'SeaMonkey',
    silk             => 'Silk',
    staroffice       => 'StarOffice',
    ucbrowser        => 'UCBrowser',
    webtv            => 'WebTV',
);

# Device names
my %DEVICE_NAMES = (
    android    => 'Android',
    audrey     => 'Audrey',
    blackberry => 'BlackBerry',
    dsi        => 'Nintendo DSi',
    iopener    => 'iopener',
    ipad       => 'iPad',
    iphone     => 'iPhone',
    ipod       => 'iPod',
    kindle     => 'Amazon Kindle',
    n3ds       => 'Nintendo 3DS',
    palm       => 'Palm',
    ps3        => 'Sony PlayStation 3',
    psp        => 'Sony PlayStation Portable',
    wap        => 'WAP capable phone',
    webos      => 'webOS',
);

my %OS_NAMES = (
    amiga       => 'Amiga',
    android     => 'Android',
    bb10        => 'BlackBerry 10',
    brew        => 'Brew',
    chromeos    => 'Chrome OS',
    firefoxos   => 'Firefox OS',
    ios         => 'iOS',
    linux       => 'Linux',
    mac         => 'Mac',
    macosx      => 'Mac OS X',
    os2         => 'OS/2',
    ps3gameos   => 'Playstation 3 GameOS',
    pspgameos   => 'Playstation Portable GameOS',
    rimtabletos => 'RIM Tablet OS',
    unix        => 'Unix',
    vms         => 'VMS',
    win2k       => 'Win2k',
    win2k3      => 'Win2k3',
    win3x       => 'Win3x',
    win7        => 'Win7',
    win8        => 'Win8',
    win8_0      => 'Win8.0',
    win8_1      => 'Win8.1',
    win10       => 'Win10',
    win10_0     => 'Win10.0',
    win95       => 'Win95',
    win98       => 'Win98',
    winme       => 'WinME',
    winnt       => 'WinNT',
    winphone    => 'Windows Phone',
    winvista    => 'WinVista',
    winxp       => 'WinXP',
);

# Safari build -> version map for versions prior to 3.0
# (since then, version appears in the user-agent string)

my %safari_build_to_version = qw(
    48      0.8
    51      0.8.1
    60      0.8.2
    73      0.9
    74      1.0b2v74
    85      1.0
    85.7    1.0.2
    85.8    1.0.3
    100     1.1
    100.1   1.1.1
    125     1.2
    125.1   1.2.1
    125.7   1.2.2
    125.9   1.2.3
    125.11  1.2.4
    312     1.3
    312.3   1.3.1
    312.5   1.3.2
    412     2.0
    412.5   2.0.1
    416.12  2.0.2
    417.8   2.0.3
    419.3   2.0.4
);

#######################################################################################################
# BROWSER OBJECT

my $default = undef;

sub new {
    my ( $class, $user_agent ) = @_;

    my $self = {};
    bless $self, $class;

    unless ( defined $user_agent ) {
        $user_agent = $ENV{'HTTP_USER_AGENT'};
    }

    $self->{user_agent} = defined $user_agent ? $user_agent : q{};
    $self->_init_core;

    return $self;
}

### Accessors for computed-on-demand test attributes

foreach my $test ( @ENGINE_TESTS, @MISC_TESTS ) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        return $self->{tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test (
    @OS_TESTS,  @WINDOWS_TESTS, @MAC_TESTS, @UNIX_TESTS,
    @BSD_TESTS, @GAMING_TESTS
) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_os() unless $self->{os_tests};
        return $self->{os_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test ( @BROWSER_TESTS, @FIREFOX_TESTS ) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        return $self->{browser_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test (@OLD_ROBOT_TESTS) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';

    # For the 'robot' test, we return undef instead of 0 if it's
    # false, to match os() and browser() and the like.
    my $false_result = ( $test eq 'robot' ? undef : 0 );

    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_robots() unless $self->{robot_tests};
        return $self->{robot_tests}->{$test} || $false_result;
    };
}

foreach my $test (
    @NETSCAPE_TESTS, @IE_TESTS, @AOL_TESTS,
    @OPERA_TESTS
) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};
        return $self->{version_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test (@DEVICE_TESTS) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_device() unless $self->{device_tests};
        return $self->{device_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

sub user_agent {
    my ( $self, $user_agent ) = @_;
    if ( defined($user_agent) ) {
        die
            'Calling HTTP::BrowserDetect::user_agent() with an argument is no longer allowed; please use new().';
    }
    else {
        return $self->{user_agent};
    }
}

### Code for initializing various pieces of the object. Since it would
### be needlessly slow if we examined every user agent for every piece
### of information we might possibly need, we only initialize things
### when they're actually queried about. Specifically:
###
### _init_core() sets up:
###     $self->{browser_tests}
###     $self->{browser}
###     $self->{browser_string}
###     $self->{tests}
###     $self->{engine_version}
###     $self->{realplayer_version}
###
### _init_version() sets up:
###     $self->{version_tests}
###     $self->{major}
###     $self->{minor}
###     $self->{beta}
###     $self->{realplayer_version}
###
### _init_os() sets up:
###     $self->{os}
###     $self->{os_string}
###     $self->{os_tests}
###     $self->{os_version}
###
### _init_os_version() sets up:
###     $self->{os_version}
###
### _init_device() sets up:
###     $self->{device_tests}
###     $self->{device}
###     $self->{device_string}
###
### _init_robots() sets up:
###     $self->{robot}
###     $self->{robot_tests}
###     $self->{robot_string}
###     $self->{robot_version}
###

# Private method -- Set up the basics (browser and misc attributes)
# for a new user-agent string
sub _init_core {
    my ( $self, $new_ua ) = @_;

    my $ua = lc $self->{user_agent};

    # any UA via Google Translate gets this appended
    $ua =~ s{,gzip\(gfe\)\z}{};

    # These get filled in immediately
    $self->{tests}         = {};
    $self->{browser_tests} = {};

    my $tests          = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests  = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $browser        = undef;
    my $browser_string = undef;

    # Detect engine
    $self->{engine_version} = undef;

    if ( $ua =~ m{edge/([\d\.]+)} ) {
        $tests->{edgehtml}      = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /trident\/([\w\.\d]*)/ ) {
        $tests->{trident}       = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'gecko' ) != -1 && index( $ua, 'like gecko' ) == -1 )
    {
        $tests->{gecko} = 1;
        if ( $ua =~ /\([^)]*rv:([\w.\d]*)/ ) {
            $self->{engine_version} = $1;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{applewebkit/([\d.\+]+)} && not $tests->{edgehtml} ) {
        $tests->{webkit}        = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{presto/([\d.]+)} ) {
        $tests->{presto}        = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{khtml/([\d.]+)} ) {
        $tests->{khtml}         = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }

    # Detect browser

    if ( index( $ua, 'galeon' ) != -1 ) {

        # Needs to go above firefox

        $browser = 'galeon';
        $browser_tests->{galeon} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'epiphany' ) != -1 ) {

        # Needs to go above firefox + mozilla

        $browser = 'epiphany';
        $browser_tests->{epiphany} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{(?:edg|edga|edgios)/[\d.]+} ) {
        $browser        = 'edge';
        $browser_string = 'Edge';

        $browser_tests->{edge} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{edge/[\d.]+} ) {
        $browser        = 'edge';
        $browser_string = 'Edge';

        $browser_tests->{edgelegacy} = 1;
    }
    elsif (
        $ua =~ m{
                (firebird|iceweasel|phoenix|namoroka|firefox|fxios)
                \/
                ( [^.]* )           # Major version number is everything before first dot
                \.                  # The first dot
                ( [\d]* )           # Minor version nnumber is digits after first dot
            }xo
        && index( $ua, 'not firefox' ) == -1
        )    # Hack for Yahoo Slurp
    {
        # Browser is Firefox, possibly under an alternate name

        $browser        = 'firefox';
        $browser_string = ucfirst( $1 eq 'fxios' ? $browser : $1 );

        $browser_tests->{$1} = 1;
        $browser_tests->{firefox} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{opera|opr\/} ) {

        # Browser is Opera

        $browser = 'opera';
        $browser_tests->{opera} = 1;
    }
    elsif ($tests->{trident}
        || index( $ua, 'msie' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'microsoft internet explorer' ) != -1 ) {

        # Browser is MSIE (possibly AOL branded)

        $browser = 'ie';
        $browser_tests->{ie} = 1;

        if (   index( $ua, 'aol' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'america online browser' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'AOL Browser';
            $browser_tests->{aol} = 1;
        }

        # Disabled for now -- need to figure out how to deal with version numbers
        #elsif ( index ( $ua, 'acoobrowser' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Acoo Browser';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'avant' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Avant Browser';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'crazy browser' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Crazy Browser';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'deepnet explorer' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Deepnet Explorer';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'maxthon' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Maxthon';
        #}
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'brave' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Chrome, it includes 'like Chrome/'

        $browser = 'brave';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'silk' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Chrome, it includes 'like Chrome/'

        $browser = 'silk';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'samsungbrowser' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Chrome, it includes 'Chrome/'
        $browser = 'samsung';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ucbrowser' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Safari, Mozilla and Chrome

        $browser = 'ucbrowser';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'chrome/' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'crios' ) != -1 ) {

        # Browser is Chrome

        $browser = 'chrome';
        $browser_tests->{chrome} = 1;

        if ( index( $ua, 'chromium' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'Chromium';
        }
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'blackberry' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'rim tablet os' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Safari
        $browser = 'blackberry';    # test gets set during device check
    }
    elsif (( index( $ua, 'safari' ) != -1 )
        || ( index( $ua, 'applewebkit' ) != -1 ) ) {

        # Browser is Safari

        $browser_tests->{safari} = 1;
        $browser = 'safari';
        if (   index( $ua, ' mobile safari/' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'mobilesafari' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'Mobile Safari';
            $browser_tests->{mobile_safari} = 1;
        }
        if ( index( $ua, 'puffin' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'Puffin';
        }
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'neoplanet' ) != -1 ) {

        # Browser is Neoplanet

        $browser                     = 'ie';
        $browser_tests->{$browser}   = 1;
        $browser_tests->{neoplanet}  = 1;
        $browser_tests->{neoplanet2} = 1 if ( index( $ua, '2.' ) != -1 );
    }

    ## The following browsers all need to be tested for *before*
    ## Mozilla, otherwise we'll think they are Mozilla because they
    ## look very much like it.
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'webtv' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'webtv';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo 3ds' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'n3ds';    # Test gets set during device check
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo dsi' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'dsi';     # Test gets set during device check
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'playstation 3' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'playstation portable' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'netfront' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'netfront';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'browsex' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'browsex';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'polaris' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'polaris';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }

    ## At this point if it looks like Mozilla but we haven't found
    ## anything else for it to be, it's probably Mozilla.
    elsif (index( $ua, 'mozilla' ) != -1
        && index( $ua, 'compatible' ) == -1 ) {

        # Browser is a Gecko-powered Netscape (i.e. Mozilla) version

        $browser = 'mozilla';
        if ( index( $ua, 'netscape' ) != -1
            || !$tests->{gecko} ) {
            $browser = 'netscape';
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'seamonkey' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser = 'seamonkey';
        }
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
        $browser_tests->{netscape} = 1;
        $browser_tests->{mozilla}  = ( $tests->{gecko} );
    }

    ## Long series of unlikely browsers (ones that don't look like Mozilla)
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'staroffice' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'staroffice';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'icab' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'icab';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lotus-notes' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'lotusnotes';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'konqueror' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'konqueror';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lynx' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'lynx';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'elinks' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'elinks';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'links' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'links';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mosaic' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'mosaic';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'emacs' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'emacs';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'obigo' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'obigo';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'teleca' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser                   = 'obigo';
        $browser_string            = 'Teleca';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'libcurl' ) != -1 || $ua =~ /^curl/ ) {
        $browser = 'curl';    # Test gets set during robot check
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'puf/' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'puf';     # Test gets set during robot check
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'applecoremedia/' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'applecoremedia';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'androiddownloadmanager' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'adm';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'dalvik' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'dalvik';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'apple-pubsub' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'pubsub';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'imagesearcherpro' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'imagesearcherpro';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }

    $self->{browser}        = $browser;
    $self->{browser_string} = $browser_string || $BROWSER_NAMES{$browser}
        if defined $browser;

    # Other random tests

    $tests->{x11}    = 1 if index( $ua, 'x11' ) != -1;
    $tests->{dotnet} = 1 if index( $ua, '.net clr' ) != -1;

    if ( index( $ua, 'realplayer' ) != -1 ) {

        # Hack for Realplayer -- fix the version and 'real' browser

        $self->_init_version;  # Set appropriate tests for whatever the 'real'
                               # browser is.

        # Now set the browser to Realplayer.
        $self->{browser}             = 'realplayer';
        $self->{browser_string}      = 'RealPlayer';
        $browser_tests->{realplayer} = 1;

        # Now override the version with the Realplayer version (but leave
        # alone the tests we already set, which might have been based on the
        # 'real' browser's version).
        $self->{realplayer_version} = undef;

        if ( $ua =~ /realplayer\/([\d+\.]+)/ ) {
            $self->{realplayer_version} = $1;
            ( $self->{major}, $self->{minor} )
                = split( /\./, $self->{realplayer_version} );
            $self->{minor} = ".$self->{minor}" if defined $self->{minor};
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ /realplayer\s(\w+)/ ) {
            $self->{realplayer_version} = $1;
        }
    }

    if ( index( $ua, '(r1 ' ) != -1 ) {

        # Realplayer plugin -- don't override browser but do set property
        $browser_tests->{realplayer} = 1;
    }

    # Details: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/user-agent#webview_user_agent
    if (   ( $self->android && index( $ua, '; wv)' ) > 0 )
        || ( $self->chrome && $self->android && $self->browser_major >= 30 ) )
    {
        $tests->{webview} = 1;
    }

}

# Any of these fragments within a user-agent generally indicates it's
# a robot.
my @ROBOT_FRAGMENTS = qw(
    agent
    analy
    appender
    babya
    checker
    bot
    copy
    crawl
    explorador
    fetch
    find
    ia_archive
    index
    netcraft
    reap
    resolver
    sleuth
    scan
    service
    spider
    thumbtack-thunderdome
    tiscali
    validator
    verif
    webcapture
    worm
    zyborg
);

my %ROBOT_FRAGMENT_EXCEPTIONS = (
    bot => ['cubot'],
);

sub _init_robots {
    my $self = shift;

    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};
    my $tests         = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};

    my $robot_tests = $self->{robot_tests} = {};
    my $id;
    my $r;

    my $robot_fragment;    # The text that indicates it's a robot (we'll
                           # use this later to detect robot version, and
                           # maybe robot_string)

    if ( index( $ua, 'libwww-perl' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'lwp-' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'lwp';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = (
            ( index( $ua, 'libwww-perl' ) != -1 ) ? 'libwww-perl' : 'lwp-' );
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'slurp' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'slurp';
        $robot_tests->{yahoo} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'yahoo' ) != -1
        && index( $ua, 'jp.co.yahoo' ) == -1 ) {
        $r = 'yahoo';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'msnbot-mobile' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'msnmobile';
        $robot_tests->{msn} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'msnbot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'bingbot-mobile' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                      = 'bingbot';
        $robot_tests->{bingbot} = 1;
        $robot_fragment         = 'bingbot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'msnbot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'msn';
        $robot_fragment = 'msnbot';
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'binglocalsearch' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bingbot' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bingpreview' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                      = 'bingbot';
        $robot_tests->{bingbot} = 1;
        $robot_fragment         = 'bingbot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'microsoft office existence discovery' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'msoffice';
        $robot_fragment = 'office';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ahrefsbot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'ahrefs';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'altavista' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'altavista';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'apache-httpclient' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'apache';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\( *\) *\{ *\: *\; *} ) {

        # Shellcode for spawning a process, i.e. (){:;} with some kind of whitespace interleaved
        $r = 'malware';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ask jeeves/teoma' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'askjeeves';
        $robot_fragment = 'teoma';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'baiduspider' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'baidu';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'libcurl' ) != -1 || $ua =~ /^curl/ ) {
        $r = 'curl';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'facebookexternalhit' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'facebook';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'getright' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'getright';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'adsbot-google' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googleadsbot';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'adsbot-google';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mediapartners-google' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googleadsense';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'mediapartners-google';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'google favicon' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlefavicon';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'favicon';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-image' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlebotimage';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-image';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-news' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlebotnews';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-news';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-video' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlebotvideo';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-video';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-mobile' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlemobile';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-mobile';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'google';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{go.*package http} ) {
        $r                  = 'golib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'package';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{^http_request} ) {
        $r                  = 'phplib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'http_request';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{^http_request} ) {
        $r = 'phplib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'indy library' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'indy';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'infoseek' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'infoseek';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ips-agent' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'ipsagent';
        $robot_fragment = 'ips-agent';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lecodechecker' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'linkexchange';
        $robot_fragment = 'lecodechecker';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'linkchecker' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'linkchecker';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lycos' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'lycos';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mechanize' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'rubylib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'mechanize';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mj12bot/' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'mj12bot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nutch' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'nutch';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'puf/' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'puf';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'scooter' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'scooter';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'special_archiver' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'specialarchiver';
        $robot_fragment = 'special_archiver';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'wget' ) == 0 ) {
        $r = 'wget';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'yandexbot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'yandex';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'yandeximages' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'yandeximages';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'headlesschrome' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'headlesschrome';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{^java} && !$self->{browser} ) {
        $r = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'jdk' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'jdk';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'jakarta commons-httpclient' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'jakarta';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'google-http-java-client' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'google';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'researchscan.comsys.rwth-aachen.de' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'researchscan';
    }

    # These @ROBOT_TESTS were added in 3.15.  Some of them may need more
    # individualized treatment, but get them identified as bots for now.

    # XXX
    else {
    TEST:
        for my $set (@ROBOT_TESTS) {
            my $match = lc $set->[0];

            if ( index( $ua, lc($match) ) != -1 ) {
                $id             = $set->[1];
                $r              = $id;
                $robot_fragment = lc $match;
                last TEST;
            }
        }
    }

    if (   $browser_tests->{applecoremedia}
        || $browser_tests->{dalvik}
        || $browser_tests->{adm} ) {
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }

    if ($r) {

        # Got a named robot
        $robot_tests->{$r} = 1;
        if ( !$id ) {
            $id = $ROBOT_IDS{$r};
        }

        if ( !exists $robot_tests->{robot_id} ) {
            $robot_tests->{robot_id} = $id;
        }

        # This isn't all keyed on ids (yet)
        $self->{robot_string} = $ROBOT_NAMES{$id} || $ROBOT_NAMES{$r};
        $robot_tests->{robot} = $r;
        $robot_fragment       = $r if !defined $robot_fragment;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /seek (?! mo (?: toolbar )? \s+ \d+\.\d+ )/x ) {

        # Store the fragment for later, to determine full name
        $robot_fragment = 'seek';
        $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /search (?! [\w\s]* toolbar \b | bar \b | erpro \b )/x ) {

        # Store the fragment for later, to determine full name
        $robot_fragment = 'search';
        $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ /([\w \/\.\-]+)[ \;\(\)]*\+https?\:/i ) {

        # Something followed by +http
        $self->{robot_string} = $1;
        $self->{robot_string} =~ s/^ *(.+?)[ \;\(\)]*?( *\/[\d\.]+ *)?$/$1/;
        $robot_fragment = $1;
        $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
    }
    else {
        # See if we have a simple fragment
    FRAGMENT:
        for my $fragment (@ROBOT_FRAGMENTS) {
            if ( $ROBOT_FRAGMENT_EXCEPTIONS{$fragment} ) {
                for my $exception (
                    @{ $ROBOT_FRAGMENT_EXCEPTIONS{$fragment} || [] } ) {
                    if ( index( $ua, $exception ) != -1 ) {
                        next FRAGMENT;
                    }
                }
            }

            if ( index( $ua, $fragment ) != -1 ) {
                $robot_fragment = $fragment;
                $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
                last;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( exists $robot_tests->{robot} && $robot_tests->{robot} eq 'unknown' )
    {
        $robot_tests->{robot_id} = 'unknown';
    }

    if ( defined $robot_fragment ) {

        # Examine what surrounds the fragment; that leads us to the
        # version and the string (if we haven't explicitly set one).

        if (
            $self->{user_agent} =~ m{\s*                # Beginning whitespace
                                      ([\w .:,\-\@\/]*  # Words before fragment
                                       $robot_fragment  # Match the fragment
                                       [\w .:,\-\@\/]*) # Words after fragment
                                     }ix
        ) {
            my $full_string = $1;
            $full_string =~ s/ *$//;    # Trim whitespace at end
            if (
                   $self->{user_agent} eq $full_string
                && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{\/.*\/}
                && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{
                                      ([\w]*               # Words before fragment
                                           $robot_fragment     # Match the fragment
                                           (\/[\d\.]+)?        # Version
                                           [\w]*)              # Beta stuff
                                         }ix
            ) {
                # We matched the whole string, but it seems to
                # make more sense as whitespace-separated
                # 'thing/ver' tokens
                $full_string = $1;
            }

            # Figure out robot version based on the string
            if (    $full_string
                and $full_string =~ s/[\/ \.v]*(\d+)(\.\d+)?([\.\w]*)$// ) {
                $self->{robot_version} = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
            }
            else {
                $self->{robot_version} = undef;
            }

            # Set robot_string, if we don't already have an explictly set
            # one
            if ( !defined $self->{robot_string} ) {
                $self->{robot_string} = $full_string;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( !exists( $self->{robot_version} ) ) {
        $self->{robot_version} = undef;
    }
}

### OS tests, only run on demand

sub _init_os {
    my $self = shift;

    my $tests         = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};

    my $os_tests  = $self->{os_tests} = {};
    my $os        = undef;
    my $os_string = undef;

    # Windows

    if ( index( $ua, '16bit' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                = 'windows';
        $os_string         = '16-bit Windows';
        $os_tests->{win16} = $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
    }

    if ( index( $ua, 'win' ) != -1 ) {
        if (   index( $ua, 'win16' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 16-bit' ) != -1 ) {
            $os_tests->{win16} = 1;
            $os_tests->{win3x} = 1;
            $os                = 'windows';
            if ( index( $ua, 'windows 3.1' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{win31} = 1;
                $os_string = 'Win3x';            # FIXME bug compatibility
            }
            else {
                $os_string = 'Win3x';
            }
        }
        elsif (index( $ua, 'win95' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 95' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win95';
            $os_tests->{win95} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif (
            index( $ua, 'win 9x 4.90' ) != -1    # whatever
            || index( $ua, 'windows me' ) != -1
        ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinME';
            $os_tests->{winme} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif (index( $ua, 'win98' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 98' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win98';
            $os_tests->{win98} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows 2000' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win2k';
            $os_tests->{win2k} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows ce' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinCE';
            $os_tests->{wince} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) != -1 ) {
            $os = 'winphone';
            $os_tests->{winphone} = 1;

            if ( index( $ua, 'windows phone os 7.0' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone7} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone os 7.5' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone7_5} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone 8.0' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone8} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone 8.1' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone8_1} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone 10.0' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone10} = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( index( $ua, 'nt' ) != -1 ) {
        if (   index( $ua, 'nt 5.0' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'nt5' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win2k';
            $os_tests->{win2k} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 5.1' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinXP';
            $os_tests->{winxp} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 5.2' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                 = 'windows';
            $os_string          = 'Win2k3';
            $os_tests->{win2k3} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.0' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                   = 'windows';
            $os_string            = 'WinVista';
            $os_tests->{winvista} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32}
                = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.1' ) != -1 ) {
            $os               = 'windows';
            $os_string        = 'Win7';
            $os_tests->{win7} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.2' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                 = 'windows';
            $os_string          = 'Win8.0';
            $os_tests->{win8_0} = $os_tests->{win8} = $os_tests->{winnt}
                = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.3' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                 = 'windows';
            $os_string          = 'Win8.1';
            $os_tests->{win8_1} = $os_tests->{win8} = $os_tests->{winnt}
                = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 10.0' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                  = 'windows';
            $os_string           = 'Win10.0';
            $os_tests->{win10_0} = $os_tests->{win10} = $os_tests->{winnt}
                = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif (index( $ua, 'winnt' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows nt' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'nt4' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'nt3' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinNT';
            $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
    }

    if ($os) {

        # windows, set through some path above
        $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
        $os_tests->{win32}   = 1 if index( $ua, 'win32' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'macintosh' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'mac_' ) != -1 ) {

        # Mac operating systems
        $os_tests->{mac} = 1;
        if ( index( $ua, 'mac os x' ) != -1 ) {
            $os = 'macosx';
            $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
        }
        else {
            $os = 'mac';
        }
        if ( index( $ua, '68k' ) != -1 || index( $ua, '68000' ) != -1 ) {
            $os_tests->{mac68k} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'ppc' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'powerpc' ) != -1 ) {
            $os_tests->{macppc} = 1;
        }
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'ipod' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'iphone' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1 ) {

        # iOS
        $os = 'ios';
        $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1 ) {

        # Android
        $os = 'android';    # Test gets set in the device testing
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'inux' ) != -1 ) {

        # Linux
        $os = 'linux';
        $os_tests->{linux} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $tests->{x11} && index( $ua, 'cros' ) != -1 ) {

        # ChromeOS
        $os = 'chromeos';
        $os_tests->{chromeos} = 1;
    }
    ## Long series of unlikely OSs
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'amiga' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'amiga';
        $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'os/2' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'os2';
        $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'solaris' ) != -1 ) {
        $os              = 'unix';
        $os_string       = 'Solaris';
        $os_tests->{sun} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'samsung' ) == -1 && index( $ua, 'sun' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                 = 'unix';
        $os_string          = 'SunOS';
        $os_tests->{sun}    = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{suni86} = 1 if index( $ua, 'i86' ) != -1;
        $os_tests->{sun4}   = 1 if index( $ua, 'sunos 4' ) != -1;
        $os_tests->{sun5}   = 1 if index( $ua, 'sunos 5' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'irix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                = 'unix';
        $os_string         = 'Irix';
        $os_tests->{irix}  = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{irix5} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'irix5' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{irix6} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'irix6' ) != -1 );
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'hp-ux' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                 = 'unix';
        $os_string          = 'HP-UX';
        $os_tests->{hpux}   = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{hpux9}  = 1 if index( $ua, '09.' ) != -1;
        $os_tests->{hpux10} = 1 if index( $ua, '10.' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'aix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os               = 'unix';
        $os_string        = 'AIX';
        $os_tests->{aix}  = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{aix1} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 1' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{aix2} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 2' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{aix3} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 3' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{aix4} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 4' ) != -1 );
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\bsco\b} || index( $ua, 'unix_sv' ) != -1 ) {
        $os              = 'unix';
        $os_string       = 'SCO Unix';
        $os_tests->{sco} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'unix_system_v' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                   = 'unix';
        $os_string            = 'System V Unix';
        $os_tests->{unixware} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\bncr\b} ) {
        $os                = 'unix';
        $os_string         = 'NCR Unix';
        $os_tests->{mpras} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'reliantunix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                  = 'unix';
        $os_string           = 'Reliant Unix';
        $os_tests->{reliant} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'dec' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'osf1' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'declpha' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'alphaserver' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'ultrix' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'alphastation' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'unix';
        $os_tests->{dec} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'sinix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'unix';
        $os_tests->{sinix} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'bsd' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'unix';
        if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{(\w*bsd\w*)}i ) {
            $os_string = $1;
        }
        $os_tests->{bsd}     = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{freebsd} = 1 if index( $ua, 'freebsd' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( $tests->{x11} ) {

        # Some Unix we didn't identify
        $os = 'unix';
        $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'vax' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'openvms' ) != -1 ) {

        $os = 'vms';
        $os_tests->{vms} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'bb10';
        $os_tests->{bb10} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'rim tablet os' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'rimtabletos';
        $os_tests->{rimtabletos} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation 3' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'ps3gameos';
        $os_tests->{ps3gameos} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation portable' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'pspgameos';
        $os_tests->{pspgameos} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows' ) != -1 ) {

        # Windows again, the super generic version
        $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'win32' ) != -1 ) {
        $os_tests->{win32} = $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{(brew)|(\bbmp\b)}i ) {
        $os = 'brew';
        if ($1) {
            $os_string = 'Brew';
        }
        else {
            $os_string = 'Brew MP';
        }
        $os_tests->{brew} = 1;
    }
    else {
        $os = undef;
    }

    # To deal with FirefoxOS we seem to have to load-on-demand devices
    # also, by calling ->mobile and ->tablet. We have to be careful;
    # if we ever created a loop back from _init_devices to _init_os
    # we'd run forever.
    if (  !$os
        && $browser_tests->{firefox}
        && index( $ua, 'fennec' ) == -1
        && ( $self->mobile || $self->tablet ) ) {
        $os = 'firefoxos';
        $os_tests->{firefoxos} = 1;
    }

    $self->{os} = $os;
    if ( $os and !$os_string ) {
        $os_string = $OS_NAMES{$os};
    }
    $self->{os_string} = $os_string;
}

sub _init_os_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $os        = $self->os;
    my $os_string = $self->os_string;
    my $ua        = lc $self->{user_agent};

    my $os_version = undef;

    if ( !defined $os ) {

        # Nothing is going to work if we have no OS. Skip everything.
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'winphone' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{windows phone (?:os )?(\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'macosx' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{os x (\d+)[\._](\d+)[\._]?(\d*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, ".$2", length($3) ? ".$3" : q{} ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'ios' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{ os (\d+)[\._ ](\d+)[\._ ]?(\d*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, ".$2", length($3) ? ".$3" : q{} ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'chromeos' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{ cros \S* (\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'android' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{android (\d+)(\.?\d*)([\w\-\.]*)[\;\)]} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'firefoxos' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{firefox/(\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'brew' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{(brew|\bbmp) (\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $2, $3, $4 ];
        }
    }

    # Set the version. It might be set to undef, in which case we know
    # not to go through this next time.
    $self->{os_version} = $os_version;
}

### Version determination, only run on demand

sub _init_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};
    my $tests         = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $browser       = $self->{browser};

    $self->{version_tests} = {};
    my $version_tests = $self->{version_tests};

    my ( $major, $minor, $beta );

    ### First figure out version numbers. First, we test if we're
    ### using a browser that needs some special method to determine
    ### the version.

    if ( defined $browser && $browser eq 'opera' ) {

        # Opera has a 'compatible; ' section, but lies sometimes. It needs
        # special handling.

        # http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/opera-ua-string-changes/
        # http://my.opera.com/community/openweb/idopera/
        # Opera/9.80 (S60; SymbOS; Opera Mobi/320; U; sv) Presto/2.4.15 Version/10.00
        # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.52 Safari/537.36 OPR/15.0.1147.100

        if ( $ua =~ m{\AOpera.*\sVersion/(\d*)\.(\d*)\z}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{\bOPR/(\d+)\.(\d+)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{Opera[ /](\d+).(\d+)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua
        =~ m{\b compatible; \s* [\w\-]* [/\s] ( [0-9]+ ) (?: .([0-9]+) (\S*) )? ;}x
    ) {
        # MSIE and some others use a 'compatible' format
        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = ( $1, $2, $3 );
    }
    elsif ( !$browser ) {

        # Nothing else is going to work if $browser isn't defined; skip the
        # specific approaches and go straight to the generic ones.
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{edge} ) {
        ( $major, $minor, $beta )
            = $ua =~ m{Edge/(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?([\.\d]+)?}i;
        ( $major, $minor, $beta )
            = $ua =~ m{(?:Edg|EdgA|EdgiOS)/(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?([\.\d]+)?}i
            unless defined $major;
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{safari} ) {

        # Safari Version

        if (
            0
            && $ua =~ m{ # Disabled for bug compatibility
                version/
                ( \d+ )       # Major version number is everything before first dot
                \.            # First dot
                ( \d+ )?      # Minor version number follows dot
            }x
        ) {
            # Safari starting with version 3.0 provides its own public version
            ( $major, $minor ) = ( $1, $2, undef );
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{ safari/ ( \d+ (?: \.\d+ )* ) }x ) {
            if ( my ( $safari_build, $safari_minor ) = split /\./, $1 ) {
                $major = int( $safari_build / 100 );
                $minor = int( $safari_build % 100 );
                $beta  = ".$safari_minor" if defined $safari_minor;
            }
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{applewebkit\/([\d\.]{1,})}xi ) {
            if ( my ( $safari_build, $safari_minor ) = split /\./, $1 ) {
                $major = int( $safari_build / 100 );
                $minor = int( $safari_build % 100 );
                $beta  = ".$safari_minor" if $safari_minor;
            }
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{fxios} ) {
        ( $major, $minor ) = $ua =~ m{ \b fxios/ (\d+) [.] (\d+) }x;
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{ie} ) {

        # MSIE

        if ( $ua =~ m{\b msie \s ( [0-9\.]+ ) (?: [a-z]+ [a-z0-9]* )? ;}x ) {

            # Internet Explorer
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /\./, $1;
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{\b rv: ( [0-9\.]+ ) \b}x ) {

            # MSIE masking as Gecko really well ;)
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /\./, $1;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'n3ds' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{Nintendo 3DS;.*\sVersion/(\d*)\.(\d*)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'browsex' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{BrowseX \((\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
            $beta  = $3;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{netscape6/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)} ) {

        # Other cases get handled below, we just need this to skip the '6'
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'brave' ) {

        # Note: since 0.7.10, Brave has changed the branding
        # of GitHub's 'Electron' (http://electron.atom.io/) to 'Brave'.
        # This means the browser string has both 'brave/' (the browser)
        # and 'Brave/' (re-branded Electron) in it.
        # The generic section below looks at $self->{browser_string}, which is 'Brave'
        # (Electron) and not $self->{browser} which is 'brave'.
        # Caveat parser.
        if ( $ua =~ m{brave/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)} ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
            $beta  = $3;
        }
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'chrome'
        && $ua =~ m{crios/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'pubsub'
        && $ua =~ m{apple-pubsub/(\d+)\.?(\d+)?([\d.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'obigo'
        && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{(obigo[\w\-]*|teleca)[\/ ]\w(\d+)(\w*)}i )
    {
        $major = $2;
        $minor = q{};
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'polaris'
        && $ua =~ m{polaris[ \/](\d+)\.?(\d+)?([\d\.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'ucbrowser'
        && $ua =~ m{ucbrowser[\/ ]*(\d+)\.?(\d+)?([\d\.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'samsung' && $ua =~ m{samsungbrowser/(\d+)\.(\d+)\s} )
    {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
    }

    # If we didn't match a browser-specific test, we look for
    # '$browser/x.y.z'
    if ( !defined $major && defined $self->{browser_string} ) {
        my $version_index = index( $ua, lc "$self->{browser_string}/" );
        if ( $version_index != -1 ) {
            my $version_str
                = substr( $ua, $version_index + length($browser) );
            if ( $version_str =~ m{/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\w.]*)} ) {
                $major = $1;
                $minor = $2;
                $beta  = $3;
            }
        }
    }

    # If that didn't work, we try 'Version/x.y.z'
    if ( !defined $major ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{version/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\w.]*)} ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
            $beta  = $3;
        }
    }

    # If that didn't work, we start guessing. Just grab
    # anything after a word and a slash.
    if ( !defined $major ) {

        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = (
            $ua =~ m{
                \S+        # Greedily catch anything leading up to forward slash.
                \/                # Version starts with a slash
                [A-Za-z]*         # Eat any letters before the major version
                ( [0-9]+ )        # Major version number is everything before the first dot
                 \.               # The first dot
                ([\d]* )          # Minor version number is every digit after the first dot
                                  # Throw away remaining numbers and dots
                ( [^\s]* )        # Beta version string is up to next space
            }x
        );
    }

    # If that didn't work, try even more generic.
    if ( !defined $major ) {

        if ( $ua =~ /[A-Za-z]+\/(\d+)\;/ ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = 0;
        }
    }

    # If that didn't work, give up.
    $major = 0     if !$major;
    $minor = 0     if !$minor;
    $beta  = undef if ( defined $beta && $beta eq q{} );

    # Now set version tests

    if ( $browser_tests->{netscape} ) {

        # Netscape browsers
        $version_tests->{nav2}    = 1 if $major == 2;
        $version_tests->{nav3}    = 1 if $major == 3;
        $version_tests->{nav4}    = 1 if $major == 4;
        $version_tests->{nav4up}  = 1 if $major >= 4;
        $version_tests->{nav45}   = 1 if $major == 4 && $minor == 5;
        $version_tests->{nav45up} = 1
            if ( $major == 4 && ".$minor" >= .5 )
            || $major >= 5;
        $version_tests->{navgold} = 1
            if defined $beta && ( index( $beta, 'gold' ) != -1 );
        $version_tests->{nav6} = 1
            if ( $major == 5 || $major == 6 );    # go figure
        $version_tests->{nav6up} = 1 if $major >= 5;

        if ( $browser eq 'seamonkey' ) {

            # Ugh, seamonkey versions started back at 1.
            $version_tests->{nav2}    = 0;
            $version_tests->{nav4up}  = 1;
            $version_tests->{nav45up} = 1;
            $version_tests->{nav6}    = 1;
            $version_tests->{nav6up}  = 1;
        }
    }

    if ( $browser_tests->{ie} ) {
        $version_tests->{ie3}    = 1 if ( $major == 3 );
        $version_tests->{ie4}    = 1 if ( $major == 4 );
        $version_tests->{ie4up}  = 1 if ( $major >= 4 );
        $version_tests->{ie5}    = 1 if ( $major == 5 );
        $version_tests->{ie5up}  = 1 if ( $major >= 5 );
        $version_tests->{ie55}   = 1 if ( $major == 5 && $minor == 5 );
        $version_tests->{ie55up} = 1 if ( ".$minor" >= .5 || $major >= 6 );
        $version_tests->{ie6}    = 1 if ( $major == 6 );
        $version_tests->{ie7}    = 1 if ( $major == 7 );
        $version_tests->{ie8}    = 1 if ( $major == 8 );
        $version_tests->{ie9}    = 1 if ( $major == 9 );
        $version_tests->{ie10}   = 1 if ( $major == 10 );
        $version_tests->{ie11}   = 1 if ( $major == 11 );

        $version_tests->{ie_compat_mode}
            = (    $version_tests->{ie7}
                && $tests->{trident}
                && defined $self->engine_version
                && $self->engine_version >= 4 );
    }

    if ( $browser_tests->{aol} ) {
        $version_tests->{aol3} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'aol 3.0' ) != -1
            || $version_tests->{ie3} );
        $version_tests->{aol4} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'aol 4.0' ) != -1 )
            || $version_tests->{ie4};
        $version_tests->{aol5}  = 1 if index( $ua, 'aol 5.0' ) != -1;
        $version_tests->{aol6}  = 1 if index( $ua, 'aol 6.0' ) != -1;
        $version_tests->{aoltv} = 1 if index( $ua, 'navio' ) != -1;
    }

    if ( $browser_tests->{opera} ) {
        $version_tests->{opera3} = 1
            if index( $ua, 'opera 3' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'opera/3' ) != -1;
        $version_tests->{opera4} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 4' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/4' ) != -1
            && ( index( $ua, 'nintendo dsi' ) == -1 ) );
        $version_tests->{opera5} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 5' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/5' ) != -1 );
        $version_tests->{opera6} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 6' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/6' ) != -1 );
        $version_tests->{opera7} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 7' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/7' ) != -1 );

    }

    $minor = ".$minor";

    $self->{major} = $major;
    $self->{minor} = $minor;
    $self->{beta}  = $beta;
}

### Device tests, only run on demand

sub _init_device {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $tests         = $self->{tests};

    my ( $device, $device_string );
    my $device_tests = $self->{device_tests} = {};

    if ( index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'winphone';

        # Test is set in _init_os()
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'silk-accelerated' ) != -1 ) {

        # Silk-accelerated indicates a 1st generation Kindle Fire,
        # which may not have other indications of being an Android
        # device.
        $device = 'android';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'blackberry' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'rim tablet os' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'blackberry';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ipod' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'ipod';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'ipad';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'iphone' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'iphone';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'webos' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'webos';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'kindle' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'kindle';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'audrey' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'audrey';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'i-opener' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'iopener';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'avantgo' ) != -1 ) {
        $device                  = 'avantgo';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
        $device_tests->{palm}    = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'palmos' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'palm';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation 3' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'ps3';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation portable' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'psp';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo dsi' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'dsi';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo 3ds' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'n3ds';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif (
           $browser_tests->{obigo}
        || $browser_tests->{ucbrowser}
        || index( $ua, 'up.browser' ) != -1
        || (   index( $ua, 'nokia' ) != -1
            && index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) == -1 )
        || index( $ua, 'alcatel' ) != -1
        || $ua =~ m{\bbrew\b}
        || $ua =~ m{\bbmp\b}
        || index( $ua, 'ericsson' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'sie-' ) == 0
        || index( $ua, 'wmlib' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, ' wap' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap ' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap/' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, '-wap' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap-' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap' ) == 0
        || index( $ua, 'wapper' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'zetor' ) != -1
    ) {
        $device = 'wap';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }

    $device_tests->{tablet} = (
        index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1
            || ( $browser_tests->{ie}
            && index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) == -1
            && index( $ua, 'arm' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1
            && index( $ua, 'mobile' ) == -1
            && index( $ua, 'safari' ) != -1 )
            || ( $browser_tests->{firefox} && index( $ua, 'tablet' ) != -1 )
            || index( $ua, 'an10bg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an10bg3dt' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an10g2' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7bg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7dg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7dg3childpad' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7dg3st' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7fg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7g3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an8cg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an8g3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an9g3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'flyer' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'hp-tablet' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'jetstream' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'kindle' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'novo7' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'opera tablet' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'rim tablet' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'transformer' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'xoom' ) != -1
    );

    if ( !$device_tests->{tablet} ) {
        $device_tests->{mobile} = (
            ( $browser_tests->{firefox} && index( $ua, 'mobile' ) != -1 )
                || ( $browser_tests->{ie}
                && index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) == -1
                && index( $ua, 'arm' ) != -1 )
                || index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'up.browser' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'nokia' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'alcatel' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'ericsson' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'sie-' ) == 0
                || index( $ua, 'wmlib' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, ' wap' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap ' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap/' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, '-wap' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap-' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap' ) == 0
                || index( $ua, 'wapper' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'blackberry' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'mobile' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'palm' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'smartphone' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'windows ce' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'palmsource' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'iphone' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'ipod' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1
                || ( index( $ua, 'opera mini' ) != -1
                && index( $ua, 'tablet' ) == -1 )
                || index( $ua, 'htc_' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'symbian' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'webos' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'samsung' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'zetor' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'symbos' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'opera mobi' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'fennec' ) != -1
                || $ua =~ m{\bbrew\b}
                || index( $ua, 'obigo' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'teleca' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'polaris' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'opera tablet' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'rim tablet' ) != -1
                || ( index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1
                && index( $ua, 'mobile' ) != -1 )
                || $device_tests->{psp}
                || $device_tests->{dsi}
                || $device_tests->{'n3ds'}
        );
    }

    if (   $browser_tests->{ucbrowser}
        && $self->{user_agent}
        =~ m{ucweb/2.0\s*\(([^\;\)]*\;){3,4}\s*([^\;\)]*?)\s*\)}i ) {
        $device_string = $2;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /^(\bmot-[^ \/]+)/ ) {
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent}, 0, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/^MOT-/Motorola /i;
    }
    elsif ( ( $browser_tests->{obigo} || index( $ua, 'brew' ) != -1 )
        && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{\d+x\d+ ([\d\w\- ]+?)( \S+\/\S+)*$}i ) {
        $device_string = $1;
    }
    elsif (
        $ua =~ /windows phone os [^\)]+ iemobile\/[^;]+; ([^;]+; [^;\)]+)/g )
    {
        # windows phone 7.x
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/; / /;
    }
    elsif ( $ua
        =~ /windows phone [^\)]+ iemobile\/[^;]+; arm; touch; ([^;]+; [^;\)]+)/g
    ) {
        # windows phone 8.0
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/; / /;
    }
    elsif (
        $ua =~ /windows phone 8[^\)]+ iemobile\/[^;]+; ([^;]+; [^;\)]+)/g ) {

        # windows phone 8.1
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/; / /;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /bb10; ([^;\)]+)/g ) {
        $device_string = 'BlackBerry ' . substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/Kbd/Q10/;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /blackberry ([\w.]+)/ ) {
        $device_string = "BlackBerry $1";
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /blackberry(\d+)\// ) {
        $device_string = "BlackBerry $1";
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /silk-accelerated/ ) {

        # Only first generation Kindle Fires have that string
        $device_string = 'Kindle Fire';
        $device_tests->{kindlefire} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ /android .*\; ([^;]*) build/i ) {
        my $model = $1;
        if ( $model =~ m{^KF} || $model =~ m{kindle fire}i ) {

            # We might hit this even if tablet() is false, if we have
            # a Kindle Fire masquerading as a mobile device.
            $device_string = 'Kindle Fire';
            $device_tests->{kindlefire} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( $device_tests->{tablet} ) {
            $device_string = "Android tablet ($model)";
        }
        else {
            $device_string = "Android ($model)";
        }
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent}
        =~ /\b((alcatel|huawei|lg|nokia|samsung|sonyericsson)[\w\-]*)\//i ) {
        $device_string = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ /CrKey/ ) {
        $device        = 'chromecast';
        $device_string = 'Chromecast';
    }
    elsif ($device) {
        $device_string = $DEVICE_NAMES{$device};
    }
    else {
        $device_string = undef;
    }

    if ($device) {
        $self->{device} = $device;
    }
    else {
        $self->{device}
            = undef;    # Means we cache the fact that we found nothing
    }

    if ($device_string) {
        $self->{device_string} = $device_string;
    }
}

### Now a big block of public accessors for tests and information

sub browser {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return undef unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    return $self->{browser};
}

sub browser_string {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return undef unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    return $self->{browser_string};
}

sub robot {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->_init_robots unless exists( $self->{robot_string} );
    return $self->{robot_tests}->{robot};
}

sub robot_string {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->_init_robots unless exists( $self->{robot_string} );
    return $self->{robot_string};
}

sub robot_name {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->robot_string;
}

sub robot_id {
    my $self = shift;
    return
          $self->{robot_tests}->{robot_id} ? $self->{robot_tests}->{robot_id}
        : $self->robot                     ? $ROBOT_IDS{ $self->robot }
        :                                    undef;
}

sub _robot_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_robots unless exists( $self->{robot_string} );
    if ( $self->{robot_version} ) {
        return @{ $self->{robot_version} };
    }
    else {
        return ( undef, undef, undef );
    }
}

sub robot_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    if ( defined $major ) {
        if ( defined $minor ) {
            return "$major$minor";
        }
        else {
            return $major;
        }
    }
    else {
        return undef;
    }
}

sub robot_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    return $major;
}

sub robot_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    return $minor;
}

sub robot_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    return $beta;
}

sub os {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return undef    unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    $self->_init_os unless $self->{os_tests};
    return $self->{os};
}

sub os_string {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return undef    unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    $self->_init_os unless $self->{os_tests};
    return $self->{os_string};
}

sub _os_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_os_version if !exists( $self->{os_version} );
    if ( $self->{os_version} ) {
        return @{ $self->{os_version} };
    }
    else {
        return ( undef, undef, undef );
    }
}

sub os_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return defined $major ? "$major$minor" : undef;
}

sub os_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return $major;
}

sub os_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return $minor;
}

sub os_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return $beta;
}

sub _realplayer_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_version unless $self->{version_tests};
    return $self->{realplayer_version} || 0;
}

sub realplayer_browser {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return defined( $self->{browser} ) && $self->{browser} eq 'realplayer';
}

sub gecko_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    if ( $self->gecko ) {
        return $self->{engine_version};
    }
    else {
        return undef;
    }
}

sub version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};

    return defined $self->{major} ? "$self->{major}$self->{minor}" : undef;
}

sub major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};

    my ($version) = $self->{major};
    return $version;
}

sub minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};

    my ($version) = $self->{minor};
    return $version;
}

sub public_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    $minor ||= q{};
    return defined $major ? "$major$minor" : undef;
}

sub public_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $major;
}

sub public_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $minor;
}

sub public_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_public;

    return $beta;
}

sub browser_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;
    $minor ||= q{};

    return defined $major ? "$major$minor" : undef;
}

sub browser_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $major;
}

sub browser_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $minor;
}

sub browser_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_public;

    return $beta;
}

sub _public {
    my ($self) = @_;

    # Return Public version of Safari. See RT #48727.
    if ( $self->safari ) {
        my $ua = lc $self->{user_agent};

        # Safari starting with version 3.0 provides its own public version
        if (
            $ua =~ m{
                version/
                ( \d+ )       # Major version number is everything before first dot
                ( \. \d+ )?   # Minor version number is first dot and following digits
            }x
        ) {
            return ( $1, $2, undef );
        }

        # Safari before version 3.0 had only build numbers; use a lookup table
        # provided by Apple to convert to version numbers

        if ( $ua =~ m{ safari/ ( \d+ (?: \.\d+ )* ) }x ) {
            my $build   = $1;
            my $version = $safari_build_to_version{$build};
            unless ($version) {

                # if exact build -> version mapping doesn't exist, find next
                # lower build

                for my $maybe_build (
                    sort { $self->_cmp_versions( $b, $a ) }
                    keys %safari_build_to_version
                ) {
                    $version = $safari_build_to_version{$maybe_build}, last
                        if $self->_cmp_versions( $build, $maybe_build ) >= 0;
                }

                # Special case for specific worm that uses a malformed user agent
                return ( '1', '.2', undef ) if $ua =~ m{safari/12x};
            }

            return ( undef, undef, undef ) unless defined $version;
            my ( $major, $minor ) = split /\./, $version;
            my $beta;
            $minor =~ s/(\D.*)// and $beta = $1;
            $minor = ( '.' . $minor );
            return ( $major, $minor, ( $beta ? 1 : undef ) );
        }
    }

    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};
    return ( $self->{major}, $self->{minor}, $self->{beta} );
}

sub _cmp_versions {
    my ( $self, $a, $b ) = @_;

    my @a = split /\./, $a;
    my @b = split /\./, $b;

    while (@b) {
        return -1 if @a == 0 || $a[0] < $b[0];
        return 1  if @b == 0 || $b[0] < $a[0];
        shift @a;
        shift @b;
    }

    return @a <=> @b;
}

sub engine {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return
         !$self->engine_string           ? undef
        : $self->engine_string eq 'MSIE' ? 'ie'
        :                                  lc( $self->engine_string );
}

sub engine_string {
    my ($self) = @_;

    if ( $self->gecko ) {
        return 'Gecko';
    }

    if ( $self->trident ) {
        return 'Trident';
    }

    if ( $self->ie ) {
        return 'MSIE';
    }

    if ( $self->edgelegacy ) {
        return 'EdgeHTML';
    }

    if ( $self->webkit ) {
        return 'WebKit';
    }

    if ( $self->presto ) {
        return 'Presto';
    }

    if ( $self->netfront ) {
        return 'NetFront';
    }

    if ( $self->khtml ) {
        return 'KHTML';
    }

    return undef;
}

sub engine_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^(\d+(\.\d+)?)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub engine_major {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^(\d+)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub engine_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^\d+(\.\d+)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub engine_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^\d+\.\d+([\.\d\+]*)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub beta {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_version unless $self->{version_tests};

    my ($version) = $self->{beta};
    return $version;
}

sub language {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $parsed = $self->_language_country();
    return $parsed->{'language'};
}

sub country {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $parsed = $self->_language_country();
    return $parsed->{'country'};
}

sub device {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_device if !exists( $self->{device} );
    return $self->{device};
}

sub device_string {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_device if !exists( $self->{device_string} );
    return $self->{device_string};
}

sub device_name {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return $self->device_string;
}

sub _language_country {
    my ($self) = @_;

    if ( $self->safari ) {
        if (   $self->major == 1
            && $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\s ( [a-z]{2} ) \)/xms ) {
            return { language => uc $1 };
        }
        if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\s ([a-z]{2})-([A-Za-z]{2})/xms ) {
            return { language => uc $1, country => uc $2 };
        }
    }

    if (   $self->aol
        && $self->{user_agent} =~ m/;([A-Z]{2})_([A-Z]{2})\)/ ) {
        return { language => $1, country => $2 };
    }

    if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\b([a-z]{2})-([A-Za-z]{2})\b/xms ) {
        return { language => uc $1, country => uc $2 };
    }

    if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\[([a-z]{2})\]/xms ) {
        return { language => uc $1 };
    }

    if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\(([^)]+)\)/xms ) {
        my @parts = split( /;/, $1 );
        foreach my $part (@parts) {

            # 'wv' for WebView is not language code. Details here: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/user-agent#webview_user_agent
            if ( $part =~ /^\s*([a-z]{2})\s*$/
                && !( $self->webview && $1 eq 'wv' ) ) {
                return { language => uc $1 };
            }
        }
    }

    return { language => undef, country => undef };
}

sub browser_properties {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my @browser_properties;

    my ( $test, $value );

    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{browser_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }

    $self->_init_device  unless $self->{device_tests};
    $self->_init_os      unless $self->{os_tests};
    $self->_init_robots  unless $self->{robot_tests};
    $self->_init_version unless $self->{version_tests};

    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{device_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{os_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{robot_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{version_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }

    # devices are a property too but it's not stored in %tests
    # so I explicitly test for it and add it
    push @browser_properties, 'device' if ( $self->device() );

    @browser_properties = sort @browser_properties;
    return @browser_properties;
}

sub lib {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->_init_robots() unless $self->{robot_tests};
    return $self->{robot_tests}->{lib};
}

sub all_robot_ids {
    my $self = shift;
    return keys %ROBOT_NAMES;
}

# The list of U2F supported browsers is expected to increase:
# https://www.bit-tech.net/news/tech/software/w3c-adopts-fidos-webauthn-standard/1/

sub u2f {
    my $self = shift;

    # Chrome version 41 and up can U2F
    return 1
        if $self->chrome
        && $self->browser_major
        && $self->browser_major >= 41;

    # Opera versions 40 and >= 42 can U2F
    return 1
        if $self->opera
        && $self->browser_major
        && ( $self->browser_major == 40
        || $self->browser_major >= 42 );

    return undef;
}

# These method are only used by the test suite.
sub _all_tests {
    return @ALL_TESTS;
}

sub _robot_names {
    return %ROBOT_NAMES;
}

sub _robot_tests {
    return @ROBOT_TESTS;
}

sub _robot_ids {
    return %ROBOT_IDS;
}

1;

# ABSTRACT: Determine Web browser, version, and platform from an HTTP user agent string

__END__