File Coverage

blib/lib/Getopt/Alt.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	220	256	85.9
branch	106	144	73.6
condition	68	128	53.1
subroutine	27	27	100.0
pod	6	6	100.0
total	427	561	76.1

package Getopt::Alt;

# Created on: 2009-07-17 07:40:56
# Create by:  Ivan Wills
# $Id$
# $Revision$, $HeadURL$, $Date$
# $Revision$, $Source$, $Date$

use Moose;
use warnings;
use version;
use Carp;
use English qw/ -no_match_vars /;
use List::Util qw/uniq/;
use Getopt::Alt::Option qw/build_option/;
use Getopt::Alt::Exception;
use Try::Tiny;
use Path::Tiny;
use Config::Any;
use File::HomeDir;

use overload (
    '@{}'  => sub { $_[0]->files },
    'bool' => sub { 1 },
);

Moose::Exporter->setup_import_methods(
    as_is => [qw/get_options/],
);

our $VERSION = version->new('0.5.2');
our $EXIT    = 1;

has options => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Str',
    default => 'Getopt::Alt::Dynamic',
);
has opt => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Getopt::Alt::Dynamic',
    clearer => 'clear_opt',
);
has default => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'HashRef',
    default => sub {{}},
);
has files => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'ArrayRef[Str]',
    default => sub {[]},
);
has bundle => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Bool',
    default => 1,
);
has ignore_case => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Bool',
    default => 1,
);
has help_package => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Str',
);
has help_packages => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'HashRef[Str]',
);
has helper => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Bool',
);
has cmd => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Str',
    clearer => 'clear_cmd',
    documentation => 'The found sub-command',
);
has sub_command => (
    is            => 'rw',
    predicate     => 'has_sub_command',
    documentation => <<'DOC',
if true (== 1) processing of args stops at first non-defined parameter, if
a HASH ref the keys are assumed to be the allowed sub commands and the values
are assumed to be parameters to passed to get_options where the generated
options will be a sub object of generated options object. Finally if this
is a sub ref it will be called with self and the rest of ARGV
DOC
);
has aliases => (
    is            => 'rw',
    isa           => 'HashRef[ArrayRef]',
    default       => sub {{}},
    documentation => 'Stores the list of aliases sub-commands can have',
);
has default_sub_command => (
    is        => 'rw',
    isa       => 'Str',
    predicate => 'has_default_sub_command',
);
has auto_complete => (
    is        => 'rw',
    isa       => 'CodeRef',
    predicate => 'has_auto_complete',
);
has auto_complete_shortener => (
    is        => 'rw',
    isa       => 'CodeRef',
    predicate => 'has_auto_complete_shortener',
);
has name => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Str',
    default => sub { path($0)->basename },
);
has config => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'HashRef',
    predicate => 'has_config',
);
has conf_prefix => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Str',
    default => '.',
);
has conf_section => (
    is      => 'rw',
    isa     => 'Str',
    predicate => 'has_conf_section',
);

my $count = 1;
around BUILDARGS => sub {
    my ($orig, $class, @params) = @_;
    my %param;

    if (ref $params[0] eq 'HASH' && ref $params[1] eq 'ARRAY') {
        %param  = %{ $params[0] };
        @params = @{ $params[1] };
    }
    elsif ( !%param && ref $params[0] eq 'HASH' ) {
        %param = %{ shift @params };
    }

    if ( !exists $param{helper} || $param{helper} ) {
        unshift @params, (
            'help',
            'man',
            'version',
            'auto_complete|auto-complete=i',
            'auto_complete_list|auto-complete-list!',
        );
    }

    if ( @params ) {
        $param{options} = _build_option_class(
            $param{options} || 'Getopt::Alt::Dynamic',
            @params,
        );

        if (0 && $param{sub_command} && ref $param{sub_command} eq 'HASH') {

            # build up all the sub command options
            for my $sub (keys %{ $param{sub_command} }) {
                $param{sub_command}{$sub} = _build_option_class(
                    $param{options},
                    $param{sub_command}{$sub},
                );
            }
        }
    }

    return $class->$orig(%param);
};

sub _build_option_class {
    my ($base_class, @params) = @_;

    # construct a class of options passing
    my $class_name = 'Getopt::Alt::Dynamic::A' . $count++;
    my $option_class = Moose::Meta::Class->create(
        $class_name,
        superclasses => [ $base_class ],
    );

    while ( my $option = shift @params ) {
        build_option($option_class, $option);
    }

    return $class_name;
}

sub BUILD {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $basename = $self->name;
    my $prefix   = $self->conf_prefix;
    my $conf = Config::Any->load_stems({
        stems   => [
            "$prefix$basename",
            File::HomeDir->my_home . "/$prefix$basename", "/etc/$basename",
        ],
        use_ext => 1,
    });

    $conf = {
        map { %$_ }
        map { values %$_    }
        reverse @{ $conf }
    };

    # perlcritic is confused here combining hashes is not the same as comma separated arguments
    $self->default({ %{$self->default}, %$conf, });  ## no critic
    $self->config($conf);

    if ($conf->{aliases}) {
        for my $alias (keys %{ $conf->{aliases} }) {
            $self->aliases->{$alias} = [ split /\s+/xms, $conf->{aliases}{$alias} ];
        }
    }

    return;
}

sub get_options {
    my @args = @_;
    my $caller = caller;

    if ( @args > 2 && ref $args[0] eq 'HASH' && ref $args[1] ne 'ARRAY' ) {
        my $options = shift @args;
        @args = ( { default => $options}, [ @args ] );
    }

    my $self;
    try {
        $self = __PACKAGE__->new(@args);

        $self->help_package($caller) if !$self->help_package || $self->help_package eq __PACKAGE__;

        $self->process();
    }
    catch {
        if ( ref $_ && ref $_ eq 'Getopt::Alt::Exception' && $_->help ) {
            die $_;
        }

        warn $_;
        $self = __PACKAGE__->new();

        $self->help_package($caller) if !$self->help_package || $self->help_package eq __PACKAGE__;

        $self->_show_help(1);
    };

    return if !defined $self;

    return wantarray ? ( $self->opt, $self->cmd, $self ) : $self->opt;
}

sub process {
    my ($self, @args) = @_;
    my $passed_args = scalar @args;
    @args = $passed_args ? @args : @ARGV;
    $self->clear_opt;
    $self->clear_cmd;
    $self->files([]);

    my @args_orig = @args;
    my $class = $self->options;
    $self->opt( $class->new( %{ $self->default } ) );
    my @errors;

    ARG:
    while (my $arg = shift @args) {
        my $action = '';
        try {
            my ($long, $short, $arg_data);
            if ( $arg =~ /^-- (\w[^=\s]+) (?:= (.*) )?/xms ) {
                $long = $1;
                $arg_data = $2;
            }
            elsif ( $arg =~ /^- (\w) =? (.*)/xms ) {
                $short = $1;
                $arg_data  = $2;
            }
            elsif ( $arg eq '--' ) {
                if ( $self->auto_complete && $self->opt->auto_complete &&
                    path($0)->basename eq path($args[0])->basename
                ) {
                    shift @args;
                }

                if ( $self->opt->auto_complete
                    && $self->sub_command
                    && $self->has_auto_complete_shortener
                ) {
                    @args = $self->auto_complete_shortener->($self, @args);
                }
                push @{ $self->files }, @args;
                die "last\n";
            }
            else {
                push @{ $self->files }, $arg;
                die $self->sub_command ? "last\n" : "next\n";
            }

            my ($opt, $new_value) = $self->best_option( $long, $short );
            if (defined $new_value) {
                $long = $opt->name;
                $short = undef;
                ($arg_data) = $arg =~ /^--?(\d+)$/;
            }
            $opt->value( $self->opt->{ $opt->name } );

            my ($value, $used) = $opt->process( $long, $short, $arg_data, \@args );
            my $opt_name = $opt->name;
            if ( $self->opt->auto_complete && $opt_name eq 'auto_complete_list' ) {
                print join ' ', $self->list_options;
                $EXIT ? exit 0 : return;
            }
            $self->opt->{$opt->name} = $value;

            if ( !$used && $short && defined $arg_data && length $arg_data ) {
                unshift @args, '-' . $arg_data;
            }
            if ($self->has_conf_section
                && $self->conf_section
                && $self->conf_section == $opt_name
                && @args_orig
            ) {
                $self->opt(
                    $class->new(
                        %{ $self->default },
                        %{ $self->config->{$self->conf_section}{$value} },
                    )
                );
                # restart the process
                @args = @args_orig;
                @args_orig = ();
            }
        }
        catch {
            if ( $_ eq "next\n" ) {
                $action = 'next';
            }
            elsif ( $_ eq "last\n" ) {
                # last means we have found a sub command we should see if it is an alias
                if ($self->aliases->{$arg}) {
                    $self->files->[-1] = shift @{ $self->aliases->{$arg} };
                    my @new_args = @{ $self->aliases->{$arg} };
                    unshift @args, @new_args;
                }

                $action = 'last';
            }
            else {
                $_ = $_->[0] if ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' && @$_ == 1;

                if ( $self->has_auto_complete && $self->opt->auto_complete ) {
                    push @errors, $_;
                }
                else {
                    die $_;
                }
            }
        };
        next if $action eq 'next';
        last if $action eq 'last';
    }

    if ( $self->has_sub_command ) {
        shift @{ $self->files } if @{ $self->files } && $self->files->[0] eq '--';

        if ( ! @{ $self->files } && @args ) {
            $self->files([ @args ]);
        }

        $self->cmd( shift @{ $self->files } ) if ! $self->cmd && @{ $self->files };
    }
    if ( !$passed_args && $self->files ) {
        @ARGV = ( @{ $self->files }, @args );  ## no critic
    }

    if ( $self->has_sub_command ) {
        if ( ref $self->sub_command eq 'HASH'
            && (
                ! $self->has_auto_complete
                || ( $self->cmd && $self->sub_command->{ $self->cmd } )
            )
        ) {
            if ( ! $self->sub_command->{$self->cmd} ) {
                warn 'Unknown command "' . $self->cmd . "\"!\n";
                die Getopt::Alt::Exception->new(
                    message => "Unknown command '$self->cmd'",
                    help => 1,
                ) if !$self->help_package;
                $self->_show_help(1, 'Unknown command "' . $self->cmd . "\"!\n");
            }

            if ( ref $self->sub_command->{$self->cmd} eq 'ARRAY' ) {
                # make a copy of the sub command
                my $sub = [ @{$self->sub_command->{$self->cmd}} ];
                # check the style
                my $options  = @$sub == 2
                    && ref $sub->[0] eq 'HASH'
                    && ref $sub->[1] eq 'ARRAY' ? shift @$sub : {};
                my $opt_args = %$options ? $sub->[0] : $sub;

                # build sub command object
                my $sub_obj = Getopt::Alt->new(
                    {
                        helper  => $self->helper,
                        %{ $options },  ## no critic
                        options => $self->options, # inherit this objects options
                        default => { %{ $self->opt }, %{ $options->{default} || {} } },
                    },
                    $opt_args
                );
                local @ARGV = ();
                if ( $self->opt->auto_complete ) {
                    push @args, '--auto-complete', $self->opt->auto_complete, '--';
                }
                $sub_obj->process(@args);
                $self->opt( $sub_obj->opt );
                $self->files( $sub_obj->files );
            }
        }
        elsif ( $self->sub_command =~ /^[A-Z].*::$/
            && (
                ! $self->has_auto_complete
                || ( $self->cmd && $self->sub_command->{ $self->cmd } )
            )
        ) {
            # object based subcommands
            my $run = $self->sub_module_method || 'run';
        }
    }

    if ( $self->help_package ) {
        if ( $self->opt->{version} ) {
             my ($name)  = $PROGRAM_NAME =~ m{^.*/(.*?)$}mxs;
             my $version = defined $main::VERSION ? $main::VERSION : 'undef';
             die Getopt::Alt::Exception->new(
                 message => "$name Version = $version\n",
                 help => 1,
             );
        }
        elsif ( $self->opt->{man} ) {
            $self->_show_help(2);
        }
        elsif ( $self->opt->{help} ) {
            $self->_show_help(1);
        }
        elsif ( $self->auto_complete && $self->opt->auto_complete ) {
            $self->complete(\@errors);
        }
        elsif ( $self->sub_command && ! $self->cmd ) {
            $self->_show_help(1);
        }
    }

    return $self;
}

sub complete {
    my ($self, $errors) = @_;

    if ( $self->sub_command && !$self->cmd ) {
        my $cmd = shift @ARGV;
        my @sub_command = grep { $cmd ? /$cmd/ : 1 } sort keys %{ $self->sub_command };
        print join ' ', @sub_command;
    }
    elsif ( $ARGV[-1] && $ARGV[-1] =~ /^-/xms ) {
        my $cmd = $ARGV[-1];
        print join ' ', grep { $cmd ? /^$cmd/ : 1 } sort $self->list_options;
    }
    else {
        # run the auto complete method
        $self->auto_complete->($self, $self->opt->auto_complete, $errors);
    }

    # exit here as auto complete should stop processing
    return $EXIT ? exit 0 : undef;
}

sub list_options {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my @names;

    my $meta = $self->options->meta;

    for my $name ( $meta->get_attribute_list ) {
        my $opt = $meta->get_attribute($name);
        for my $name (@{ $opt->names }) {

            # skip auto-complete commands (they are hidden options)
            next if grep {$name eq $_}
                qw/auto_complete auto-complete auto_complete_list auto-complete-list/;
            push @names, $name
        }
    }

    return map {
            length $_ == 1 ? "-$_" : "--$_"
        }
        uniq sort { lc $a cmp lc $b } @names;
}

sub best_option {
    my ($self, $long, $short, $has_no) = @_;

    if ($has_no && $long) {
        $long =~ s/^no-//xms;
    }

    my $meta = $self->options->meta;

    for my $name ( $meta->get_attribute_list ) {
        my $opt = $meta->get_attribute($name);

        return ($opt, undef) if $long && $opt->name eq $long;

        for my $name (@{ $opt->names }) {
            return ($opt, undef) if defined $long && $name eq $long;
            return ($opt, undef) if defined $short && $name eq $short;
        }
    }

    if (($long && $long =~ /^\d+$/xms) || (defined $short && $short =~ /^\d$/xms)) {
        $meta = $self->opt->meta;
        for my $name ( $meta->get_attribute_list ) {
            my $opt = $meta->get_attribute($name);
            return ($opt, $long || $short) if $opt->number;
        }
    }

    return $self->best_option($long, $short, 1) if !$has_no;

    if ( $self->help_package ) {
        die [ Getopt::Alt::Exception->new(
                message => "Unknown option '" . ($long ? "--$long" : "-$short") . "'\n",
                option  => ($long ? "--$long" : "-$short"),
            ) ];
    }
    else {
        die [ Getopt::Alt::Exception->new(
                help    => 1,
                message => "Unknown option '" . ($long ? "--$long" : "-$short") . "'\n",
                option  => ($long ? "--$long" : "-$short"),
            ) ];
    }
}

sub _show_help {
    my ($self, $verbosity, $msg) = @_;

    my %input;
    if ( $self->help_packages && $self->cmd ) {
        my $package = $self->help_packages->{$self->cmd};
        if ($package) {
            $package =~ s{::}{/}gxms;
            $package .= '.pm';
            require $package;
            %input = ( -input => $INC{$package} );
        }
    }
    elsif ( $self->help_package && $self->help_package ne "1" ) {
        my $help = $self->help_package;
        if ( !-f $help ) {
            $help  .= '.pm';
            $help =~ s{::}{/}gxms;
        }
        %input = ( -input => $INC{$help} );
    }

    require Tie::Handle::Scalar;
    my $out = '';
    tie *FH, 'Tie::Handle::Scalar', \$out;
    require Pod::Usage;
    Pod::Usage::pod2usage(
        $msg ? ( -msg => $msg ) : (),
        -verbose => $verbosity,
        -exitval => 'NOEXIT',
        -output  => \*FH,
        %input,
    );
    die Getopt::Alt::Exception->new( message => $out, help => 1 );
}

1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

Getopt::Alt - Command line option passing with with lots of features

=head1 VERSION

This documentation refers to Getopt::Alt version 0.5.2.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

   use Getopt::Alt;

   # OO Style usage
   # Create a new options object
   my $opt = Getopt::Alt->new(
       {
           default => { string => 'default' },
       },
       [
           'string|s=s',
           ...
       ],
   );
   print "String = " . $opt->opt->{string} . "\n";

   # Getopt::Long like usage
   use Getopt::Alt qw/get_options/;

   # most basic form
   my $options = get_options(
       'string|s=s',
       'int|i=i',
       'hash|h=s%',
       'array|a=s@',
       'increment|c+',
       'nullable|n=s?',
       'negatable|b!',
       'fixed_values|fixed-values|f=[a|bunch|of|fixed|values]',
   );
   print Dumper $options->opt;           # passed parameters
   print join ',', @{ $options->files }; # non option parameters

   # with defaults
   my $options = get_options(
       { negatable => 1 },
       'string|s=s',
       'int|i=i',
       'hash|h=s%',
       'array|a=s@',
       'increment|c+',
       'nullable|n=s?',
       'negatable|b!',
       'fixed_values|fixed-values|f=[a|bunch|of|fixed|values]',
   );

   # with configuration
   my $options = get_options(
       {
           helper => 1, # default when using get_options
           sub_command => 1, # stop processing at first non argument parameter
       },
       [
           'string|s=s',
           'int|i=i',
           'hash|h=s%',
           'array|a=s@',
           'increment|c+',
           'nullable|n=s?',
           'negatable|b!',
           'fixed_values|fixed-values|f=[a|bunch|of|fixed|values]',
       ],
   );
   print $cmd;   # sub command

   # with sub command details
   my $options = get_options(
       {
           helper => 1, # default when using get_options
           sub_command => {
               sub   => [ 'suboption' ],
               other => [ 'verbose|v' ],
           },
       },
       [
           'string|s=s',
           'int|i=i',
           'hash|h=s%',
           'array|a=s@',
           'increment|c+',
           'nullable|n=s?',
           'negatable|b!',
           'fixed_values|fixed-values|f=[a|bunch|of|fixed|values]',
       ],
   );
   print Dumper $option->opt;  # command with sub command options merged in

   # auto_complete
   my $options = get_options(
       {
           helper        => 1, # default when using get_options
           auto_complete => sub {
               my ($opt, $auto) = @_;
               # ... code for auto completeion
               # called if --auto-complete specified on the command line
           },
       },
       [
           'string|s=s',
           'int|i=i',
       ],
   );

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The aim of C<Getopt::Alt> is to provide an alternative to L<Getopt::Long> that
allows a simple command line program to easily grow in complexity. L<Getopt::Lon>
can be expanded from a simple command line option passer to allow sub-commands.
Option processing may stop at the sub-command or with the help of modules can
cascade the processing into the sub command's module or config.

The simple usage is quite similar to L<Getopt::Long>:

In C<Getopt::Long> you might get your options like:

 use Getopt::Long;
 my %options = ( string => 'default' );
 GetOptions(
     \%options,
     'string|s=s',
     ...
 );

The found options are now stored in the C<%options> hash.

In C<Getopt::Alt> you might do the following:

 use Getopt::Alt qw/get_options/;
 my %default = ( string => 'default' );
 my $opt = get_options(
     \%default,
     'string|s=s',
     ...
 );
 my %options = %{ $opt->opt };

This will also result in the options stored in the C<%options> hash.

Some other differences between Getopt::Alt and Getopt::Long include:

=over 4

=item *

Bundling - is on by default

=item *

Case sensitivity is on by default

=item *

Throws error rather than returning errors.

=item *

Can work with sub commands

=back

=head1 SUBROUTINES/METHODS

=head2 Exported

=head3 C<get_options (@options | $setup, $options)>

=head3 C<get_options ($default, 'opt1', 'opt2' ... )>

This is the equivalent of calling new(...)->process but it does some extra
argument processing.

B<Note>: The second form is the same basically the same as Getopt::Long's
GetOptions called with a hash ref as the first parameter.

=head2 Class Methods

=head3 C<new ( \%config, \@optspec )>

=head4 config

=over 4

=item C<default> - HashRef

Sets the default values for all the options. The values in opt will be reset
with the values in here each time process is called

=item C<files> - ArrayRef[Str]

Any arguments that not consumed as part of options (usually files), if no
arguments were passed to C<process> then this value would also be put back
into C<@ARGV>.

=item C<bundle> - bool (Default true)

Turns on bundling of arguments eg C<-rv> is equivalent to C<-r -v>. This is
on by default.

=item C<ignore_case> - bool (Default true)

Turns ignoring of the case of arguments, off by default.

=item C<helper> - bool

If set to a true value this will cause the help, man, and version options to
be added the end of your options list. (i.e. you get --help --man and
--version arguments for you program.)

=item C<help_package> - Str

The Perl package with the POD documentation for --help and --man, by default
it's the callers package.

=item C<name> - Str (Default $0's basename)

Used when displaying --version info

=item C<options> - Str (Default Getopt::Alt::Dynamic)

The parent class for generating options.

=item C<opt> - HashRef

The values processed from the C<$ARGV> or arguments passed to the C<process>
method..

=item C<default> - HashRef

The default values for each option. The default value is not modified by
processing, so if set the same default will be used from call to call.

=item C<aliases> - HashRef[ArrayRef[Str]]

When using sub-commands this allows you to configure aliases for those
commands, aliases are recursed, they can have extra arguments though.
If a configuration file is used aliases can be specified in that file.

=item C<config>

Stores the data in the configuration files

=item C<conf_prefix> - Str (Default ".")

The prefix for finding the configuration files. By default the following
is used:

=over 4

=item *

./$conf_prefix$name

=item *

~/$conf_prefix$name

=item *

/etc/$conf_prefix$name

=back

=item C<conf_section>

Used if the using program wants the ability to set up configuration groups
so that the user can have a bunch of default values. This attribute sets the
name in the configuration where configuration groups can be found. There
should also be a matching argument so that the user can choose the appropriate
configuration.

=back

=head2 Object Methods

=head3 C<BUILD ()>

internal method

=head3 C<process ()>

=head3 C<list_options ()>

Returns a list of all command line options in the current object.

=head3 C<best_option ()>

Decides on the best matching option.

=head3 C<complete ()>

Command line auto complete helper

=head2 Auto Complete

For your program (say eg) you can add the following to your C<~/.bashrc>
file to get auto-completion.

    _eg() {
        COMPREPLY=($(vtide --auto-complete ${COMP_CWORD} -- ${COMP_WORDS[@]}))
    }
    complete -F _eg eg

B<Note>: This is different from version 0.5.2 and earlier

=head1 DIAGNOSTICS

=head1 CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Configuration files can be used to specify default values and aliases. They
can be located in the current directory, $HOME or /etc.The file name is
specified by the C<name> attribute (which defaults to the program's name)
and is prepended with a dot. eg:

For a program called as C<$ ./foo> or C<$ foo> C<name> would be set to foo
and possible configuration names would be

=over 4

=item *

.foo.yml

=item *

~/.foo.rc

=item *

/etc/.foo.yml

=back

See L<Config::Any> for information about config formats and file extensions.

=head1 DEPENDENCIES

=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES

=head1 BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

There are no known bugs in this module.

Please report problems to Ivan Wills ([e-mail]).

Patches are welcome.

=head1 AUTHOR

Ivan Wills - ([e-mail])

=head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2009 Ivan Wills (14 Mullion Close, Hornsby Heights, NSW Australia 2077).
All rights reserved.

This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as Perl itself. See L<perlartistic>.  This program is
distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

=cut