File Coverage

blib/lib/Email/Stuffer.pm

Criterion	Covered	Total	%
statement	173	185	93.5
branch	67	100	67.0
condition	13	21	61.9
subroutine	36	38	94.7
pod	19	20	95.0
total	308	364	84.6

use v5.12.0;
use warnings;
package Email::Stuffer 0.019;
# ABSTRACT: A more casual approach to creating and sending Email:: emails

use Scalar::Util qw(blessed);

#pod =head1 SYNOPSIS
#pod
#pod   # Prepare the message
#pod   my $body = <<'AMBUSH_READY';
#pod   Dear Santa
#pod
#pod   I have killed Bun Bun.
#pod
#pod   Yes, I know what you are thinking... but it was actually a total accident.
#pod
#pod   I was in a crowded line at a BayWatch signing, and I tripped, and stood on
#pod   his head.
#pod
#pod   I know. Oops! :/
#pod
#pod   So anyways, I am willing to sell you the body for $1 million dollars.
#pod
#pod   Be near the pinhole to the Dimension of Pain at midnight.
#pod
#pod   Alias
#pod
#pod   AMBUSH_READY
#pod
#pod   # Create and send the email in one shot
#pod   Email::Stuffer->from     ('[e-mail]'             )
#pod                 ->to       ('[e-mail]'     )
#pod                 ->bcc      ('[e-mail]'       )
#pod                 ->text_body($body                     )
#pod                 ->attach_file('dead_bunbun_faked.gif' )
#pod                 ->send;
#pod
#pod =head1 DESCRIPTION
#pod
#pod B
#pod name and/or API changes>
#pod
#pod Email::Stuffer, as its name suggests, is a fairly casual module used
#pod to stuff things into an email and send them. It is a high-level module
#pod designed for ease of use when doing a very specific common task, but
#pod implemented on top of the light and tolerable Email:: modules.
#pod
#pod Email::Stuffer is typically used to build emails and send them in a single
#pod statement, as seen in the synopsis. And it is certain only for use when
#pod creating and sending emails. As such, it contains no email parsing
#pod capability, and little to no modification support.
#pod
#pod To re-iterate, this is very much a module for those "slap it together and
#pod fire it off" situations, but that still has enough grunt behind the scenes
#pod to do things properly.
#pod
#pod =head2 Default Transport
#pod
#pod Although it cannot be relied upon to work, the default behaviour is to
#pod use C to send mail, if you don't provide the mail send channel
#pod with either the C method, or as an argument to C.
#pod
#pod (Actually, the choice of default is delegated to
#pod L, which makes its own choices.  But usually, it
#pod uses C.)
#pod
#pod =head2 Why use this?
#pod
#pod Why not just use L or L? After all, this just adds
#pod another layer of stuff around those. Wouldn't using them directly be better?
#pod
#pod Certainly, if you know EXACTLY what you are doing. The docs are clear enough,
#pod but you really do need to have an understanding of the structure of MIME
#pod emails. This structure is going to be different depending on whether you have
#pod text body, HTML, both, with or without an attachment etc.
#pod
#pod Then there's brevity... compare the following roughly equivalent code.
#pod
#pod First, the Email::Stuffer way.
#pod
#pod   Email::Stuffer->to('Simon Cozens')
#pod                 ->from('[e-mail]')
#pod                 ->text_body("You've been good this year. No coal for you.")
#pod                 ->attach_file('choochoo.gif')
#pod                 ->send;
#pod
#pod And now doing it directly with a knowledge of what your attachment is, and
#pod what the correct MIME structure is.
#pod
#pod   use Email::MIME;
#pod   use Email::Sender::Simple;
#pod   use IO::All;
#pod
#pod   Email::Sender::Simple->try_to_send(
#pod     Email::MIME->create(
#pod       header => [
#pod           To => '[e-mail]',
#pod           From => '[e-mail]',
#pod       ],
#pod       parts => [
#pod           Email::MIME->create(
#pod             body => "You've been a good boy this year. No coal for you."
#pod           ),
#pod           Email::MIME->create(
#pod             body => io('choochoo.gif'),
#pod             attributes => {
#pod                 filename => 'choochoo.gif',
#pod                 content_type => 'image/gif',
#pod             },
#pod          ),
#pod       ],
#pod     );
#pod   );
#pod
#pod Again, if you know MIME well, and have the patience to manually code up
#pod the L structure, go do that, if you really want to.
#pod
#pod Email::Stuffer as the name suggests, solves one case and one case only:
#pod generate some stuff, and email it to somewhere, as conveniently as
#pod possible. DWIM, but do it as thinly as possible and use the solid
#pod Email:: modules underneath.
#pod
#pod =head1 COOKBOOK
#pod
#pod Here is another example (maybe plural later) of how you can use
#pod Email::Stuffer's brevity to your advantage.
#pod
#pod =head2 Custom Alerts
#pod
#pod   package SMS::Alert;
#pod   use base 'Email::Stuffer';
#pod
#pod   sub new {
#pod     shift()->SUPER::new(@_)
#pod            ->from('[e-mail]')
#pod            # Of course, we could have pulled these from
#pod            # $MyConfig->{support_tech} or something similar.
#pod            ->to('[e-mail]')
#pod            ->transport('SMTP', { host => '123.123.123.123' });
#pod   }
#pod
#pod Z<>
#pod
#pod   package My::Code;
#pod
#pod   unless ( $Server->restart ) {
#pod           # Notify the admin on call that a server went down and failed
#pod           # to restart.
#pod           SMS::Alert->subject("Server $Server failed to restart cleanly")
#pod                     ->send;
#pod   }
#pod
#pod =head1 METHODS
#pod
#pod As you can see from the synopsis, all methods that B the
#pod Email::Stuffer object returns the object, and thus most normal calls are
#pod chainable.
#pod
#pod However, please note that C, and the group of methods that do not
#pod change the Email::Stuffer object B return the object, and thus
#pod B chainable.
#pod
#pod =cut

use Carp                   qw(croak);
use File::Basename         ();
use Params::Util 1.05      qw(_INSTANCE _INSTANCEDOES);
use Email::MIME 1.943      ();
use Email::MIME::Creator   ();
use Email::Sender::Simple  ();
use Module::Runtime        qw(require_module);

#####################################################################
# Constructor and Accessors

#pod =method new
#pod
#pod Creates a new, empty, Email::Stuffer object.
#pod
#pod You can pass a hashref of properties to set, including:
#pod
#pod =for :list
#pod * to
#pod * from
#pod * cc
#pod * bcc
#pod * reply_to
#pod * subject
#pod * text_body
#pod * html_body
#pod * transport
#pod
#pod The to, cc, bcc, and reply_to headers properties may be provided as array
#pod references.  The array's contents will be used as the list of arguments to the
#pod setter.
#pod
#pod =cut

my %IS_INIT_ARG = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(
  to from cc bcc reply_to subject text_body html_body transport
);

my %IS_ARRAY_ARG = map {; $_ => 1 } qw(
  to cc bcc reply_to
  transport
);

sub new {
  Carp::croak("new method called on Email::Stuffer instance") if ref $_[0];

  my ($class, $arg) = @_;

  my $self = bless {
    parts      => [],
    email      => Email::MIME->create(
      header => [],
      parts  => [],
    ),
  }, $class;

  my @init_args = keys %{ $arg || {} };
  if (my @bogus = grep {; ! $IS_INIT_ARG{$_} } @init_args) {
    Carp::croak("illegal arguments to Email::Stuffer->new: @bogus");
  }

  for my $init_arg (@init_args) {
    my @args = $arg->{$init_arg};
    if ($IS_ARRAY_ARG{$init_arg} && ref $args[0] && ref $args[0] eq 'ARRAY') {
      @args = @{ $args[0] };
    }

    $self->$init_arg(@args);
  }

  $self;
}

sub _self {
  my $either = shift;
  ref($either) ? $either : $either->new;
}

#pod =method header_names
#pod
#pod Returns, as a list, all of the headers currently set for the Email
#pod For backwards compatibility, this method can also be called as B[headers].
#pod
#pod =cut

sub header_names {
  shift()->{email}->header_names;
}

sub headers {
  shift()->{email}->header_names; ## This is now header_names, headers is depreciated
}

#pod =method parts
#pod
#pod Returns, as a list, the L parts for the Email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub parts {
  grep { defined $_ } @{shift()->{parts}};
}

#####################################################################
# Header Methods

#pod =method header $header => $value
#pod
#pod Sets a named header in the email. Multiple calls with the same $header
#pod will overwrite previous calls $value.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub header {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  return unless @_;
  $self->{email}->header_str_set(ucfirst shift, shift);
  return $self;
}

#pod =method to @addresses
#pod
#pod Sets the To: header in the email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub _assert_addr_list_ok {
  my ($self, $header, $allow_empty, $list) = @_;

  Carp::croak("$header is a required field")
    unless $allow_empty or @$list;

  for (@$list) {
    Carp::croak("list of $header headers contains undefined values")
      unless defined;

    Carp::croak("list of $header headers contains unblessed references")
      if ref && ! blessed $_;
  }
}

sub to {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  $self->_assert_addr_list_ok(to => 0 => \@_);
  $self->{email}->header_str_set(To => (@_ > 1 ? \@_ : @_));
  return $self;
}

#pod =method from $address
#pod
#pod Sets the From: header in the email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub from {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  $self->_assert_addr_list_ok(from => 0 => \@_);
  Carp::croak("only one address is allowed in the from header") if @_ > 1;
  $self->{email}->header_str_set(From => shift);
  return $self;
}

#pod =method reply_to $address
#pod
#pod Sets the Reply-To: header in the email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub reply_to {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  $self->_assert_addr_list_ok('reply-to' => 0 => \@_);
  Carp::croak("only one address is allowed in the reply-to header") if @_ > 1;
  $self->{email}->header_str_set('Reply-To' => shift);
  return $self;
}

#pod =method cc @addresses
#pod
#pod Sets the Cc: header in the email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub cc {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  $self->_assert_addr_list_ok(cc => 1 => \@_);
  $self->{email}->header_str_set(Cc => (@_ > 1 ? \@_ : @_));
  return $self;
}

#pod =method bcc @addresses
#pod
#pod Sets the Bcc: header in the email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub bcc {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  $self->_assert_addr_list_ok(bcc => 1 => \@_);
  $self->{email}->header_str_set(Bcc => (@_ > 1 ? \@_ : @_));
  return $self;
}

#pod =method subject $text
#pod
#pod Sets the Subject: header in the email
#pod
#pod =cut

sub subject {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  Carp::croak("subject is a required field") unless defined $_[0];
  $self->{email}->header_str_set(Subject => shift);
  return $self;
}

#####################################################################
# Body and Attachments

#pod =method text_body $body [, $attributes => $value, ... ]
#pod
#pod Sets the text body of the email. Appropriate headers are set for you.
#pod You may override MIME attributes as needed. See the C
#pod parameter to L for the headers you can set.
#pod
#pod If C<$body> is undefined, this method will do nothing.
#pod
#pod Prior to Email::Stuffer version 0.015 text body was marked as flowed,
#pod which broke all pre-formated body text.  Empty space at the beggining
#pod of the line was dropped and every new line character could be changed
#pod to one space (and vice versa).  Version 0.015 (and later) does not set
#pod flowed format automatically anymore and so text body is really plain
#pod text.  If you want to use old behavior of "advanced" flowed formatting,
#pod set flowed format manually by: C<< text_body($body, format => 'flowed') >>.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub text_body {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  my $body = defined $_[0] ? shift : return $self;
  my %attr = (
    # Defaults
    content_type => 'text/plain',
    charset      => 'utf-8',
    encoding     => 'quoted-printable',
    # Params overwrite them
    @_,
    );

  # Create the part in the text slot
  $self->{parts}->[0] = Email::MIME->create(
    attributes => \%attr,
    body_str   => $body,
    );

  $self;
}

#pod =method html_body $body [, $header => $value, ... ]
#pod
#pod Sets the HTML body of the email. Appropriate headers are set for you.
#pod You may override MIME attributes as needed. See the C
#pod parameter to L for the headers you can set.
#pod
#pod If C<$body> is undefined, this method will do nothing.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub html_body {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  my $body = defined $_[0] ? shift : return $self;
  my %attr = (
    # Defaults
    content_type => 'text/html',
    charset      => 'utf-8',
    encoding     => 'quoted-printable',
    # Params overwrite them
    @_,
    );

  # Create the part in the HTML slot
  $self->{parts}->[1] = Email::MIME->create(
    attributes => \%attr,
    body_str   => $body,
    );

  $self;
}

#pod =method attach $contents [, $attribute => $value, ... ]
#pod
#pod Adds an attachment to the email. The first argument is the file contents
#pod followed by (as for text_body and html_body) the list of headers to use.
#pod Email::Stuffer will I to guess the headers correctly, but you may wish
#pod to provide them anyway to be sure. Encoding is Base64 by default. See
#pod the C parameter to L for the headers you
#pod can set.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub _detect_content_type {
  my ($filename, $body) = @_;

  if (defined($filename)) {
    if ($filename =~ /\.([a-zA-Z]{3,4})\z/) {
      my $content_type = {
        'gif'  => 'image/gif',
        'png'  => 'image/png',
        'jpg'  => 'image/jpeg',
        'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
        'txt'  => 'text/plain',
        'htm'  => 'text/html',
        'html' => 'text/html',
        'css'  => 'text/css',
        'csv'  => 'text/csv',
        'pdf'  => 'application/pdf',
        'wav'  => 'audio/wav',
      }->{lc($1)};
      return $content_type if defined $content_type;
    }
  }
  if ($body =~ /
    \A(?:
        (GIF8)          # gif
      | (\xff\xd8)      # jpeg
      | (\x89PNG)       # png
      | (%PDF-)         # pdf
    )
  /x) {
    return 'image/gif'  if $1;
    return 'image/jpeg' if $2;
    return 'image/png'  if $3;
    return 'application/pdf' if $4;
  }
  return 'application/octet-stream';
}

sub attach {
  my $self = shift()->_self;
  my $body = defined $_[0] ? shift : return undef;
  my %attr = (
    # Cheap defaults
    encoding => 'base64',
    # Params overwrite them
    @_,
    );

  # The more expensive defaults if needed
  unless ( $attr{content_type} ) {
    $attr{content_type} = _detect_content_type($attr{filename}, $body);
  }

  ### MORE?

  # Determine the slot to put it at
  my $slot = scalar @{$self->{parts}};
  $slot = 3 if $slot < 3;

  # Create the part in the attachment slot
  $self->{parts}->[$slot] = Email::MIME->create(
    attributes => \%attr,
    body       => $body,
    );

  $self;
}

#pod =method attach_file $file [, $attribute => $value, ... ]
#pod
#pod Attachs a file that already exists on the filesystem to the email.
#pod C will attempt to auto-detect the MIME type, and use the
#pod file's current name when attaching. See the C parameter to
#pod L for the headers you can set.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub attach_file {
  my $self = shift;
  my $body_arg = shift;
  my $name = undef;
  my $body = undef;

  # Support IO::All::File arguments
  if ( Params::Util::_INSTANCE($body_arg, 'IO::All::File') ) {
    $body_arg->binmode;
    $name = $body_arg->name;
    $body = $body_arg->all;

  # Support file names
  } elsif ( defined $body_arg and Params::Util::_STRING($body_arg) ) {
    croak "No such file '$body_arg'" unless -f $body_arg;
    $name = $body_arg;
    $body = _slurp( $body_arg );

  # That's it
  } else {
    my $type = ref($body_arg) || "<$body_arg>";
    croak "Expected a file name or an IO::All::File derivative, got $type";
  }

  # Clean the file name
  $name = File::Basename::basename($name);

  croak("basename somehow returned undef") unless defined $name;

  # Now attach as normal
  $self->attach( $body, name => $name, filename => $name, @_ );
}

# Provide a simple _slurp implementation
sub _slurp {
  my $file = shift;
  local $/ = undef;

  open my $slurp, '<:raw', $file or croak("error opening $file: $!");
  my $source = <$slurp>;
  close( $slurp ) or croak "error after slurping $file: $!";
  \$source;
}

#pod =method transport
#pod
#pod   $stuffer->transport( $moniker, @options )
#pod
#pod or
#pod
#pod   $stuffer->transport( $transport_obj )
#pod
#pod The C method specifies the L transport that
#pod you want to use to send the email, and any options that need to be
#pod used to instantiate the transport.  C<$moniker> is used as the transport
#pod name; if it starts with an equals sign (C<=>) then the text after the
#pod sign is used as the class.  Otherwise, the text is prepended by
#pod C.
#pod
#pod Alternatively, you can pass a complete transport object (which must be
#pod an L object) and it will be used as is.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub transport {
  my $self = shift()->_self;

  if ( @_ ) {
    # Change the transport
    if ( _INSTANCEDOES($_[0], 'Email::Sender::Transport') ) {
      $self->{transport} = shift;
    } else {
      my ($moniker, @arg) = @_;
      my $class = $moniker =~ s/\A=//
                ? $moniker
                : "Email::Sender::Transport::$moniker";
      require_module($class);
      my $transport = $class->new(@arg);
      $self->{transport} = $transport;
    }
  }

  $self;
}

#####################################################################
# Output Methods

#pod =method email
#pod
#pod Creates and returns the full L object for the email.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub email {
  my $self  = shift;
  my @parts = $self->parts;

  ### Lyle Hopkins, code added to Fix single part, and multipart/alternative
  ### problems
  if (scalar(@{ $self->{parts} }) >= 3) {
    ## multipart/mixed
    $self->{email}->parts_set(\@parts);
  } elsif (scalar(@{ $self->{parts} })) {
    ## Check we actually have any parts
    if ( _INSTANCE($parts[0], 'Email::MIME')
      && _INSTANCE($parts[1], 'Email::MIME')
    ) {
      ## multipart/alternate
      $self->{email}->header_set('Content-Type' => 'multipart/alternative');
      $self->{email}->parts_set(\@parts);
    } elsif (_INSTANCE($parts[0], 'Email::MIME')) {
      ## As @parts is $self->parts without the blanks, we only need check
      ## $parts[0]
      ## single part text/plain
      _transfer_headers($self->{email}, $parts[0]);
      $self->{email} = $parts[0];
    }
  }

  $self->{email};
}

# Support coercion to an Email::MIME
sub __as_Email_MIME { shift()->email }

# Quick any routine
sub _any (&@) {
        my $f = shift;
        return if ! @_;
        for (@_) {
                return 1 if $f->();
        }
        return 0;
}

# header transfer from one object to another
sub _transfer_headers {
        # $_[0] = from, $_[1] = to
        my @headers_move = $_[0]->header_names;
        my @headers_skip = $_[1]->header_names;
        foreach my $header_name (@headers_move) {
                next if _any { $_ eq $header_name } @headers_skip;
                my @values = $_[0]->header($header_name);
                $_[1]->header_str_set( $header_name, @values );
        }
}

#pod =method as_string
#pod
#pod Returns the string form of the email. Identical to (and uses behind the
#pod scenes) Email::MIME-Eas_string.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub as_string {
  shift()->email->as_string;
}

#pod =method send
#pod
#pod   $stuffer->send;
#pod
#pod or
#pod
#pod   $stuffer->send({ to => [ $to_1, $to_2 ], from => $sender });
#pod
#pod Sends the email via L.
#pod L
#pod can be specified in a hash reference.
#pod
#pod On failure, returns false.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub send {
  my $self = shift;
  my $arg  = shift;
  my $email = $self->email or return undef;

  my $transport = $self->{transport};

  Email::Sender::Simple->try_to_send(
    $email,
    {
      ($transport ? (transport => $transport) : ()),
      $arg ? %$arg : (),
    },
  );
}

#pod =method send_or_die
#pod
#pod   $stuffer->send_or_die;
#pod
#pod or
#pod
#pod   $stuffer->send_or_die({ to => [ $to_1, $to_2 ], from => $sender });
#pod
#pod Sends the email via L.
#pod L
#pod can be specified in a hash reference.
#pod
#pod On failure, throws an exception.
#pod
#pod =cut

sub send_or_die {
  my $self = shift;
  my $arg  = shift;
  my $email = $self->email or return undef;

  my $transport = $self->{transport};

  Email::Sender::Simple->send(
    $email,
    {
      ($transport ? (transport => $transport) : ()),
      $arg ? %$arg : (),
    },
  );
}

1;

#pod =head1 TO DO
#pod
#pod =for :list
#pod * Fix a number of bugs still likely to exist
#pod * Write more tests.
#pod * Add any additional small bit of automation that isn't too expensive
#pod
#pod =head1 SEE ALSO
#pod
#pod L, L, L
#pod
#pod =cut

__END__